I think he is really awesome, and many celebrities regard him as an idol.

Born extraordinary

Wang Shouren was born with a special temperament, which is unusual. His mother was pregnant for more than ten months before giving birth. Before he was born, his grandmother dreamed that God was dressed in jade clothes, and the cloud preached that he was holding a child and fell from the sky. His grandfather named him "Yun" and named his place "Ruiyun Building". After he was born, he couldn't speak at the age of five, but he had memorized the books his grandfather had read. A monk visited his home, touched his head and said, "What a good boy! What a pity." Grandfather according to "The Analects of Confucius Wei Linggong" in the statement "know, benevolence can't keep; If you get it, you will lose it. "Then he began to speak. [ 1-2]

young and promising

Guiyang Xiuwen Yangming Cave

At the age of twelve, Wang Shouren officially attended a normal school. At the age of thirteen, his mother Zheng died, and he lost his dependence at an early age, which was a great setback for him. But he is ambitious and has a unique mind. I once discussed with Mr. Shu Shi what is the most important thing in the world. Unlike ordinary people, he thinks that "imperial examination is not the first priority", and the most important thing in the world is to study and be a saint. At that time, the country's political affairs were corrupt and the rebels were everywhere. During the reign of Emperor Yingzong, Emperor Yingzong was captured by the Mongolian Walla Department, and the court paid reparations. This incident cast a huge shadow on Wang Shouren's young mind. He vowed to learn the art of war well and serve the country. At the age of fifteen, he wrote to the emperor many times, suggesting to suppress the peasant uprising, but all failed. In the same year, I visited Juyongguan and Shanhaiguan for one month. Looking at the Great Wall, he already has the ambition to run around. [2]

Marry all the wives.

Mr. Yangming

At the age of seventeen, he went to Nanchang to marry Zhu Yanghe's daughter Zhu Shi, but no one could find him on the wedding day. It turned out that on this day he met a Taoist who was meditating there, and he asked the Taoist for advice. The Taoist priest told him about keeping in good health once, so he sat quietly with the Taoist priest and forgot to go back. It was not until the next day that his father-in-law took him back [3]. At the age of eighteen, my wife Zhu Shi and I returned to Yuyao, took a boat to Guangxin, and Wang Shouren visited Louliang. Wang Shouren was glad that Lou Liang taught him the theory of "being an official with excellent learning". After reading Zhu's works, I thought about the so-called "both inside and outside are fine, and every grass and tree feels" Song Confucianism. In order to practice Zhu's theory of "learning from others", he made up his mind to be poor in the sea of bamboo. He learned nothing for three days and three nights, but he fell ill. From then on, Wang Shouren had great doubts about the theory of "Wu Ge", which is the famous "observing benevolence and Zhuge" in the history of China's philosophy. [2]

Step into official career

Wang Shouren's inscription [4]

At the age of 20, Wang Shouren took part in the provincial examination for the first time and made great progress after his promotion. But he likes talking about military affairs more and more, and he is good at archery. However, at the age of twenty-two, Li Dongyang, a cabinet official, smiled at him: "Although you didn't win the top prize this time, you will definitely win the top prize in the next imperial examination. Strive to be a top scholar for the next imperial examination. " Wang Shouren picked up a pen and finished it. The elders in the court were surprised at his talent. People who were jealous of him began to talk, saying that this young man, like the top scholar, must be very arrogant. At the age of 25, Wang Shouren took the imperial examination again, ranking second. His father, the champion, enlightened him that he didn't win this time and would win next time, but he smiled and said, "You are ashamed of not winning the first place, and I am ashamed of not winning the first place." [2]

Be demoted to enlightenment

Statue of Wang Shouren

Hongzhi was twenty-eight years old in the twelfth year (1499) and took the examination of the Ministry of Rites. Because of his excellent examination, he was awarded the second place in Nangong and the seventh scholar in Jill, and visited the Political Department. Before the funeral, Weiningbo Wang Yue went back to the DPRK to discuss eight matters, such as the prevention of the northwest frontier, and later authorized the governor of the Ministry of Punishment to decide the prisons in Jiangbei and other places, and later requested to return to China due to illness. For a long time, I used the master of the Ministry of War.

