First of all, history and culture are long and profound.
Wuchuan has a long history. According to research, since the Stone Age, human beings have thrived in Jianjiang Plain. The ancient town of Lu Mei has a history of 1000 years. Because of the developed inland river traffic and large economic hinterland, it has long been the most fertile soil for the development of commodity economy. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the town has developed into an important commodity distribution center in South Guangdong and a Lingnan metropolis, with the same reputation as Foshan and Shilong. In the Qing Dynasty, Gaozhou County Records recorded that "there is Wujiadi, which is connected with the water of Sanchuan, so it is called Wuchuan." The so-called "three rivers" are Jianjiang, Meihuajiang and Sanyajiang. The water of Sanjiang comes from the old forest in the mountains, flows through Gaozhou and Huazhou, and flows into the sea from Wuyang Town, Wuchuan City. After countless years of baptism and alluvial, more than 800 square kilometers of Jianjiang plain have been formed in the lower reaches of Jianjiang River.
Second, the Jianjiang Plain has outstanding people and talented people. In ancient times, there were Lin Zhaotang, the only champion in western Guangdong, Chen Lanbin, the first ambassador of China to the United States, and Lin, the general of Huangzhou Zhili Hall. In modern times, there were patriotic generals Zhang Yan and Li Hanhun, and in modern times, there was Liu Huaqiu, former vice minister of foreign affairs and director of Chinese and foreign affairs office. Nowadays, Wuchuan businessmen with strong financial resources are all over the country, so it is not surprising to cultivate talented women like Yun Qing. Generation after generation of romantic figures in Wuchuan have left countless cultural heritages to future generations. Existing cultural relics include Wushan Beiqiu, Maoshan Academy in Jin Dynasty, Jipu Pavilion in Song Dynasty, Wuchuan Academy in Yuan Dynasty, Twin Towers in Ming Dynasty, Nanchengmen, Ancient Street in Qing Dynasty, Former Residence of Lin Zhaotang, Zhuangyuanfang, Zhuangyuanjing, Former Residence of Chen Lanbin, Former Residence of Zhang Yan, Former Residence of Li Hanhun, South Office of Guangdong Farmers' Association, etc.
Third, folk art is unique and exquisite. The long-term historical civilization has given birth to Wuchuan's colorful folk art, which can be called the miracle of South Guangdong. Wuchuan's traditional folk art "three wonders"-floating color, clay sculpture and flower bridge are famous at home and abroad. Flower Pagoda, Pottery Drum, Muppets and Lion Dragon are all unique and breathtaking, and have been awarded the honorary titles of "Hometown of Chinese Folk Art" and "Famous Town of China's History and Culture" by the state.
Second, the rise and fall of "Wuchuan Model"
As early as 1978, Pan Hanjin, a farmer from Wangcungang Fishery Commune, and other three farmers 13, made use of the resource advantages of the local "Kwai Township", and each 50 yuan invested 100 yuan in 800 yuan, establishing Liao Qin Brigade Kwai Factory, which is the first joint-stock enterprise in Guangdong. Subsequently, the first power plant in Wangcun Port, Wuchuan Hongda Electric Appliance Co., Ltd. (the predecessor of Guangdong Haote Electric Appliance Co., Ltd.) and Wuchuan Global Electric Appliance Industry Co., Ltd. were established one after another, creating the miracle of Wuchuan's "small workshop as a home appliance industry city". At the same time, Lipu, Lu Mei and Dashanjiang have gradually formed a "Shili Shoes Street", which is known as the "Plastic Shoes Capital" and awarded the title of "Hometown of Plastic Shoes in China" by the state. In addition, Qinba's knitted gloves and Zhongshan's Linwu Machinery Factory are also quite large, and township enterprises all over Wuchuan have mushroomed. With the sudden emergence and rapid development of the private economy in Wuchuan City, the development models of "one enterprise drives its neighbors, one village drives one factory" and "township enterprises, collective enterprises, joint production enterprises and individual enterprises" have gradually formed, which have been praised as "Wuchuan model" by the provincial party committee and the media, and have been vigorously promoted, enjoying a good reputation throughout the country as "Wenzhou model". At this time Shunde appeared, and Dongguan was overgrown with weeds. However, good flowers don't bloom often, and good times don't exist often. In the 1990s, Wuchuan people failed to make full use of the advantages of township enterprises and small commodity economy, failed to seize the golden opportunity of the country to vigorously develop the market economy, failed to further carry forward the "Wuchuan model", and the economic development became increasingly backward, which has become an eternal pain in the hearts of contemporary Wuchuan people! At this time, the Pearl River Delta, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places have gone away at a speed of thousands of miles a day, leaving Wuchuan and Zhanjiang far behind. Wenzhou, which was famous in the world at that time, also developed into an important international light industry base and distribution center, with more than 500 enterprises with an output value exceeding 100 million yuan. The "Wenzhou model" is still famous all over the world, and Wenzhou consortia have traveled all over the world, while the "Wuchuan model" has gradually drifted away, occasionally turning around and shaking off the dust all over the ground.
