There used to be a slogan called "Life lies in exercise", and nutritionists put forward that "Life lies in nutrition".
As the essence and embodiment of human beings, life depends on nutrition. Exercise needs nutrition to provide energy, even at rest, it still needs nutrition to maintain, but the consumption is reduced. Life needs nutrition to support, and diet is the source of body nutrition.
Our ancestors have long recognized the important relationship between diet and life nutrition, and recorded many related expositions in Huangdi Neijing. Such as: "food enters the stomach, essence is scattered in the liver, and yin qi is in the muscle; Eating gas enters the stomach, turbid gas returns to the heart, and yin is good at pulse. " ("Su Wen Meridian Differentiation") "The five flavors enter the stomach, and each is happy, so the acid enters the liver first, the bitterness enters the heart first, the sweetness enters the spleen first, the pungent enters the lung first, the salty enters the kidney first, and the long-term benefits." (Su Wenzhi's Theory of Truth) "Taste belongs to form, form belongs to qi, qi belongs to essence, and essence belongs to domestication." "If the shape is insufficient, it will be warm and angry; Insufficient essence makes it taste. " ("Su Wen, Yin and Yang should be like a big theory")
In short, Chinese medicine believes that after diet enters the human body, it is digested and absorbed by the stomach, transported by the spleen, and then transported to the whole body, nourishing viscera, qi and blood, meridians and limbs, muscles and even bones, fur and nine orifices, and then benefiting essence, refining essence and nourishing the heart, thus playing the role of preventing diseases, delaying aging and prolonging life.
Essential nutrients for human body include water, carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins and minerals. These six nutrients mainly come from daily food and are provided by "eating".
From the point of view of health care, the six kinds of nutrition should be complete, the supply should be sufficient and the structure should be reasonable.
The more nutrition, the better The intake of nutrients should be adapted to age and physical exertion. For example, when young people grow up, or when their physical strength is high, they should eat more and strengthen nutrition. Of course, if we blindly "strengthen nutrition" regardless of the specific situation, there will be "overnutrition", so that excessive "obesity" and "fattening" are not good phenomena.
The problem now is that many people are not worried about insufficient nutrition, but are afraid of taking some nutrients, especially fat, cholesterol and sugar foods. In fact, fat and sugar are the main substances of human thermal energy and the driving force to maintain life. If the intake is not enough, it will affect the human body. Cholesterol is a double-edged sword. It can indeed cause diseases such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease, but it also plays an extremely important role in promoting brain information transmission, improving brain function, activating thinking and enhancing memory. The body has a feedback mechanism of cholesterol synthesis, and cholesterol in the body can be maintained at a dynamic equilibrium level. Therefore, eating the right amount of cholesterol is harmless to the human body.
The theory of five flavors harmony in traditional Chinese medicine also emphasizes the overall balance of nutrition. As we all know, food has five flavors: sour, bitter, sweet, spicy and salty. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the five flavors, when properly blended, are beneficial to health, while those that are biased are pathogenic.
Diet should be regular and quantitative. Sun Simiao also emphasized in the book "For Emergency and Nourishing" that diet must be regularly quantified. He said: "You don't want to eat in extreme hunger, you can't eat too much;" Don't want to drink too much If you eat more, you will accumulate, and if you are thirsty, you will become phlegm. " Have breakfast, lunch and dinner every day and have a fixed meal time. Every meal should be quantitative, not ups and downs.
Keep a good mood when eating. When eating, you must get rid of all troubles and worries, make your mood relaxed and happy, and avoid anger and panic, otherwise your appetite will drop sharply, even if you barely eat, it will be difficult to digest, and even affect your sleep at night. "Thinking hurts the spleen", long-term bad mood will damage the spleen and stomach, and then lead to other diseases. On the other hand, if you are happy, your appetite will continue to increase, and your stomach will be able to digest food and absorb nutrients well. In this way, the weak can keep fit and the sick can recover quickly.
Hot and cold diets should be moderate. It is human nature to like cold drinks in summer and hot food in winter. But the hot and cold diet must be moderate and not excessive. Even in hot summer, you should not be too addicted to cold drinks and food, otherwise it will easily damage the spleen and stomach. Similarly, hot food should have a certain limit. Sun Simiao said in "A Thousand Daughters' Wings": "Hot food hurts the bones, cold food hurts the lungs, heat does not burn the lips, and cold has no ice teeth. "It's very important to know how hot and cold the diet is. Too cold food can cause diarrhea and even drain profits. Too hot food can also damage the esophagus and stomach.
Eat slowly. Chinese medicine advocates "sipping carefully when drinking", because "drinking heavily against qi" can cause cough or asthma, and even cause phlegm. Eat slowly, don't gobble.
Insist on gargling and walking after meals.
The change of climate in the four seasons in nature has great influence on human body. Since ancient times, there has been a saying of "four seasons" in traditional health preservation methods in China. Among them, the four seasons regulation of diet is also an important aspect.
In terms of dietary taboos, Sun Simiao pointed out that some diets are taboo due to illness. For example, it is said in "Prepare a thousand gold prescriptions for typhoid fever": "Those who eat all meat and noodles less than five days after illness are more ill; The illness is worse and worse, and drinking leeks makes the illness worse; When the disease is new, eating raw fish is not only profitable; When the disease begins, eating lettuce will make the color last for life; When the disease is new and sweaty, people who drink cold water damage the pericardium, making people feel empty; At the beginning of the disease, those who eat raw dates and mutton will be steamed on the diaphragm; When the disease is new, those who eat meat such as dogs and sheep are steamed in their bones; At the beginning of the disease, eating fish, melons and lettuce makes people feel hot and dry; When the disease is new, garlic eaters will be sleepy. " It shows that when typhoid fever begins to recover, we should pay attention to proper taboos in diet.