In the winter of Zheng Deyuan (1506), eunuch Liu Jin was good at politics and arrested more than 20 people including Nanjing Yushidai. Wang Shouren didn't want to save people, but she angered Liu Jin. He was beaten with forty sticks and demoted to Longchang Station in Guizhou (seventy miles northwest of Guiyang, xiuwen county). On the way, Liu Jin sent someone to kill him, pretending to dive and dodged a bullet. Wang Shouren, who escaped capture, secretly went to Nanjing to meet his father Wang Hua. Wang Hua said to him, "Since the imperial court has entrusted you with an important task, you'd better take up your post." Then he set foot on the road and came to Longchang, Guizhou. "The mountains are thin and Miao and Liao live together." Longchang was still an uncivilized area at that time. Wang Shouren was fearless, teaching the local people according to the custom, and was loved by people. During this period, he had a new understanding of the central idea of the university. Wang Shouren realized that "the sage's way is self-sufficient, and those who seek truth from facts are also wrong". During this period, he wrote "Dogma Showing All the Students in the Dragon Field", which was called the enlightenment of the Dragon Field.

Jiangxi pingding

This monument is located in Dalai Mountain, Xunxian County, a 4A-level scenic spot.

In August of the 11th year of Zheng De (15 16), Wang Qiong, the minister of war, appreciated Wang Shouren's talent very much. On the recommendation of Wang Qiong, Wang Shouren was promoted to the position of the right capital, and was appointed as the governor of Jiangnan and Jiangxi. At that time, thieves swarmed in the central and southern regions. Xie occupied Hengshui, Zuoxi and Tonggang, and Chi Zhongrong occupied the company's head, each claiming the title of king, echoing Chen Yueneng of Dayu, Gao Kuaima of Lechang and Gong Fuquan of Chenzhou from afar, capturing and plundering various counties. Master Zhan, a thief from Fujian Daimao Mountain, set off again. Former Governor Vincento fell ill and left his post. Xie joined forces with Lechang thieves to seize Dayu, attack Nankang and Ganzhou, and the main book of Ganxian was killed. After Shouren took office, knowing that many people in the imperial court were thieves' eyes and ears, he asked the crafty old scoundrel's servant, who was afraid to hide it and confessed truthfully. Shouren pardoned them for their crimes and asked them to spy on the rebels' information, so Shouren mastered the thieves' movements. Later, he spread the news to Fujian and Guangdong, and first asked for thieves in Tai Mo Shan. Wang Shouren's military tactics are "bizarre" and arbitrary, and he is called "cunning expert soldier".

In the 12th year of Zheng De's reign (15 17), Wang Shouren personally led the elite troops to Shanghai, pretended to retreat, and unexpectedly broke more than 40 villages, killing more than 7,000 prisoners. He told the court that his power to order soldiers was too small. Wang Qiong did, and gave Wang Shouren a flag card, which can be made cheaply. In July, the invasion happened. 10, Kezuoxi and Hengshui broke 84 nests and killed more than 6,000 prisoners. After the war, Chongyi County was established in Hengshui. Later, he returned to Ganzhou and fought with the leading thieves, killing more than 2,000 people. Wang Shouren, led by a scholar and a partial scholar, wiped out the thieves who had suffered for decades, and people nearby exclaimed that benevolence was a god. [2]

counterinsurgency

Wang Shouren statue [5]

