First, the concept and classification of Yin and Yang
(A) the concept of Yin and Yang
1. The formation of the concept of Yin and Yang
Yin and Yang originally meant the back of the sun, that is, those facing the sun were Yang and those facing the sun were Yin. Everything and phenomena with warm upward movement belong to Yang. And things or phenomena that are relatively cold, dark and static fall belong to yin. Such as sun and moon, heaven, heaven and earth, up and down, up and down, sunny and cloudy, belong to yin and yang.
2. The basic concepts of Yin and Yang
Yin and Yang are generalizations of the opposite nature of some interrelated things and phenomena in nature. It can not only summarize two interrelated things, but also mark two interrelated aspects in one thing.
Yin and Yang are the universal laws of nature in heaven and earth, the program of the change of everything in the world, and the internal driving force of the development and change of things.
(B) the characteristics and classification of Yin and Yang
Characteristics of yin and yang
(1) Universality of Yin and Yang Things and phenomena in nature and the world have both positive and negative aspects, which can be marked by Yin and Yang. Yin and yang are all-encompassing, such as heaven and earth, sun and moon, fire and water, up and down, inside and outside, spring, summer, autumn and winter, men and women, men and women, ups and downs, access and so on. Life is tangible and cannot be separated from yin and yang.
(2) Relevance of Yin and Yang The things or phenomena summarized by Yin and Yang should be in a unity, or two opposing and related aspects within a thing, such as heaven and earth, up and down, inside and outside in space. Time is day and night, spring, summer, autumn and winter. Dynamic and static, ascending and descending, excitement and inhibition, etc. If the two are not in a unity, or have no correlation, such as heaven and heat, heaven and earth, they cannot be summarized by yin and yang.
(3) Prescription of Yin and Yang Because of the stipulation of Yin and Yang's connotation, Yin and Yang have clear stipulation on their respective attributes, which is unchangeable or irreversible. Such as enthusiasm, cheerfulness, upward, extroversion and excitement are all characteristics of Yang. Cold, dark, descending, gathering and quietness are the characteristics of yin. The sun is Yang, the moon is Yin, the water is Yin, and the fire is Yang, but they cannot be reversed. Heart yin and heart yang, kidney yin and kidney yang of human body have their special regularity, which cannot be compared.
(4) The relativity of Yin and Yang is mainly manifested in three aspects: First, Yin and Yang exist for comparison. For example, spring and summer belong to yang compared with autumn and winter, but compared with summer, spring belongs to yin and summer belongs to yang. Second, there are yin and yang among yin and yang. Like nature, it is sunny during the day and cloudy at night. During the day, it is sunny in the morning and cloudy in the afternoon. Third, the properties of yin and yin can be transformed into each other. For example, in summer, when the sun is extremely high, the weather gradually turns cold, that is, the sun turns cloudy. On the contrary, when the weather gets warmer from winter to the future, it turns from yin to yang.
2. Classification of yin and yang attributes of things The conditions for the classification of yin and yang attributes of things are interrelated and antagonistic. On this basis, things related to nature and human body can be classified as yin and yang, and all things or phenomena with the characteristics of external movement, rising, diffusion, warmth, brightness and excitement belong to yang. On the contrary, all things or phenomena with the characteristics of relatively static adduction, recession, coldness, gloom and inhibition belong to Yin.
Second, the basic content of Yin-Yang theory
(A) Yin and Yang opposition constraints
The opposition and restriction of yin and yang refers to the opposition of yin and yang, and the two sides have a relationship of mutual struggle and mutual restriction in the process of their movement and change.
Yin and Yang represent things and phenomena with opposite nature, or their internal nature is opposite. They * * * are in a unified body, they are fighting and mutually exclusive. For example, the cold and warm changes of climate throughout the year are the result of the relative coordination and balance of yin and yang in nature.
Another example is the excitation and inhibition of human functions, in which the excitation function belongs to yang and the inhibition function belongs to yin.
(B) the interaction of Yin and Yang roots
The mutual root of yin and yang means that yin and yang are interdependent and fundamental, and each side takes the existence of the other as the premise. Such as the ups and downs of nature, cold and heat, birth and death.
The interaction of yin and yang means that there is a relationship of interdependence and mutual utilization between the opposing yin and yang. Such as the relationship between qi and blood in human body, qi is invisible and dynamic, while blood is tangible and static. Qi is the handsome of blood, and blood is the mother of qi.
(C) Yin and Yang sympathetic hide each other
The combination of yin and yang refers to the process of mutual induction and intercourse between yin and yang in the process of movement.
The combination of yin and yang is the result of the interaction of yin and yang in the movement, such as the rise and fall of yin and yang in heaven and earth, the sky is yang, the earth is yin, the weather drops and the atmosphere rises.
Yin and yang hide together, which means that one of them contains the other, that is, there is yang in yin and yin in yang. For example, in nature, the weather is sunny, but there is yin in it. Ground qi is yin, and yin contains yang.
The mutual hiding of yin and yang is the source of power for yin and yang. When the weather drops, the air flows to the ground, the ground air rises, and the sky air rises.
The mutual hiding of Yin and Yang is the basis and link for the mutual use of Yin and Yang. Yang is born of Yin, and Yin changes with Yang.
(D) the balance of the growth and decline of Yin and Yang
The balance between the growth and decline of Yin and Yang means that both sides are in constant growth and decline and keep a relative balance in the movement.
There are two main forms of the rise and fall of yin and yang: one is the rise and fall, which is the embodiment of the opposition and restriction of yin and yang. Such as perennial climate change.
