Burj Dubai, also known as Burj Khalifa, is located in Dubai, the largest city in the United Arab Emirates.
Dubai is also the economic and financial center of the Middle East, the richest city in the Middle East and one of the richest cities in the world. The Burj Khalifa project was designed by adrian smith, an American architect of Chicago Company, and jointly implemented by SOM, the largest Belgian builder, Arabtec, the largest local Arab construction company, and Samsung. The landscape part was designed by SWA in America. China Jiangsu Nantong Liujian Group Company contracted civil works, and the curtain wall was contracted by Hong Kong Far East, Shanghai Lijin and Shaanxi Hengyuan. The architectural design adopts a challenging single structure, which is composed of tubular multi-towers.
Burj Khalifa cost: USD 654.38+RMB 50 million; Total height: 828m (2716.53ft); Building floors: 162 floors, including underground 169 floors. The whole building of Burj Khalifa has 83,000 square meters of glass and 27,000 square meters of metal, which is equivalent to 17 football fields. There are houses, offices and luxury hotels in the building. Giorgio armani, a famous Italian luxury designer, participated in the hotel design. The observation deck named "AtTheTop" is located on the124th floor. On a sunny day, visitors can overlook the scenery 80 kilometers away. It is worth mentioning that there is a swimming pool on the 76th floor of Burj Khalifa, making it the highest swimming pool in the world, and the tallest mosque in the world is built on the158th floor of Burj Khalifa. There are 56 elevators in the building with a speed of18m per second, which is the fastest and longest running elevator in the world. Burj Dubai is Y-shaped, with space age style, but its basic shape is Islamic architectural style-six petals Desert Flower. Each part finally spirals up and twists into a spire. Burj Khalifa, formerly known as Burj Khalifa, was changed to Burj Khalifa as its official name after its completion. In the ancient Arab world, Khalifa means "the supreme leader of the Islamic world" and is also the title of ruler of the Arab empire in history. Dubai's UAE president is also the chief of Abu Dhabi, whose name happens to be Khalifa.
Shanghai center building 2
Shanghai Tower is located in Lujiazui Financial Center, Shanghai. The building area is 433,954 square meters, with the main building 1 18 floors, building floors 128 floors (ground 1 18 floors, podium 5 floors and basement 5 floors), with a total height of 632 meters and a structural height of 580 meters. In 2008 it was 65438. In addition, there are motor vehicle parking spaces underground, which can park 2,000 cars. Construction cost: 654.38 yuan+04.8 billion yuan. Shanghai Tower will have two glass exterior walls, one inside and the other outside, and the main body will be in the shape of an inner circle and an outer triangle. Figuratively speaking, one tube is covered with another tube. The distance between the glass facades is between 90 cm and 10 m, which provides space for the air hall, acts as an insulation layer similar to a thermos bottle, and reduces the heating and cooling requirements of the whole building. Reducing the energy consumption of skyscrapers is not only beneficial to environmental protection, but also makes this large-scale construction project more economically feasible.
According to the design, you can take the 1 18 ultra-high-speed elevator from B2 floor to the sightseeing floor, and you can reach the "Crown" at the speed of 18 meters per second and 1 more minutes to have a bird's eye view of Shanghai. According to the design,118-19 is an indoor sightseeing space, 12 1 is an outdoor platform sightseeing floor, and 125- 126 is an outdoor platform sightseeing floor. Visitors are expected to stroll along the circular path on the 12 1 floor, get in touch with the breeze at high altitude and feel the top of Shanghai. As a comprehensive super-high-rise building, Shanghai Tower is mainly used for office work, and other formats include exhibitions, hotels, sightseeing, entertainment and commerce. The building is divided into five functional areas, including public business and entertainment area, low-middle-high office area, enterprise club area, boutique hotel area and top-level functional experience space. Among them, "the top of the world" is a functional experience area, which has the functions of city display and viewing platform, entertainment, VIP mini-bar, catering, sightseeing meeting and so on. In addition, there is a multifunctional activity center with 1200 people in the podium of this project. Shanghai Tower is supported by three interconnected systems. The first system is a 90ft× 90ft (about 27m× 27m) reinforced concrete core column, which provides vertical support. The second is a ring "super column" made of steel, which surrounds the reinforced concrete core column and is connected with it through steel bearing brackets. These steel columns are responsible for supporting the building and resisting lateral forces. Finally, every 14 floor adopts two-story strip truss, which surrounds the whole building, and each truss belt marks the beginning of a new area.
