1. How many legal holidays are there in a year?

The one-year holiday of officials in Sui and Tang Dynasties was different in different periods.

We can refer to the Ningling Order of Kaiyuan Holiday recorded in Volume II of the Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty: Jackie Chan and the Winter Solstice are closed for seven days each; Cold food is clear for four days; August 15, summer solstice and Laba 3, respectively; The seventh day of the first month, the fifteenth day of the first month, the second day of the Spring and Autumn Period, the eighth day of February, the third day of March, the eighth day of April, the fifth day of May, the third day of July, the fifteenth day of July, the ninth day of September, the first day of October, beginning of spring, the vernal equinox, Changxia and beginning of winter, once every ten days.

According to the provisions of the Kaiyuan Holiday Order, legal holidays are only 4 1, instead of taking ten days off every ten days. God, this is several times more than modern festivals. Then there are 36 days off in the middle of a year, and it can be concluded that officials take at least 70 days off every year. In modern society, before the implementation of weekends, there were less than 60 sundays and legal holidays every year.

In addition to the regular statutory holidays, there are also some festivals called "The Emperor can take a holiday if he wants to". For example, in the seventeenth year of Kaiyuan, Prime Minister Zhang said that the birthday of the Dragon Boat Festival in August was regarded as a Millennium Festival, and it was changed into an eternal festival. Yin Su's birthday is Tiancheng Festival. Although Daizong is not a festival, it has received various contributions. "Since the Qian Qiu Festival of Tang Xuanzong, Tang Xuanzong's birthday has been on holiday. Some ceremonies, such as the accession of the new monarch to the throne and the awarding of the queen, also follow this example.

Although it is sometimes a festival, officials have to spend it with the emperor. On this official festival, officials will still go to the imperial court, and even their clothes and ceremonies are more grand than usual. For example, the court ceremony of 65438+ 10/every June is like this. Liu Gongquan was fined three months' salary because the foreman made a mistake in his congratulatory message. That was June 65438+1 October1when the lawsuit was filed. On April 1 day, all officials with enough rank will attend the cherry banquet, but they don't go to work on such days.

Second, what other festivals are there?

As long as they are public officials on legal holidays, they can take vacations regardless of their positions. However, some holidays are different for different objects and regions. take for example

1. Field leave and seasonal leave

Volume 634 quoted the Tang Dynasty's "Fake Ningling Ling Order", saying, "Both domestic and foreign officials have a holiday in abel tamata in May and a holiday in September, with 15 days each. If the field is different from the local conditions and the harvest is different, it can be given. "

Tianbao years, the implementation of field leave system. Only some local and rural officials can enjoy this holiday. According to different seasons, the field decides its own time, but the period 15 days is the same. Field holiday is a holiday for officials to arrange farming at the turn of spring and summer, which is similar to the modern busy farming holiday.

Corresponding to the field holiday is the clothing holiday. The word "gift of clothes" comes from the word "gift of clothes in September" in "Taiping Magnolia". Vacation time is in September of the lunar calendar, which can not only take into account the autumn harvest, but also carry out seasonal cleaning.

Wei wrote a poem "The Book of Songs" when he was a foreign minister: "You can do it for yourself." Hate in the early morning, Noda cold dew. The world is wide, and the wind and grass decline. "Therefore, kyou-kan also enjoys the gift-giving leave. A notice will be posted at a special position at the entrance of the yamen before the festival.

Students at school also enjoy the treatment of vacation fraud. Because these people need to go home to take part in farm work this holiday more than officials. "Every student has two classics and a gentleman has three classics. I was willing to stay for the first time. Four students make up for the lack of business, which is too man.

The so-called costume leave and travel leave are aimed at newly appointed officials or transferred officials. It takes time for a new official to prepare for a trip. Generally, there will be plenty of time in two holidays. Many officials will come all the way to calm down and get ready. However, many people have extended their holidays and feel that "as long as they are courageous, they will take a long vacation on Qingming".

"Return the clothes to the field" Dunhuang Bo No.2504 "Dress Style" said: "If a new official takes office this year, he will thank those who have been relieved of their jobs because they can't get a position, and they will never change." Its holiday order also stipulates that "all foreign officials should give them fake clothes". According to the mileage, holidays range from 30 days to 80 days. This imperial edict stipulates that officials who do not arrive on time will be dismissed, thus avoiding the situation that some officials on duty deliberately delay time.

Generally speaking, the official holidays issued by the court are still very favorable. In August of the 10th year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima by Prince Zuo Zanshan. He left Chang 'an via Lantian, "Gong Chaoban, Jilan Bridge Water. Xunyang is only 4 thousand, and it takes 70 miles to start. " Visiting friends in Xiangyang, I wrote a poem "Selected Books of the New Tang Dynasty". It took about three months to reach Jiangzhou, the relegation place, in early winter, but obviously it did not exceed the prescribed time limit.

In the summer of the fourth year of Changqing, Liu Yuxi was transferred from Kuizhou to the State Secretariat. After sightseeing and visiting friends, it took him more than two months to get to the office. In Xuanzhou, where he shouldn't have passed, he not only made a detour, but also stayed for ten days at the invitation of his friends. He said in "Tianbao Formula Table Residual":

In August of the fourth year of Qing Dynasty, he moved from Kuizhou to Liyang. East of Minjiang River, Dongting Lake, Lixia Lake and Yunyang River. Cui Dunshi, a good friend, said goodbye to the Prime Minister and came to Wanling Town with a sealed letter, saying, "I will be a vassal, and I won't lose money if I don't drink for ten days." So, the rest is the road from Wanling to Chizhou, so plain. Poetry originated from the ancestral hall of Jingting Temple, crossing the river from the west of ancient Shu, and it is my name.

Third, the most important thing is to ask for personal leave.

In ancient times, people attached great importance to coronation, ancestor worship, weddings and funerals. These holidays must be taken. However, due to the length of the funeral, the vacation time and resignation are different. In some festivals, funeral regulations are the most common. If the deceased is an immediate family member, or parents or grandparents, the parties concerned must immediately resign and go home to mourn the deceased.

Article 108 of the visit to Xiangyang's former residence in the Tang Book "Funeral for Officials" stipulates: "Anyone who has been beheaded for three years or Cui Zi for three years will be dismissed from office. Zhou, chief of staff, his behavior, his parents are his heirs and his mother is his concubine. They all live for themselves, so it's sad to dismiss from office. If you continue to be kind, raise, remarry, or return to your family for more than three years, you will not be an official and stay in Zhou. "

This mandatory provision has had a great impact on many historical turning points. For example, "Yongzhen Innovation" Wang had to be anxious for three years because his mother died at the critical moment of the political reform, which led to the failure of the political reform and forced him to abdicate early. Tang Shunzong was forced to abdicate early and the prince succeeded to the throne.

Generally speaking, ordinary officials have no vacation, no promotion and transfer, and they also have about 85 days of vacation every year. They can rest for nearly three months a year. If they have personal leave or promotion, they will rest for nearly an hour and a half a year.