Second, there is a mutual relationship between Yin and Yang. Such as the relationship between qi and blood, if qi deficiency leads to insufficient hematopoiesis and blood deficiency, that is, yang disappears and yin disappears.
(5) Mutual transformation of Yin and Yang
The mutual change of yin and yang refers to the opposition and mutual root of yin and yang, and their attributes can be transformed in the opposite direction under certain conditions. In other words, Yin can be transformed into Yang, and Yang Can can also be transformed into Yin. The ebb and flow of Yin and Yang is the basis and result of the transformation of Yin and Yang. The transformation of Yin and Yang, whether gradual or sudden, is a process from quantitative change to qualitative change.
Third, the application of yin-yang theory in traditional Chinese medicine
(A) analysis of human tissue structure
Yin and Yang are divided according to the position of zang-fu organs. Liver, heart, spleen, lung and kidney are all yin, while gallbladder, stomach, large intestine, small intestine and bladder are all yang. The same is true of the yin-yang classification of human meridians. For example, in the 12 meridians, the three Yang meridians of the hands and feet all run along the lateral or posterior sides of the limbs, so they belong to Yang. The three yin meridians of hands and feet all run on the inner or ventral surfaces of limbs, so they belong to yin.
The classification of yin and yang of the five zang-fu organs is based on the physiological function characteristics. The five internal organs control the storage of essence and qi, and do not diarrhea, so they belong to yin. The six fu organs control the transmission of diet, which is clear but not hidden, so it belongs to yang.
(2) Explain the physiological functions of the human body
The human body is an organic whole, qi and blood run smoothly in the meridians, and matter and function coordinate with each other, which are the results of the opposition and mutual utilization of yin and yang.
(3) Explain the pathological changes of human body.
1. Excessive Yin and Yang
Yang is superior, yang is abundant, it is hot, and yang is abundant, it is yin disease.
Treatment should damage the real, heat is cold, and the method of clearing heat and purging fire is used. Exogenous fever should be relieved by Yinqiaosan Sangju decoction, while internal fever should be relieved by Baihu decoction and Chengqi decoction.
Yin will win, Yin will be cold, and Yin will be yang disease.
The treatment method is warming yang and dispelling cold. Mahuang Decoction and Guizhi Decoction are commonly used for exogenous diseases, and pungent warming can relieve exterior cold and relieve pain. For patients with internal cold, Herba Ephedrae, Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, Herba Asari Decoction or Sini Decoction are used to warm yang, dispel cold, dredge collaterals and relieve pain.
2. Deficiency of yin and yang is a pathological state in which the yin or yang of human body is lower than the normal level, including yang deficiency and yin deficiency.
Weak yang means yang deficiency, and yang deficiency means cold. Deficiency cold syndrome. Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney, the most common treatment should be warming spleen and kidney, choosing Lizhong Pill or Jinkui Shenqi Pill.
Weak yin means yin deficiency, and yin deficiency means heat. Deficiency heat syndrome. Yin deficiency of liver and kidney or yin deficiency of lung and kidney is more commonly treated by nourishing liver and kidney or nourishing lung and kidney. Select Liuwei Dihuang Pill, Qiju Dihuang Pill or Maiwei Dihuang Pill.
Deficiency of both yin and yang refers to the pathological state that both yin and yang are weak to a certain extent, resulting in deficiency of both yin and yang. Including yin damage and yin-yang damage and yin, some of which are yin deficiency or yang deficiency. Deficiency of kidney yin and yang is common in clinic, and the treatment should be both yin and yang, and Jinkui Shenqi Pill can be used to add and subtract.
(four) to guide the diagnosis of diseases
1. Analyze the four diagnoses and classify the data obtained from the four diagnoses according to yin and yang, so as to determine the nature of the disease.
2. Guiding dialectics, all dialectics can be summarized into eight categories, that is, yin and yang are cold and heat in the exterior, with yin and yang as the general outline and cold and heat in the exterior as the guide, in which exterior heat syndrome belongs to yang and interior cold syndrome belongs to yin.
(five) to guide the prevention and treatment of diseases.
1. Guide health preservation and disease prevention
Do it at sunrise and rest at sunset; Nourish yang in spring and summer and yin in autumn and winter.
2. Determine the rules of governance
Damage to its side wins, heat is cold, and cold is hot.
Make up for its partial decline, benefit the source of fire and eliminate yin; Strengthen the Lord of water and create sunshine.
3. Summarize the characteristics of drugs
The attributes of traditional Chinese medicine include the ups and downs of four qi and five flavors, which can be summarized by yin and yang.
Medicinal properties refer to the cold, hot and cool properties of drugs, also known as four properties, or four qi. Among them, drugs that can eliminate or weaken heat syndrome are cold or cool in nature and belong to yin. Drugs that can eliminate or alleviate cold syndrome, either warm or hot, belong to yang. The main herbs are sour, bitter, bitter, pungent and salty, and mild in nature. Among them, pungent and sweet taste is light, which can dissipate heat and belongs to yang. Sour, bitter and salty, it can astringe and stop diarrhea, and soft and hard substance belongs to yin. Fluctuation refers to the action tendency of drugs after they enter the body. Among them, the floating-ascending drugs have the characteristics of ascending and dispersing, belonging to yang, such as exterior-relieving drugs, resuscitation-inducing drugs and emetic drugs. The sediment has the characteristics of adduction, diarrhea and important town, and belongs to yin, such as antipyretics, purgatives and sedatives.