Royal Bell Tower Hotel Mecca No.3
Royal Bell Tower Hotel Mecca is the holy city of Islam in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Nearby is the largest mosque in the world, Mecca. The Bell Tower Hotel is a duplex building. The building height is 60 1 m, and the building is 95 stories high. The Royal Bell Tower Hotel Mecca is the tallest hotel building in the world. The building area of the whole complex building will reach 6.5438+0.5 million square meters, which is the highest in the world. The main body of Mecca Bell Tower consists of a 662-meter concrete building and a 155-meter-high metal spire with a Crecente symbol on it. The biggest highlight of the bell tower is the huge clock designed and manufactured by a German company. This four-dimensional clock with a height of 43 meters and a width of 45 meters has become the largest clock in the world. This clock can be seen from 17 km away at night and from1km to 12 km away during the day. The Royal Bell Tower is a cuboid with dials on all sides to show the time. Each one is inlaid with 98 million glass bricks and engraved with the words "Great God" in Arabic. The bell tower is 60 1 m high, and each dial is 40 meters in diameter. It has become a landmark building in Saudi Arabia and can be seen 25 kilometers away. At the top of the bell tower, there is also a Muslim crescent moon covered with gold. It is reported that the Royal Bell Tower was designed by German and Swiss engineers, and the whole project is expected to cost 800 million US dollars. According to the report, the main purpose of building this bell tower is to check the standard time during the pilgrimage. The Royal Bell Tower Hotel in Mecca was built in 20 12, and was built by Saudi Bin Laden Group, the largest construction company in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is located near the Forbidden City, the largest mosque in the world, the holy place of Islam. At present, the Royal Bell Tower Hotel Mecca has the world's tallest hotel, the world's tallest bell tower, the world's largest clock face and the world's largest construction area. Visitors can see the golden moon on the top of the bell tower, which is 0/6 miles away from/kloc.
No.4 Taipei 10 1 Skyscraper
Taipei 10 1 Skyscraper, formerly known as Taipei International Finance Center, is located at No.7, Section 5, Xinyi Road, Xicunli, Taipei City, Taiwan Province Province. The building started on 1999 and was completed and put into use on February 3, 2004. Designed by architect Li Zuyuan and built by KTRT team. The total height of the building is 509 meters, with a total of 106 floors (ground10/floor, 5 floors underground), and the construction cost is NT$ 58 billion. 10 1 The skyscraper combines the oriental classical culture with the local characteristics of Taiwan Province Province. Its multi-stage appearance is like a stout bamboo, which is more and more flexible as it flies higher and higher, symbolizing endless life. The main building is divided into podium building (Taipei 10 1 shopping center) and tower building (enterprise office building). Among them, B2-B4 is a parking lot, B 1 to 4th floor * * has a five-story shopping center, 5th floor is the location of many banks and securities service financial centers, 6th to 84th floor is a general office building, 85th floor is a business club, 86th to 88th floor is a viewing restaurant, 89th floor is an indoor viewing floor, and 9th1floor is an outdoor viewing platform. The building uses high-tech materials and creative lighting to create visual penetration in a transparent and clear way. Ensure the remarkable benefits of disaster prevention and wind prevention with high-tech giant structures. Every eight floors form a group of independent spaces, which naturally eliminates the wind effect of airflow generated by high-rise buildings on the ground, and ensures the safety and comfort of pedestrians through the division of green planting areas in architectural design. The building surface with an inward inclination of seven degrees increases layer by layer; The high-transparency, energy-saving