Zhong Nanshan

Zhong Nanshan, referred to as Taiyi Mountain, Difei Mountain, Zhong Nanshan Mountain and Zhounan Mountain, is a part of the Qinling Mountains. From martial arts in the west to Lantian in the east, the scenery is beautiful, and it is known as "the fairy capital", "the crown of the cave" and "the first blessed land in the world". The main peak is located in zhouzhi county, with an altitude of 2604 meters.

Zhong Nanshan is one of the cradles of Taoism. According to legend, at present, astronomer Yin Guanwei makes grass for the building and climbs the grass building to watch the stars every day. One day, I suddenly saw Zi Qi coming from the east and Jixing going west. He had a premonition that a saint would pass through this pass, so he waited for Guan Zhong. Soon, an old man dressed in colorful clouds came riding a green cow. It turned out that Lao Tzu swam westward into Qin. Yin invited Lao Tzu to Louguan, held a ceremony to accept disciples, and asked him to give lectures and write books. Lao Tzu told Yin the 5,000-word Tao Te Ching on Gaogang in the south of the building, and then drifted away. Legend has it that today's lecture platform in Louguantai is the place where Laozi lectures. After Taoism came into being, Laozi was honored as the ancestor of Taoism, Yin was a real person at the beginning of literature study, and The Classic of Tao Te Ching was regarded as a fundamental classic. So Louguan became "the land of Taoism and forest in the world".

Since Yin initiated the concept of architecture, it has been built for generations. Qin Shihuang once built a temple to worship Laozi in the south of Louguan, while Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty said that Laozi Temple was built in Taipei. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, famous northern Taoist schools gathered in Louguan, built more temples and founded Louguan Taoist School.

In the Tang Dynasty, because the imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty recognized Laozi, the ancestor of Taoism, as a holy ancestor, it highly respected Taoism, especially because Qi Hui, a Taoist priest from Louguan, had sponsored the uprising of Li Yuan, so after Li Yuan proclaimed himself emperor, he especially favored Louguan Taoism. Wu Dechu (6 18-26) built a large-scale Zongsheng Palace. At that time, the main buildings were Shi Wen, Sanqing, Xuanmen and other ancestral halls, as well as Ziyun Yanqing Building and Jingyang Building, which became the center of the concept of ancient architecture. Although it was restored from time to time in later dynasties, it was repeatedly destroyed by soldiers. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Zongsheng Palace was only in ruins. Since then, the center of architectural concept has shifted to the platform of talking about classics. After the founding of New China, the landscape of ancient buildings has been repaired many times, forming a platform-centered building complex.

It is said that there are four halls in the platform, namely Laozi Temple, Doulao Temple, Relief Hall and Lingguan Hall. There are two auxiliary halls, namely Taibai Hall and Si Hall. There are bells and drums on both sides of the mountain gate, standing opposite each other. In front of the mountain gate, there are stone steps winding to the top of the platform. Not far from the west side of the mountain gate, there is a stone spring pool named Shangshan Pool, in which a stone carving faucet spits water all the year round. According to legend, in the second year of Yuan Dynasty (1283), there was a plague in Zhouzhi area, and there was no cure, and countless people died. At that time, Zhang Zhijian, the supervisor of Louguantai, had a dream at night, in which the old gentleman told him, "There is a slate in front of the mountain and a spring under it. There is an elixir in spring, which can cure the epidemic. " Zhang Jianyuan felt very strange when he woke up, so he ordered the little Taoist priest to look in front of the mountain gate, and sure enough, he dug a spring under the western slate. Zhang Jian's hospital is busy getting water for the Taoist priest who has an epidemic. Two hours later, the epidemic was magically cured. After the news came out, people from far and near came to get water for treatment, and the epidemic subsided. Three years later, Zhao Mengfu, a bachelor of Hanlin, visited here. He was very surprised when he heard that, so he asked for the word "to be kind to the pool" on a large book of paper and pen, taking the meaning of "to be kind like water" in the Tao Te Ching. Nowadays, every temple fair, pilgrims are still competing to drink this water to get rid of illness and prolong life.