In the fourteenth year of Zheng De (15 19), King Zhu of Ning launched a rebellion. After Wang Shouren put down the thieves, the military code has been handed over to the Ministry of War, and there are no soldiers in his hand. Jiangxi court officials came to help Shouren, gathered soldiers from various counties in Yuanzhou (now Yichun, Jiangxi), requisitioned rations and made weapons and ships. Pretend to spread all over the country to Wang Qin, Jiangxi, and put fake labels everywhere in Nanchang to confuse Chen Hao. In order to gain time to gather troops, he wrote a wax book to persuade Zhu's false appearances, Li Shishi and Liu, to send troops to attack Ning, and deliberately leaked it to him. At this point, Li and Liu did persuade the invasion, but they had doubts and stuck to their guns. After more than ten days, Qin didn't arrive. Chen Hao found himself cheated and led troops to capture Jiujiang and Nankang. Chen Hao failed to attack Anqing, and the defenders have assembled. Chen Hao's elite went to Anqing, but the troops left in Nanchang were empty. He held his ground and led an army to attack Nanchang, and Chen Hao returned to save Nanchang. In the end, the two sides fought a decisive battle in Poyang Lake. After three days of fierce fighting, Wang Ning was defeated and captured, and the rebellion in Wang Ning ended 35 days later. [2]

Give a lecture in the pear garden

At the age of 54, Wang Shouren resigned and returned to his hometown to give lectures. He founded academies in Shaoxing, Yuyao and other places to preach "Wang Xue", and learned four teaching methods in Tianquan Bridge: no good and evil, good and malicious. Knowing good and evil is a conscience, and doing good and evil is a matter.

governor of Guangdong and Guangxi

Jiao Bingzhen painted a portrait of Wang Yangming in the Qing Dynasty.

In the sixth year of Jiajing (1527), Lu Su and Wang, the leaders of Si 'en and Tianzhou, were betrayed. Yao Gan, the governor, could not be pacified, so he sent a letter to Shouren to take over his original office as the governor of Zuodu and Guangdong. Huang Wan took this opportunity to defend Shouren. Please give him an iron ticket and an old salary, and write down the heroes who put down the rebellion. Sejong agreed. In December, the Shouren Army arrived in Si 'en, and Lu Su and Wang Shoudu had long heard that Shouren Ping was a traitor. They were so scared that they surrendered to Shouren.

In February of the seventh year of Jiajing (1528), Wang Shouren led Hu Guangbing to Nanning, and Lu Su and Wang Shougang surrendered and were willing to redeem themselves. So Wang Shouren sent ministers to discuss, and ordered Huguang envoys Qin Wang and Guangxi ambassadors Weng Su, Wu Tianting and Zhang Jing to command Xie Pei to supervise Huguang soldiers and attack Tengxia rebels. Since then, the governor has still divided Yongshun army into villages to suppress cattle intestines, and Baojing army into villages to suppress six temples. It is agreed to arrive at the destination on April 2.

At that time, the rebels heard that the army had arrived in Huguang and fled in hot water; I also heard that Lu Su and Wang had surrendered and were in Yong. Therefore, I thought Wang Shouren would disperse the army, so I'm going to relax. At this point, all the soldiers in Huguang arrived at full speed, fighting with the Ming army and being attacked on all sides. The rebels were defeated, and they retreated to Bao fairy mountain to build a village in danger. The loyalist climbed the Muyuan Cliff to attack, and then repeatedly attacked Youzha, Shibi, Dabei and other places, directly hitting the broken rattan gorge. After Wang Shouren Mimianzhu moved troops to suppress Sendai and other thieves, Yongshun soldiers and Baojing soldiers were divided into their own suppression, and they agreed to arrive at the nest on May 13th. The rebels retreated to Yong 'an Lishan, still besieged by the army and killed by the lieutenant Shen. At this point, the rebels in Duanteng Gorge were almost completely annihilated. [2]

Go home after illness

After the rebellion, Wang Yangming pleaded with the imperial court to retreat from his hometown because of the aggravation of lung disease, and recommended Fu Lin, the prefect of Xunyang, to succeed him, and went back without waiting for the approval of the imperial court. Shi Mao (1529 65438+18: 00 on October 9) died on the boat in Qinglong Port (now Dayu County, Jiangxi Province), Dageng County, Nan 'an District, Jiangxi Province. On his deathbed, the disciple asked him what his last words were, and he said, "This heart is bright, what can I say!" " After the mourning in Jiangxi, the soldiers and civilians all put on linen and cried to see Guan Ren off. Previously, because he rebelled against Wang Ning, he was specially appointed as Dr. Guanglu, Dr. Zhu Guo and Dr. Xinjian. He died when he was posthumously given to Xinjian Hou. In the twelfth year of Wanli, it was enshrined in the Confucius Temple. [2-3]

2 Historical Assessment Editor

Wang Shouren's head.