and heat-insulating curtain wall glass without damage from reflected light allows people to see the sky and the earth in the tallest building in Taiwan Province Province. High-tech materials and creative lighting are transparent and clear, creating a visual penetration effect and integrating with nature and surrounding environment on a large scale. The building was jointly funded by 12 banks and enterprises in Taiwan Province province. The podium at the bottom of the building will not only serve as a shopping mall, but also become the financial and commercial center of Taipei, and the stock exchange will also move here. There was a record of "the tallest building in the world" from 65438+February 3 1 to10+1October 4, 2004. It is still the tallest island building in the world. In order to cope with the shaking caused by high-altitude strong winds and typhoons, 10 1 building has installed a "tuned mass damper", which is also the largest damper in the world. A huge steel ball weighing 660 metric tons was hung on the 88th-92nd floors, and the swing was used to slow down the swing of the building. There are two fastest elevators in the building that have been listed in the Guinness Book of World Records and used for observation deck. The maximum ascending speed can reach 10 10 meter per minute, which is equivalent to 60 kilometers per hour. It takes only 39 seconds from the 0 th floor of 65438+ to the indoor observation deck on the 89 th floor. It takes only 37 seconds from the 5th floor to the 89th floor indoor observation deck. The maximum speed of descending can reach 600 meters per minute, and it takes only 46 seconds to go from the 89th floor to the 5th floor and 48 seconds to 1 building.
Fifth place Shanghai World Financial Center
Shanghai World Financial Center is located atNo. century avenue 100, Pudong New Area, Lujiazui, Shanghai, adjacent to the Shanghai Tower which will be completed soon. It is a project centered on Mori Building Company of Japan, with more than 40 enterprises from Japan and the United States as partners, with a total investment of over 654.38+005 billion yen (over 654.38+000 billion US dollars). The original design was 460 meters high, but it was later revised to 492 meters. The project covers an area of 30,000 square meters, with a total construction area of 38 1600 square meters, adjacent to Jinmao Building. Completed on August 29th, 2008. Cost: 7.3 billion RMB.
Shanghai World Financial Center has a total of 104 floors (above ground10/floor and 3 underground floors), of which 94- 100 floors are sightseeing floors. Among them, the bottom of the inverted trapezoid is a 97-story sightseeing overpass, and the top is a 100 story, and a VIP sightseeing pavilion about 55 meters long is set up. Sightseeing facilities are located at the 94th floor to 100 floor of Shanghai World Financial Center. The world's tallest sightseeing hall was born on the 100 floor. The 97th floor is like an overpass floating in the air. The 94th floor, with the panoramic view of the city as the background, provides an exchange space for holding various activities. There are two typhoon dampers on the 90th floor (about 395m) of the building, each weighing150t. The sensor is used to measure the shaking degree of the building when it encounters wind, and the moving direction of the damper is controlled by computer calculation to reduce the shaking of the building caused by strong wind. These two kinds of dampers will also become the highest automatic control dampers in the world at that time. Shanghai World Financial Center is a comprehensive building with office as its main function and integrating business, hotel, sightseeing, conference and other facilities. The 94th to 10 1 floors of the building are sightseeing floors, the 79th to 93rd floors will be built into super five-star hotels, the 7th to 77th floors will be office buildings, the 3rd to 5th floors will be conference rooms, the 2nd to 3rd floors underground will be commercial facilities, and the 3rd to 6th floors underground are planned to have about 1 100 parking spaces.