It is said that there is a bagua-shaped blast furnace on the peak of Tainan, which is said to be Laozi's blast furnace. In the southeast of Taiwan Province, there is a "Tian Yang Pool", which is said to be Lao Tzu's pool for quenching while the iron is hot. Near the pool, there is a "habitat pavilion" where Laozi practices truth. There is a female spring in the west of Taiwan, which is the place where I taught my disciple JOE. Legend has it that Laozi turned a bone into a handsome JOE in Journey to the West. When I got to Hangu Pass, Lao Tzu turned Qixiang into a beautiful woman to test him. JOE can't resist the temptation and is preparing to take action. A finger of Lao Tzu's hand suddenly revealed the prototype of the bones. Because of Yin's intercession, Lao Tzu turned the white bone into a clear spring by touching the ground with a crutch. This spring water is clear and still drinkable. There is a tomb of Laozi in the northeast of Taiwan Province. The tomb is oval, with a depth of four meters and an area of 20 square meters. In front of the tomb, there is a stone tablet of "Lao Zi's Tomb" written by Bi Yuanshu in Qing Dynasty.

It is said that the site passing through Taipei Erli is the site of Zongsheng Palace. When you visit the site, the first thing you see is nine ancient cypresses that are still lush after thousands of years. The locals are honored as "Nine Old Houses". One of the trees was passed down as a cow used by Laozi, named "Niubai". There is a statue of Shi Niu in Yuan Dynasty under the tree. There are three trees in the southwest corner, and the scabs on the trees are like three lifelike goshawks flying high. People call them "three eagles and cypresses".

Louguantai has left many precious inscriptions, such as Tang Monument, Li Shu Ling Song, Su Ling's running script Tang Laojun Seeing the Monument, Yuan Banqian's running script Cao Monument, Mi Songfei's running script The First Mountain, Su Shi's running script The Monument to the Louguantai and so on. Yuan "Shangshanchi" tablet, etc. Of course, the most famous is the tablet of Tao Te Ching written by Gao Wenju. Its font is between Shi Guwen and Dazhuan, and its calligraphy is ancient and gorgeous. It looks like a character from a distance, but it looks like a flower from a distance. The words are exquisite, such as plum blossoms at the beginning, and it is praised as the "Plum Blossom Seal Calligraphy Monument" by later generations. There are seven obscure words on each side of the two stone tablets, which are not found in general dictionaries. It is said to be the 14-character regimen of the old gentleman, which means "Jade furnace burns medicine to prolong life, and the right path repairs Yiqi Dan".

The ancients said: "Guanzhong has 120 miles of rivers and mountains, and the south is the best;" In the end, thousands of miles south, the building view is the best. " Louguantai in Zhong Nanshan attracts believers of all ages with its long Taoist history, touching myths and legends and numerous cultural relics.

. Mount Zhongnan is beautiful, just like a magnificent painting screen, standing in the southwest of Xi. Cuihua Mountain, 30 kilometers away from Xi, is famous for its Qifeng, grottoes and ancient Qingchi Temple. In the second year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (before 109), Taiyi Temple was built in the mountain pass (Dayukou), so it was also called Dayi Mountain. The main attractions are Taiyi Pool, Wind Tunnel, Ice Cave and Cuihua Temple.

Taiyi Lake is a mountain lake, which is said to have been caused by the earthquake in Tianbao period of Tang Dynasty. Surrounded by towering peaks, the pool surface is rippling, and the mountains are bright and beautiful, Shui Ying. The scenery is beautiful, such as boating on the lake, walking among the peaks and enjoying the taste of nature. The wind tunnel to the west of Taiyi Pool is15m high and 40m deep, and consists of two granite blocks. The wind in the cave is chilly, so it is called a wind tunnel. In the ice cave north of the wind tunnel, although there is hard ice in midsummer, it is chilly. Now, there is a Zhengcha reservoir in the mountain, and the waterfall will fall as soon as it pours. Looking from the foot of the mountain, Su Lian hangs in the air, magnificent and unique. Every year from the first day to the third day of the sixth lunar month, there will be a temple fair in front of Cuihua Temple. At this time, tourists flooded in and were very lively.

The South Wutai Mountain is verdant and steep, rich in medicinal materials, and the ancients called it the most beautiful in the South. There are five peaks on the top of the mountain: Guanyin, Manjusri, Qingliang, Sacrifice, and Ling Ying, commonly known as Nanwutai, among which Guanyin Terrace is the most famous. Baoquan is located halfway up the mountain. It is shaped like beautiful jade and tastes like sweet sugar cane. This is a good place for drinking tea and having a rest. The only pavilion is also located on the mountainside, named after Gu Song in the pavilion. The pavilion is surrounded by birds and flowers and picturesque scenery, which is a good place to visit. Guanyintai, also known as Datai, is located above Dushangge, and there is the site of Sui Guoguang Temple. This platform has a wide field of vision and looks at Qinchuan in the north for 800 miles, which makes people feel relaxed and happy.