Looking back at history, the glory of "Wuchuan Model" is proud and its decline is regrettable. To get out of the shadow of failure, we must find out the reasons for failure and improve them to avoid repeating the same mistakes. Why can't township enterprises in Wuchuan grow up? Why did the Wuchuan model decline? Today, people still have different views, and the spring breeze has not blown. There are at least the following reasons:
The consciousness of small farmers is strong, and the concept of "small wealth means security" is widespread. The "Wuchuan model" is formed by the rolling development of a large number of farmers who wash their feet and set up small enterprises. However, the concept of early entrepreneurs could not keep up with the development process of reform and opening up. The concepts of "small-scale peasant economy" and "small wealth means security" formed among farmers for thousands of years are deeply rooted, lacking the sense of hardship and long-term vision and strategic thinking on enterprise development, which finally restricts Wuchuan's economic development. If you don't advance, you will retreat. When the national economy is booming, township enterprises and private enterprises all over the country are constantly reforming and innovating, developing and expanding, gradually occupying the national market and going abroad, Wuchuan's private economy is stuck in its own position. For example, Wuchuan's footwear industry was once ahead of the whole country, and initially formed an industrial cluster in the 1980s. But so far, there is no provincial-level famous brand, and most of them are manual workshops that produce the lowest-end products, and even they are called "weekly shoes" because of their low technical content and low quality.
Second, the management level is low, and a modern enterprise system has not been established. The early township enterprises in Wuchuan were generally family-owned manual workshops, and the operators' cultural level was relatively low and their management level was not high. Most enterprises have not established a standardized enterprise management system and operational procedures, and they have not even registered in industry and commerce, nor have brand trademarks and bank account numbers. For example, Bopu's footwear industry and Qinba's knitted gloves industry are almost the same factory, and the production and sales are mainly handled by family members, and most of the helpers are neighbors or relatives and friends. It is the so-called management mode of "aunt nursing, brother working", "husband giving birth and wife taking care of the accounts", and "father-son factory" and "brother company" abound. This is the congenital deficiency of "Wuchuan model" enterprises. Due to low management level and lack of capital and technology, these enterprises are not competitive in the market, which restricts the upgrading of enterprises and leads to smaller and smaller enterprises. Because some enterprises have not established modern enterprise management system, different shareholders are prone to conflict in fund management, business decision-making and profit sharing. The risk of enterprise dissolution or spin-off is great, which restricts the further development of enterprises and misses the opportunity of development and growth.
3. The local government is poorly managed and lacks services. The "Wuchuan Model" is spontaneously produced by the people and promoted by the long-term accumulation of Wuchuan people with keen commodity consciousness. When Wuchuan model was first formed, the local government played a certain role, strongly supported the establishment of township enterprises, and planned and guided the industrial layout of each township, so that Wuchuan model developed rapidly. However, local governments have failed to emancipate their minds, keep pace with the times, have insufficient understanding of the importance and long-term nature of reform and opening up, and lack crisis concepts and strategic awareness. After the township enterprises in Wuchuan developed to a certain extent, many officials were busy with publicity and eulogy, but they did not perform the functions of government departments in managing and serving the economy well, did not make scientific planning and guidance for the further development of township enterprises, did not create a good soft and hard environment for the development of enterprises, did not carry out in-depth economic management reform in line with the trend of reform and opening up, and did not create a policy platform for industrial transformation and upgrading. Instead, it formed a "eat, take and upgrade". For example, Wuchuan's sugar and liquor industrial enterprises were once prosperous and their products sold well all over the country. In addition to some failures due to poor management, at least dozens of enterprises have moved to the Pearl River Delta, Shijiazhuang and other places for development, resulting in the empty buildings of the original brown sugar and wine industrial enterprises, and the masses have made trouble because of unpaid wages.
Fourth, the national and provincial economic climate is not conducive to Wuchuan. Both China and Guangdong have the characteristics of vast territory, large population, diverse cultures and unbalanced economic development. In the process of reform and opening up, each round of economic growth pole is determined by the national strategy, and the economic take-off of the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta and the Bohai Rim economic circle is strongly supported by the national policy. In the early days of reform and opening up, Wuchuan people seized the policy opportunity that the national commodity economy started and the state encouraged the establishment of township enterprises, and established the Wuchuan model in one fell swoop. But around the 1990s, the development of the country and Guangdong was concentrated in the Pearl River Delta, the economic system gradually moved towards a market economy, and the strategic position of western Guangdong declined rapidly. However, Wuchuan did not get the policy care from his superiors, the support of funds, technology and talents, and even lacked the advantages of the Pearl River Delta region and the hometown of overseas Chinese, and gradually distanced himself from the Pearl River Delta, which is developing like a rocket. This is also the objective reason why Wuchuan's capital and talents flow to the Pearl River Delta, gradually forming a vicious circle of capital, brain drain and Wuchuan's economic development stagnation.