The design of the world financial center has caused controversy. The original design was 460 meters high and 94 stories high. It was originally expected to be the tallest building in the world when it was completed. Later, due to the Asian financial crisis, the project was suspended for six years until February 2003 13. At that time, its design height had been surpassed by other skyscraper construction plans. After returning to work, the design scheme of the building was revised, adding 32 meters (7 floors). Besides height, there is also shape. William Patterson, president of KPF, said that the design of the financial center was originally inspired by the understanding of "heaven and earth" in China traditional culture, meaning a perfect place. Moreover, the "round hole" with a diameter of 50 meters is the size of the second ball of the "Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower" not far away, and the hollow round hole and the solid ball just form an artistic aesthetic feeling that echoes from afar. But in the eyes of some people, this idea also shows another image. At the earliest, some people used superstition to create momentum on the internet, pointing out that the big round hole on the roof looked too much like the Japanese sun flag from a distance. Because many people in Shanghai and China thought that the original design looked like two Japanese knives with Japanese flags, and the builders were Japanese companies, they put pressure on Shanghai World Financial Center Company, and some even resisted the establishment of the World Financial Center.
The center company immediately updated the design, and the original round hole was changed into a square hole. However, most people who don't hold this view think that this is just a sideline of nationalism. Some people think that the original circular scheme of the building is more beautiful, and the shape is also in line with the simplicity and streamline of one of the aesthetic viewpoints, and it is also more harmonious with the surrounding buildings with spherical design elements, such as the Oriental Pearl, Shanghai International Conference Center and so on. Others apply the traditional concept of "the sky is round" and think that the rectangular design is not bad.
6 World Trade Plaza, Hong Kong
Hong Kong World Trade Center, referred to as ICC, is located at 1 Austin Road West, West Kowloon, Hong Kong. It is the seventh and last development project of Union Square in Hong Kong. Wholly owned by Sun Hung Kai Properties. It was fully completed in October11May, with a cost of about 20 billion RMB.
The exterior of the building was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates(KPF), a world-famous architectural company. With a height of 490 meters and a floor of 1 18, it is the tallest building in Hong Kong at present. There is a "skyline 100" Hong Kong observation deck on the 0/00 floor of the building/kloc, which is the only place in Hong Kong with a 360-degree view of Hong Kong scenery. Ritz-Carlton Hong Kong is located at the top floor of the building 102 to 1 18. It is the highest hotel in the world and enjoys panoramic views on both sides of Victoria Harbour. In this building, people can climb the highest indoor observation deck in Hong Kong on the 100 floor-"Skyline 100 Hong Kong Observation Deck" and enjoy the beautiful scenery of Hong Kong in 360 degrees. Or stay at the Ritz-Carlton Hong Kong 102 to 1 18 floors and have a sleep in mid-air. The World Trade Plaza is just opposite the second phase of Central International Finance Center. They are like a gate erected in Victoria Harbour, welcoming ships entering and leaving Victoria Harbour every day. Anchored ships enter and leave Victoria Harbour. Every night, the two external walls of the building will be transformed into the largest screens in the world, and two LED lighting animations and music performances of "ICC Sound and Glory Victoria Harbour" will be staged.
This performance broke the Guinness World Record and became the world's "largest lighting music animation on a single building"!
No.7 Kuala Lumpur Oil Twin Towers (alias: Twin Towers)
Kuala Lumpur Oil Twin Towers, located in the northwest corner of downtown Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, belong to the first phase of this planning area. It used to be the tallest skyscraper in the world, and it is still the tallest twin towers in the world. The building is 452 meters high and has 88 floors above ground. The tower includes an office area of over 743,200 ㎡, shopping and entertainment facilities of139,350 ㎡, an underground parking lot with 4,500 parking spaces, an oil museum, a concert hall and a multimedia conference center. The independence tower looks like two huge corns, so it is also called the Twin Towers. Cost: RM 2 billion.