Guifeng Mountain, commonly known as Jianshan Mountain, includes Zige, Dading, Lingyun and Luohan Peak. It is tall and straight, shaped like Guiyu, so it is called Guifeng Mountain. The main attraction is Gaoguan Waterfall. The waterfall is located on the north slope of Guifeng Mountain, with a drop of more than 20 meters. The rapids splashed and went straight down the deep pool, making a thunderous noise. There is a poem in "Tang Censhen": "The waterfall hangs down the shore and is long and blank. It doesn't rain all the time, and the village thunders all day. " This is a vivid portrayal of Gaoguan Waterfall. The boulder in the upper reaches of the waterfall is abrupt, and there is a pool around it, which is called the carriage pool. The water in the pool is crystal clear, with fine stones like scales. It has a long history and is a good place to live in seclusion and explore miracles. The water flow downstream of the waterfall is gentle, forming a lake. The water surface is like a mirror, surrounded by lakes and green hills, and it is a good place to play and camp.

Zhong Nanshan

Wang Wei

Its huge height is close to the city of heaven, from the mountain to the corner of the sea.

The white clouds merged behind, and the blue mist melted into the mountains and disappeared.

The central mountain peaks separate the southwest, and the valleys are also different.

Want to find a house to live in the mountains, is it convenient for the water guide to ask the woodcutter?

All comments

1. Zhong Nanshan, located five miles south of Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province, is one of the main peaks of the Qinling Mountains. The ancients also called Qinling Mountain the Mount Zhongnan. Qinling Mountain, which stretches for more than 800 miles, is the watershed between Weihe River and Hanshui River.

2. Taiyi: also known as Taiyi, one of the main peaks in Qinling Mountains. People in the Tang Dynasty called Zhong Nanshan Taiyi, such as Yuanhe County Records: "Zhong Nanshan is five miles south of the county (Wannian County and Jingzhao County). Legend has it that there is a Taiyi in Zhong Nanshan, also known as Zhongnan.

3. Tiandu: Imperial Capital refers to Chang 'an.

4. Green haze: haze in the mountains.

5. Cape: seaside. It is an exaggeration to say that the mountain will never go into the sea.

6. It is divided into two sentences: Finally, Nanshan is high and steep, which separates the two scenes of Nanshan and Beishan, and the changes of rain and shine between valleys are also different.

In artistic creation, it is important to show the individual as a whole and pursue perfection in imperfection. Liu Xie's so-called "less is more" and the ancient painter's so-called "meaning is greater than image" all mean this ... As a poet and painter, Wang Wei knows the mystery, so he can vividly depict a huge Zhong Nanshan with a five-character rhyme of only 40 words.

The first couplet, "Its huge height is close to the city of heaven, connecting Qian Shan to the corner of the sea", first exaggerates the outline of Zhong Nanshan. This rough outline can only be obtained from a distance, not from strong light. So this couplet is obviously about writing a vision.

"Taiyi" is another name for Zhong Nanshan. Although the south is high, it is far away. To call it "near the sky" is of course an artistic exaggeration. But this is to write a long-term vision. Looking south from the flat ground, its peak is indeed connected with the sky. So to say that it is "near the sky" is to exaggerate the truth. The same is true of the corner of the sea where thousands of waters converge in Qian Shan. Zhong Nanshan starts from Tianshui, Gansu Province in the west and reaches Shan County, Henan Province in the east, far away from the cape. It is not true that it "meets the corner of the sea", but it is also true that it "connects with other mountains until the corner of the sea". However, this is a long-term vision. Looking from Chang 'an to the south, there is no end in the west and no end in the east. Writing the final vision of South China with "connecting Qian Shan to the corner of the sea" is exaggerated but more and more true.

In the second couplet, I wrote a close-up view, "Cloud, when I look back, it is close behind me". "Looking back" and the next sentence "Looking back" are dual, meaning "looking back". When Wang Wei entered Zhong Nanshan, he wrote "Looking Back" and looked at the road he had just walked. The poet is in the middle of Zhongnanshan Mountain, looking forward, white clouds are everywhere, and there is no road or other scenery, as if he could float in the ocean of white clouds after a few more steps; However, moving forward, the white clouds continue to be divided into two sides, which is beyond our reach; Looking back, the white clouds on both sides closed again and merged into a vast sea of clouds. This wonderful realm will not be unfamiliar to anyone who has experience in traveling mountains, but who can show it so vividly in just five words except Wang Wei?

