1892 65438+ 10 month (another way of saying it is189165438+February).
Founded by Dr. james naismith, a teacher at the YMCA Training School in Field, Massachusetts, USA. He is not reforming a sport, but inventing a sport. He just wanted to invent an indoor sport for the students of the YMCA training college, and his invention caused a positive response. At first, he nailed two baskets of peaches at both ends of the stands upstairs in the school gymnasium, used football as a game tool and threw the peaches into the baskets. Later, it was changed into a hoop and hung on the Internet. Later, I cut the net and made the basket look like today. In order to improve basketball, a new sport, he formulated the rule of 18 in 1892, and then gradually revised and added the terms, and the number of people gradually decreased until each team required five people, which became a modern basketball sport.
Modern basketball size
Basketball has a volume of 7800mL and a diameter of 24.62cm.
basketball court
The basketball playing field should be a rectangular solid plane without obstacles.
The length and width of the Olympic basketball competition venue and the World Basketball Championship venue are 28m and15m respectively. The length and width of other competitions can be reduced by 4 meters and 2 meters, and the change is in direct proportion. The spacing shall be measured from the inner edge of the boundary.
All new stadiums must meet the requirements of FIBA: 28m long and15m wide.
The ceiling or the lowest obstacle should be at least 7 meters high.
The boundary of the long side is called the sideline, and the boundary of the short side is called the end line. All lines on the court must be very clear with a line width of 0.05m (5cm).
Draw a horizontal line parallel to the end line from the midpoint of the sideline, which is called the center line. The center line shall extend 0. 15m (15cm) to the outside of the two side lines.
Draw a circle with the midpoint of the center line as the center and 1.80m as the radius (the radius is measured from the outer edge of the circle), which is called the middle circle.
The three-point shooting area is the ground area defined by two arches on the field. Throw three points outside this area.
The penalty area is a semi-circular area with the penalty line as the center and the radius of 1.80m outside the penalty area, which is the area where penalty is executed.
The ground area formed by drawing two lines from both ends of the penalty line to the place 3 meters away from the midpoint of the end line (all measured from the outer edge) is called the restricted area. Its function is: when the ball is under the control of the team, limit the players to stay in the opponent's penalty area for no more than 3 seconds.
basic skill
1. Hold the ball 2 dribble 3. Catch 4. Shoot 5. Laying 6. Dunk 7. Pass 8. Steal 9. Block 10. rebound
A feint/stunt
1. Change dribbling 2. Change layup 3. Deception in eyes 4. False shot 5. Sports trend 6. Fake shot and true pass
Breakthrough and Breakthrough Prevention
1. Press forward, stride with the ball, and rely on the breakthrough.
2. cross in front and dribble continuously behind.
3. Change the line at close range and dribble on the left side of the right hand.
4. Back against the person, shake your shoulders left and right, and shake the defender to turn and break the door.
Basic rule
Basketball rules formulated by naismith
Basketball is played by hand, the ball is round, and the thugs are not allowed to dribble.
② Walking or running with the ball in hand is not allowed;
(3) Athletes can go anywhere on the field as long as it does not affect or hinder other athletes;
④ Physical contact between athletes is not allowed;
⑤ The hoop should be horizontal.
According to these five basic principles, Mr. naismith made the most primitive rules of basketball match. There are 13 original basketball competition rules. The basic content of article 13 is:
1. Players can throw the ball in any direction with one hand or both hands.
2. Players can catch the ball in any direction with one hand or both hands, but they must never hit the ball with their fists.
Players can't take the ball away.
You must hold the ball with your hand, but you are not allowed to kick the ball with your head and feet.
5. Players are not allowed to use shoulder bump, hand pull, hand push, hand bump, foot trip and other methods to deal with opposing players. Any player who violates this rule is regarded as the first foul and will be forced to stop playing until he hits the target. If you intentionally hurt the opposing player, you will be disqualified from participating in the whole game and will not be allowed to substitute.
6. It is against rules 3 and 4 to hit the ball with fists.
7. If either side fouls three times in a row, it is counted as the other side's goal. Continuous foul refers to: during a period of time, the opposing team members did not foul, while their own team members fouled continuously.
8. If the defender doesn't touch or interfere with the ball, when the ball is thrown into the basket and stays in it, it is considered a basket. If the ball stops at the basket and the other team touches the basket, it is also a fortune teller.
9. When the ball is out of bounds, the ball will be thrown into the field by the first person who touches it. If there is an argument, the referee will throw the ball into the field. Throw a foul ball for five seconds. After more than 5 seconds, the ball was awarded to the opponent.
10. The referee is the referee of the player, and he has the right to call a foul. But if the referee shields the team, his license will be revoked. When a team fouls three times in a row, he will notify the assistant referee. He has the right to declare an athlete disqualified.
1 1. The assistant referee is the referee of the player. He can decide the time of the ball in the game, he should calculate the time, decide the hitting of the ball, record the hitting times of the ball, and bear the responsibility that the referee should bear at ordinary times.
