Tongguan is located in the north of Tongguan County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, with Daliao Mountain in the north, Qinling Mountain in the south and the Yellow River in the middle. Tongguan is a long and narrow belt separated by two mountains. From Tongguan to Luoyang, it has been the ancient Song-Han road since ancient times, which is equivalent to the present expressway. Tongguan was a barrier to the east of Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. It has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times, and its geographical location is very important.
In 775 AD, 65,438+02,65,438+06, An Lushan, who was then our envoy to Fanyang, Pinglu and Hedong (in Zhuozhou, Hebei Province), led 200,000 troops to resist the Tang Dynasty on the pretext of "worrying about the country and the people and killing Yang by secret edict". After a long period of peace in the Tang Dynasty, during the war, a large area of land was lost in a panic. An Lushan successfully occupied Luoyang, the eastern capital, and then led his troops to attack Tongguan in the west, ready to win Chang 'an in one fell swoop.
At this time, the commanders guarding Tongguan were famous Tang Dynasty soldiers Feng Changqing and Gao Xianzhi. After fully analyzing the situation of both sides, they think that the best policy is to stick to Tongguan, rely on the dangerous terrain of Tongguan and delay the time. An Lushan rebels will soon be demoralized, and food and grass will be unsustainable. Then cooperate with the surrounding Tang Jun, while the enemy's morale is low, and go through customs to kill An Lushan together. But at this time, Yang of Chang 'an wanted to take this opportunity to get rid of Feng Changqing and Gao Xianzhi, because these two didn't listen to Yang at ordinary times, so Yang falsely accused Feng Changqing and Gao Xianzhi: "They said they were self-respecting and delayed the battle with the rebels, but in fact they were also preparing to rebel, so they should be removed as soon as possible to avoid endless future troubles." Stupid Li Longji actually believed this and killed the two strikers without hesitation.
However, after getting rid of Feng Changqing and Gao Xianzhi, Li Longji was dumbfounded, because at this time he found that there were no generals to send. As a last resort, Li Longji invited Ge, a paraplegic veteran who was over eighty, to go into battle (let the soldiers carry him on the battlefield). Brother Ge is the protagonist in the poem "The constellation of these seven high stars is the sword in the dark night" that we are familiar with. The lofty frontier hero of that year, because of his addiction to alcohol, finally suffered a stroke and hemiplegia. He thinks he can spend the rest of his life without credit. Unexpectedly, even if he was dying, he would be carried to the battlefield, and finally he ended up in a tragic ending of surrender and rebellion, and his reputation was still lost.
After Ge arrived in Tongguan, according to the situation in Tongguan, he came to the conclusion that great minds think alike: the strategy of sticking to Tongguan to exhaust the enemy is exactly the same as the strategy of killing famous soldiers. However, Yang, the grave digger of Datang, strongly disagreed. He told Tang Xuanzong that An Lushan had been unable to attack the periphery of Tongguan for a long time, and had led troops to retreat, leaving only 10,000 old, weak and disabled troops led by Cui Ganyou in the periphery of Tongguan (this was An Lushan's plan). At this time, another Datang army led by Li Guangbi and Guo Ziyi won in Hebei.
Under the impact of these two good news, naive Li Longji launched a remote command, and one after another urged Ge Shuhan to send troops. The urging was far stronger than that of the later Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty. He ordered Yue Fei's army to return to Korea with the golden command of 12. Helpless Ge sighed and wept bitterly, and let the soldiers carry him and set off for Luoyang with 200,000 troops.
Unfortunately, however, soon after leaving Tongguan, Ge fell into the trap of An Lushan and the whole army was introduced into a long and narrow valley. Then, An Lushan's army fell from the sky, and then when the army retreated in a hurry, the smoke ignited by An Lushan's army everywhere blurred the direction, and it was a war against itself all night. Finally, it was surrounded by fireworks at dawn, and it was raining with arrows all over the sky until it finally rushed out of the valley. Look at the grain carriers on the banks of the Yellow River. Because the An Lushan army was chasing after him, Tang Jun got into the boat and fled for his life. As a result, most ships sank because of too many people, and countless Tang Jun drowned in the raging Yellow River. After some tossing down, there are only about 8,000 people left in the 200,000 army. In the face of such a tragic scene, Ge Shuhan, an old and frail man, was so angry that he wanted to commit suicide by drawing his sword, but he was forcibly tied to his horse by the insurgents, and he went all the way eastward to Luoyang and surrendered to An Lushan. Later, An Lushan was killed because of the defeat, and An Qingxu, the son of An Lushan, killed Ge Shuhan before fleeing Luoyang. It is a sad fate and a sigh for a generation of famous people in the future!
In the Tang dynasty, after the battle of Tongguan, there was no danger. Li Longji hurriedly led members of the royal family to flee to Sichuan. The familiar story of Yang Yuhuan being strangled in Maguipo happened on the way to escape. Since then, although the Tang Dynasty later turned the tide with the efforts of General Guo Ziyi and defeated An Lushan, it regained the power of the Tang Dynasty. However, the Tang Dynasty never returned to its peak. After several years of dull time, it finally went to extinction.