Zhu Zaihou: Stand up, a generation of great men have the ability to set things right and show their skills in saving the world and protecting people. I sympathize! Reaffirm one's oath by honoring the virtuous.

Xu Wei: Wang Xizhi's books cover his people, while Wang Shouren's books cover his books and people.

Zhu Yizun: His poetic brushwork is elegant and graceful, and his calligraphy is particularly vivid, which is a model of Linchi.

Wang Shizhen: ① Boan is a poem. Teenagers are interested in job hunting, but motivated by talent, unable to pursue further studies and obsessed with law; In his later years, he tried his best to return to China, but he was still led by the image of a teenager, so the rate could not be deeply integrated and came from nature. Its ego is two things. [6] (2) The greatest writers are Lian, Wen Yang Town, Dongyang people and Shouren. [7] 3 The escape of Neo-Confucianism laid the foundation for Yangming's theory of mind. [7] (4) Wang Boan likes to eat Aijia pears, and he can kiss and swallow them. Like a waterfall rock, it pours into thousands of feet without deep sorrow. [7]

Li Zhi: Mr. Yangming is a contemporary of Sun and Xu, three loyal ministers in Jiangxi. Teacher Wang recommended Hometown with Hu Duanmin and Sun Zhonglie. At midnight, he heard a giant standing in the field of literature and said, "The three of them are good at doing things!" " If you suddenly disappear, you will be the three great figures in Zhejiang. Moreover, there were many people who made great achievements in ancient times, but there were no people who won the rebellion without waiting for soldiers and food in ten days. Only Mr Wang Can does it. However, there is no court in ancient and modern times. There will be a court soon. If Land Rover hadn't stayed in court. Take the court as an example and the three parties as an example. Big cities are not allowed to enter, Juyong City is not allowed to enter, and even if there is nothing at the gates of Tongzhou, this cannot be falsely claimed in the Millennium of Shaobao. If Yingzong went to founding ceremony in the north, Yang Shan would be happy if he said something with his bare hands, so he ordered someone to escort the emperor back immediately. As far as I can see, only Yang Shaner was the only one who raised a pawn in ancient times. Whew! It goes without saying that raising a pawn depends on grace. This is a great achievement today and it is not easy to be wronged. Then Mr. Yu and Yang are also three great heroes through the ages. Oh! How easy it is for Mr. Bonn! In Jiangxi, he was one of the three loyal ministers; in Zhejiang, in modern times, he made three great contributions, not to mention that Neo-Confucianism was enough to succeed Confucius and achieve unity? [8]

Zhang Dai: Mr. Yangming's theory of creating conscience is the torch of darkroom. [9]

Shen Defu: However, Wang Wencheng founded the country with Neo-Confucianism, which solidified the hope of scholars. As we all know, his nature is extraordinary, and his soldiers are similar to Han Hebai (Han Xin and Bai Qi). But Se's conscience is full of saliva, and she is eager for rough soil. She has ten philosophers and three good deeds, but she doesn't know the amount. [ 10]

Huang Zongxi: Wang Yangming can be said to be' awake and radiant'. No one has been so profoundly enlightened since Confucius and Mencius. [9]

Wei: Mr. Yangming has served people with virtue for 300 years.