The sentence "Fog disappeared when I entered them" and the previous sentence "Cloud, when I look back, is behind me" are intertextual, they are intertwined and complement each other. The poet walked out of the vast sea of clouds, and in front of him was a misty blue haze, as if he were moving forward and could touch the blue haze; However, when I walk in, I am not only invisible, but also invisible; Looking back, the green is closed again, hazy and long, but I can't reach it.

This pair of couplets is full of pregnancy, and it is written that it has vanished and changed shape. In other words, Zhong Nanshan has thousands of rocks and valleys, pines and cypresses, strange rocks and clear springs, exotic flowers and plants, and many scenic spots worth watching. Everything is shrouded in "white clouds" and foggy "green haze", which is invisible and unreal. Only in this way can we be more fascinating and eager to "see" further. On the other hand, the beautiful scenery we saw still makes people nostalgic and can't help looking back. Just now, the combination of white clouds and green haze put the scenery in front of Yumei's eyes with green gauze or ice gauze, from clear and hazy to hazy and hidden, which is even more memorable. The poet didn't say all this, but he left us a vast imaginary world in the "image" he had outlined.

The third high generalization, scale Wan Li. The first couplet wrote the height of Zhong Nanshan and the distance from west to east, which was seen from the north of the mountain. As for the width of the south from north to south, it is expressed by the phrase "a central mountain divides the wilderness" If you have the knowledge that "a central peak divides the wilderness" when crossing the mountains, the poet can stand on the "central peak" and look around. The east and west of Zhong Nanshan are far apart, while the north and south are so vast. Only based on the "peak" of "near the sky" can we have a panoramic view; And "harmony and weathering into many valleys" is a panoramic view. The so-called "sunny and rainy with the valley" does not mean "rising in the east and setting in the west", but uses the intensity of sunlight, with or without it, to show the Qian Shan Wangu.

There have always been different understandings and different evaluations about termination. Some people think that it is not unified and commensurate with the previous trinity, thus holding a negative attitude. Wang Fuzhi argued: "I need a place to spend the night. I called a woodcutter crossing the river. The vastness of the mountain is far from being known. This is the same as the first six sentences. The subject and object are clear, and the sense of non-monopoly is also described." Shen Deqian also said, "The last two sentences are not suitable for the whole body. Today, playing with its semantics, seeing that the mountains are far away and there are few people, the extraordinary scenery is comparable. " ("Don't Cut Tang Poetry" Volume 9)

These opinions are all good, but it seems that more can be understood by "playing with its semantics". There is obviously an omitted subject "I" in this sentence, so with this sentence, we can see "I" traveling in the mountains and there are "I" everywhere, so that we can look at things with "I" and express our feelings because of the scenery. Second, "I need a place to spend the night" means "I'll call a woodcutter across the river", so "I" will stay in the mountains and visit tomorrow. The mountain scenery is pleasing to the eye, and it is not difficult for poets to avoid the noise. Thirdly, the "water" of the poet "I call a woodcutter crossing the river" is actually a deep ditch and a big stream; So, how did he find the woodcutter? The "woodcutter" has to cut wood, have wood and have a stereo. "It is not difficult to imagine that the poet happily found the woodcutter" across the water "from the Woods. Since there is a" woodcutter ",it is not difficult to imagine that there must be a" place for people "not too far away, so it is not difficult to imagine where to stay.

Generally speaking, the main feature and advantage of this poem is that it is good at "seeking perfection with imperfection", thus receiving the artistic effects of "getting twice the result with half the effort" and "meaning is greater than image".

In the 29th year of Kaiyuan, Wang Wei hid in Zhong Nanshan. This article was written at this time. This is a famous sentence in Wang Wei's landscape poems. The grandeur and ever-changing charm of Zhong Nanshan's poetry creation show a sense of seclusion. "A Mirror of Tang Poetry": "Harmony with the weather becomes a valley" is a wonderful word. "Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty" quoted jade as the cover and said: "The word' nothing to see' is fascinating". Tang Xian's Notes on Samadhi Collection: "There is nothing to change about forty characters. There used to be so-called forty sages. "

TTGTTG

Zhong Nanshan: According to the "Three Ji Qin", "The Qinling Mountains start from Shangluo in the east and Pailong in the west, with an east-west distance of 800 miles". The Qinling Mountains run through the south of Shaanxi, with the eastern end extending to Shaanxi County, Henan Province and the western end extending to Tianshui County, Gansu Province. The main peak is in the south of Xi 'an today.