The design of the Twin Towers is based on the introduction of international competition and the famous Cesar Paley &; Ideas put forward by partners). The layout of the whole building adopts the common geometric shapes of traditional Muslim buildings, including squares and circles. The design style embodies Kuala Lumpur's young, moderate and modern urban personality and highlights the unique concept of landmark landscape design. Stainless steel and glass are widely used in building surfaces. The construction unit of the Twin Towers is Samsung Property. The project started on February 27th 1993 and was completed on February 27th 1998. It is two independent towers connected by a platform. Between floors 4 1 and 42 of the two main buildings, there is an overpass with a length of 58.4 meters and a height of 170 meters from the ground. The air corridor connecting the twin towers is the highest overpass in the world at present. The Petronas Towers, 452 meters high, broke the 22-year record of the Sears Building in Chicago, USA, and became a unique giant building in the world at that time. The Petronas Twin Towers is the comprehensive office building of Petronas Malaysia, and it is also a good place for tourists to overlook Kuala Lumpur from the clouds. The Twin Towers and the adjacent Kuala Lumpur Tower are both famous landmarks and symbols of Kuala Lumpur.
Zifeng building no.8
Zifeng Mansion is located in Gulou Square, Gulou District, Nanjing, at the northwest corner of Gulou turntable, at the intersection of Zhongyang Road and Zhongshan North Road, and at the northwest side of Exit 4 of Gulou Station of Nanjing Metro 1 Line. The developers are Shanghai Greenland Group and Nanjing State-owned Assets Group. Zifeng Mansion is located in Drum Tower Square, east to Central Road and west to Beijing West Road, surrounded by Xuanwu Lake, Arctic Pavilion, Drum Tower, Ming City Wall and other historical sites. This area is the center of Nanjing's main urban area and the commanding height of the city, and its surrounding prospects are panoramic: Zijinshan in the east, Yangtze River in the west, Yuhuatai in the south and Shogun Mountain in the north. 20 10 12 18, the building was officially completed. Like Shanghai Jinmao Tower, Zifeng Tower was designed by SOM, a world expert in skyscraper design. The building area is 1872 1 m2. A 1 The total construction area of the plot is about 260,000 square meters. There are two towers (the main building and the auxiliary building) with one high and one low in the base, and the two towers are connected into a whole building group through a commercial podium. The main building has 89 floors above ground and 3 floors underground, with a total height of 450m and a roof height of 389m m.
The building is equipped with more than 1000 motor vehicle parking spaces, which is more than 800 motor vehicle parking spaces in Shanghai Jinmao Building. Cost: about 4 billion RMB. Zifeng Building is outlined by two sets of green and blue glass respectively. Because Zifeng Mansion has a high positioning, its facade glass installation method is also different from the common plane type, criss-crossing like Longlin. The design and installation method of this new curtain wall glass is unique in the world. It is very difficult to make and install, and the special lighting is beautiful. Nanjing Zifeng Mansion is a comprehensive building with office as its main function and integrating business, hotel, sightseeing, conference and other facilities. The building is equipped with a six-star hotel (about 65,000 square meters) and a Grade A office building (about 55,000 square meters, with 24 floors above the ground and an effective height of 99.7 meters. Its main function is a Grade A office building (about 2 1.000 square meters). The podium has 6 floors above ground and 7 floors locally, with an effective height of 37 meters above ground and 44 meters locally. Its main functions are shopping center (about 45,000 square meters) and rooms attached to the hotel. There are 4 floors underground, and the main functions are shopping malls, parking garages and equipment rooms (about 6 1000 square meters). The office height of the main building is 4.2m, the hotel height is 3.8m, the auxiliary building height is 4m, and the commercial floor height is 6m. The whole building has more than 50 vertical elevators and more than 30 escalators to ensure the flow of people and traffic and the quality of the whole building. The 72nd floor is the sightseeing floor, where visitors can enjoy the panoramic view of Nanjing.
Look at Xuanwu Lake, which is as big as a footbath, higher than Toutuoling Park Park in Zijin Mountain 1. 1 m, 448.9 m.