Wang Shizhen: Gong was a first-rate figure in the Ming Dynasty, who was excellent in virtue, merit and speech. [9]

Ji Xiaolan: He observes benevolence and righteousness, has outstanding merits, and his poems are elegant and elegant. His articles are unique and handed down from generation to generation. [9]

Zhang: Start from the straight section. It is better to be in Xinjiang, weaken the minions, sweep away the accumulated years of scholars and pacify the evil. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, civil servants won by war, and there was no such thing as benevolence. In times of danger and doubt, the more determined God is, the wiser he becomes. Although they are endowed with high talents, they also benefit from those in the middle. Unfortunately, his achievements were different from those of Confucianism, and his death was ridiculed by scholars. [2]

Portrait of Wang Shouren

Deng Zhicheng: Yangming's study is the most solid and useful because of its outstanding achievements. [9]

Yan Fu: ① Fu Yangming's learning leads to conscience. Moreover, it is a kung fu program that combines knowledge and practice and must have something to do. (2) Yang Ming's independent study is simple and easy, and the master always likes it. [9]

Liang Qichao: (1) He is a great scholar in modern academic circles and has made many achievements in military and political fields. (2) Yangming is a hero, and his scholarship is as wonderful as an injection, so he can make the end of Taoism for 500 years and make a big splash. [9]

Zhang Taiyan: (1) Literary achievements are proved by non-people, so paying conscience is to help the industry or hinder the times. Therefore, it is said that' if you know what you do, you know what you know, and if you know what you know, it is true', so there is a saying that knowledge and action are one. (2) The art of success is not your ability to be a politician, but your courage to stand up and do what you want to do. [9]

Sun Yat-sen: All the old Japanese civilizations were introduced from China. The heroes of the reform 50 years ago were intoxicated by what Wang Yangming, a great philosopher in China, called "the unity of knowledge and action". [9]

Cai Yuanpei: In the middle of Ming Dynasty, Wang Yangming rose and Xue Lu was revived, which made the ideological atmosphere new. [9]

Mishima-ichi: Recalling Xiyang Ming School, the earth shook and the machine was hidden. There is a full moon on Longgang Mountain, and I see the eternal light of conscience. [9]

Tougou Heihachirou: I did my best until I died. [9]

Takase Takejiro: The characteristics of Yangming studies in our country are almost all endowed by Wang Xue, because its entrepreneurs are very active and even the reformers have made great achievements. [9]

Takehiko Okada: Longchang is a holy place for Wang Yangming to fully understand and form his ideological system ... Yangming studies have the most oriental cultural characteristics. It is simple and clear, not only easy to learn and master, but also easy to practice and implement. In the big family of human beings, regardless of race, age, everyone can understand and practice Yangming's theory of mind. [9]

Fu: In the past 500 years, only two people were able to show their knowledge in their careers: Wang Shouren in the Ming Dynasty and Zeng Guofan in the Qing Dynasty. [ 1 1]

Guo Moruo: Wang Yangming also has his unique thoughts on education, which are more in line with the modern progressive educational theory. He had a great influence on the history of China thought and even Japanese thought. [ 12]

Qian Mu: The value of Yangming's thought lies in that he solved the problems of "the unity of all things" and "changeable temperament" left over by Song Confucianism in a brand-new way ... Conscience is both human heart and justice, which can unify mind and matter, knowing and doing and solve the problems left over by Song Confucianism. [9]

Zhang Dainian: Yangming advocated the unity of knowledge and practice, emphasized the importance of practice, put forward the theory of "to conscience", emphasized people's subjective initiative and advocated independent thinking, which had far-reaching significance. [9]

Du Weiming: Wang Yangming inherited and carried forward the unique humanistic spirit of Confucianism in China. He put forward that "the benevolent should integrate everything in heaven and earth", that is, to create harmony between man and nature; He put forward "the unity of knowledge and practice" in order to create harmony between man and society; He put forward conscience in order to create harmony between man and himself. [9]

Yu: In the history of China, there are many people who are literate and armed, but Liao Ruochen is the best in both aspects ... It seems that everything will wait until the appearance of Wang Yangming before the miracle can really happen ... In my opinion, Wang Yangming's philosophy, which has been criticized by people, is a great achievement in the history of China's national intelligence development, and not many people are qualified to criticize it. [ 13]

Mingyue: His theory of mind and nature is a wonderful flower in the history of Chinese civilization and a treasure worthy of our pride. He blew the clarion call for the liberation of human nature and led the trend of ideological emancipation in the late Ming Dynasty. His thoughts spread through the ages, and modern Kang Youwei, Sun Yat-sen and others benefited a lot from them.