Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the five internal organs belong to the five elements respectively, and the physiological characteristics of the five elements are explained as follows:
Wood has the characteristics of length, height, adaptability and expressiveness. The liver belongs to wood, which is responsible for dispersing qi, liking articles and being disgusted with depression.
Fire has the characteristics of being warm and uplifting. Heart belongs to fire, and heart yang has the characteristics of warming and activating blood.
Gold has pure characteristics. The lung belongs to gold, and it has the characteristics of clearing and descending.
Water has the property of moistening. Kidney belongs to water, kidney is dirty, essence is the most fundamental nutrient to nourish human body.
Soil has the characteristics of long-term cultivation. Spleen belongs to soil, which is the foundation of the day after tomorrow and the source of qi and blood biochemistry.
(2) The five elements of things constitute a system structure centered on the five internal organs.
With the method of five elements, the universe, man and everything are systematically summarized and linked, which embodies the overall concept of correspondence between man and nature. This connection is expounded in some chapters of Neijing. Taking the liver as an example, Su Wenjin made up a strict array and said, "Oriental blue enters the liver, opens the eyes, and hides essence in the liver. Its disease is horrified, its taste is sour, its vegetation, its livestock and chickens, its grain and wheat, its four seasons, the top is the old star, and the head is the spring. Its sound angle, which is eight, is to know that the disease lies in the tendon. It stinks. " According to this classification, there are gallbladder, tendon and eye related to liver in human body, and there are oriental, spring and sour taste related to liver in nature.
(3) Explain the relationship between the five internal organs.
The five internal organs belong to five elements, the liver belongs to wood, the heart belongs to fire, the spleen belongs to earth, the lung belongs to gold, and the kidney belongs to water. In this way, the relationship between the five internal organs can be explained by the five elements generating grams. For example, the relationship between lung and kidney can be expressed by Jin Shengshui; The relationship between liver and spleen can be expressed by Muke diagram. The relationship between spleen and lung can be expressed by primary gold, and so on. In this way, the relationship between the five zang-organs is both gestating and restricting each other, so as to achieve the balance of the functions of the five zang-organs.
If the relationship between generation and gram is abnormal, it can be used to explain the interaction of five zang-organs diseases. When explaining the transmission and change of the five internal organs, we often use "mother disease and son" or "son disease and mother". For example, kidney belongs to water and liver belongs to wood, which is the relationship of aquatic wood. Kidney is the mother, liver is the child, and both kidney disease and liver are maternal diseases, which is called "water does not contain wood". Another example is that the liver belongs to wood and the heart belongs to fire. This is the relationship between wood and fire. The liver is the mother, the heart is the child, and heart disease and liver are the child diseases and the mother, which are common in liver blood deficiency caused by insufficient heart blood, or excessive heart fire, which leads to liver fire and other syndromes.
For example, the relationship between liver and spleen is the relationship between wood and soil. Under normal circumstances, Shugan Strip can help spleen transport and transform. Excessive liver qi and excessive splenectomy will lead to the situation that liver wood occupies the spleen soil, which will affect the transport and transformation function of the spleen. Another example is that the lung belongs to gold and the liver belongs to wood. This is the relationship between Jin Kemu. If the liver qi is excessive, lung gold can not restrict the liver wood, but is rejected by the liver, which is "wood against gold" In this way, it is much more comfortable for us to explain the transmission and change relationship of visceral diseases in clinic.
(4) Used for the diagnosis and analysis of diseases.
According to the theory of five elements and the classification of five elements in nature and even human body, TCM also believes that the five internal organs should have four seasons.
That is, multiple liver diseases in spring, multiple heart diseases in summer, multiple spleen diseases in long summer, multiple lung diseases in autumn and multiple nephropathy in winter.
The pulse condition should be divided into four seasons, namely spring pulse string, summer pulse flood, autumn pulse hair and winter pulse stone. In addition, the five-color diagnosis also has a corresponding relationship, such as liver color blue, heart color red, lung color white, spleen color yellow, kidney color black and so on. Therefore, in the clinical diagnosis of diseases, we can synthesize the data obtained from four clinics and infer the condition according to the attribution of the five elements and the changing law of their birth, use and waste.
(5) for clinical treatment.
In the process of disease development, there will be transmission between zang-fu organs, such as "mother's sick child" and "child's sick mother", so corresponding measures can be taken according to the relationship between the five elements to prevent transmission. If the liver is sick, you know that liver disease can often spread to the spleen, so strengthen the spleen and protect the stomach before treatment. The spleen and stomach are not weak and are not easy to spread.
When determining the principles and methods of treatment, Chinese medicine often adopts "tonifying the mother in deficiency" and "purging the child in excess" according to the relationship between the five elements.
The method. If the lung is sick, the method of strengthening the spleen is called "nourishing the soil to produce gold", which means "deficiency can replenish the mother"; For another example, purging heart fire to treat liver qi exuberance is based on the principle of "purging the spleen".