Future Group Building 9 (Sears Building)
Willis Tower, formerly known as Sears Tower, is located in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Weilai Group Building was designed by Bruce Graham, an architect of SOM Architectural Design Office, and Fazlur Khan, a structural engineer. The whole construction period is less than two and a half years, and it was completed on 1974, with a height of 443 meters. The total construction area is 418000m2, with 1 10 floors above ground and 3 floors underground. The bottom plane is 68.7×68.7 meters, which consists of 9 squares, and the square is 22.9 meters. There are no extra columns in these squares, and tenants can separate them as needed. The whole building plane shrinks in sections with the increase of floors. Cut off two diagonal squares on the 5 1 layer, two other diagonal squares on the 67th layer, three squares on the 9 1 layer, leaving two squares on the top. There are 4.5 million square feet of office and business space inside.
Weilai Group Building 1974 was completed, surpassing New York World Trade Center and becoming the tallest building in the world at that time. Until the completion of the Taipei 10 1 tower in 2004, Weilai Group Building maintained the title of "the highest roof in the world" and "the highest living floor in the world". According to the committee's method for judging the height of four types of buildings used in high-rise buildings and urban settlements, and the total height behind the roof antenna is 527.3 meters, Weilai Group Building still holds the world record title of "total height with antenna" among the four highest titles.
When Weilai Group Building was completed, it was named "Sears Building".
On July 6, 2009, 65438 was officially renamed as Weilai Group Building. The building cost $3.9 billion. The shape of the building is like nine square hollow packages of different heights, straight, neat, concise and steady. The facade forms in different directions are different, which breaks through the rigid and symmetrical modelling technique of ordinary high-rise buildings. This bundle tube structure system is the result of the combination of architectural design and structural innovation.
About 16500 people come to work in Weilai Group Building every day. There is an observation deck on the 103 floor for tourists to overlook the whole city. 4 12 meters above the ground, you can see four States in the United States when the weather is clear.
10 Jingji100 (441.80m)
Jingji 100(KK 100), formerly known as Jingji Financial Center, has a building height of 44 1.8m and a floor of * * 100. It is the tallest building in Shenzhen at present, located in Luohu District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China. Designed by ——TFP and ARUP, two internationally renowned architectural design companies from Britain, and undertaken by China Construction Fourth Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd., Jingji 100 is a world-class landmark under Jingji Group, a Shenzhen real estate enterprise, and the tallest building invested and built by domestic private real estate enterprises. He has maintained many China and world records and won many world-class awards. The total land area of Jingji 100 urban complex project is 42,353.96m2, including 35,990.16m2 and 60,2401.75m2.. It consists of Jingji 100 building and 7 relocation and resettlement buildings, with a total investment of nearly 5 billion yuan. The project is located in Caiwuwei Financial Center, Luohu District, covering 74% of banking institutions, 80% of insurance institutions and 40% of securities institutions in the city, concentrating 60% of the financial assets of the city and 90% of foreign banks, with unique regional value.
Jingji 100 Building was designed by internationally renowned architectural design companies-TFP and ARUP in the UK. With a height of 44 1.8m, this building is the landmark of 10 skyscraper in the world, with a total construction area of 220,000m2. Jingji 100, a dual landmark representing China's technical height and spiritual symbol, has adopted an aspect ratio of 9.5: 1 in the overall design and construction of the building, which is the highest in China. The maximum thickness of steel plate used in Jingji 100 has reached 130mm, and the amount of steel used for construction has reached 60,000 tons, which is the first case in Shenzhen and even the whole country. When all welds are connected, the cumulative length can circle the equator of the earth, and C80 high-strength cement with higher strength and toughness is used, which is the first time in skyscrapers in China. As another new landmark in Shenzhen, Jingji 100 broke the records of SEG and Wang Di, which is a new embodiment of China's economic and technological development.