12. The game will be played in two 20 minutes with a 5-minute break.
13. The team that hits the ball the most wins. If there is a draw, with the consent of both captains, the game can be postponed until another goal is scored.
Although the original 13 basketball competition rules are not systematic and complete, and some terms are not clear enough, they have played a great role in promoting the development of basketball in the early stage. Especially, basketball has developed into a modern basketball sport today, with higher technical and tactical level and more important rules. It requires strict, scientific and systematic management of basketball competition rules.
Main position
point guard
(PG) (west base)
The point guard has the most chances to get the ball on the court. He wants to bring the ball safely from the backcourt to the frontcourt, and then pass it to other teammates so that others can score. A qualified point guard must be able to pass the ball across the half court without any problem when only one person is defending. Then, he must have good passing ability, and he can pass the ball where it should go most of the time: sometimes it is a gap in shooting, and sometimes it is a better guide. Simply put, he wants to make the ball smooth, and he wants to be able to pass the ball to the place where it is easiest to score. Furthermore, he should organize his own team's attack and make his teammates' attack more smooth.
There are other requirements for the point guard. In terms of scoring, the player who controls the ball is often the team's last scorer, which means that unless other teammates don't have a good chance to shoot, he won't shoot easily. Or to put it another way, his scoring ability is very strong. He uses his scoring ability to destroy the opponent's defense and create opportunities for his teammates. In short, there is an unchangeable principle for the point player: if any teammate has a better chance to play on the spot than him, he will definitely give the ball to the teammate with a better chance.
Famous figures: Magic Johnson, John stockton, Isaiah Thomas, Jason Kidd, Steve Nash, robertjoseph cousy, Lanny wilkens, gary payton, Chauncey Billups, chris paul, Deron Williams, Tony Parker, Derek Cross, Rajon Rondo and Russell Westbrook.
shooting guard
(SG) (Cies Coltat)
The shooting guard takes scoring as his main task. He is the second leading scorer in the field after the small forward, but he doesn't need to practice singles skills like the small forward because his teammates often help him find a gap and shoot. But because of this, his outside shot and stability are very good.
Shooting guards often have to do two things. First, there is a good gap to shoot the outside line, so his outside line must be accurate and stable. Otherwise, if teammates try their best to block a good opportunity but fail to score, it will do a great blow to the morale and confidence of the whole team. The second is to find a small gap to throw an outside line, so he has to be quick. A good shooting guard can't expect such a good gap every time. He should be able to find shooting opportunities in a short time, and his shooting percentage should be at a certain level. This can stall the enemy's defense, and the defensive circle must be opened, which is more conducive to teammates' attack in the restricted area.
Celebrities: Michael Jordan, Kobe Bryant, oscar robertson, Jerry West, Bill Sharman, Crede drexler, George Gwen, Earl Monroe, Joe Du Masi, reggie miller, ray allen, Allen Iverson, Dwyane Wade.
small forward
(science fiction)
Small forward is the team's most important scorer. The most fundamental requirement for a small forward is to score, and it is a long-distance score. As soon as the small forward receives the ball, his first thought is how to put the ball into the basket. He may rebound, but it is not necessary; He may pass the ball well, but it is not necessary; He may bounce well, but it's still unnecessary; He may defend well, but it's still unnecessary. The basic job of a small forward is to score, score and score again.
Small forward is the position with the lowest requirement for shooting percentage. Generally speaking, as long as 45% is qualified, more than 40% is acceptable. Of course, there is a premise that he wants to score goals. If a small forward averages seven or eight points per game and hits only 40%, it is better to let him sit on the bench. On the other hand, why can the shooting percentage of small forwards be lower? Because he is the main scorer in the team, he often has to take the initiative to look for opportunities to shoot, stabilize the morale of the army at some moments, and even boost morale by singling out opponents in more difficult ways, and even give opponents a fright and a head-on blow. So the small forward will have more chances to shoot, or it may be a bad chance, so we can allow him to play lower, as long as he can score.
Celebrities: larry bird, elgin baylor, Julius Erving, john havlicek, Scott Pippen, dominique wilkins, rick barry, james worthy, lebron james, Paul Arikin, Alex Ingrid, Paul Pearce, Cameron Anthony, Kevin Durant and Tracy McGrady.
power forward
(PF) (Siala -pivot)
The task of power forward in the team is very important. Rebound, defense and blocking are all indispensable to him. Power forward can be said to be an indispensable role in a game. Power forward is neither the weakest nor the strongest. This is not to say that anyone can be a power forward. The physical quality of power forward should be hard enough, and speed, jumping ability and strength are indispensable. Rebound requires speed, toughness and strength. If you don't have the speed, you may get a rebound before you are ready. If the toughness is poor, it is easy for people with good toughness to rebound. Without strength, rebounding is not your job at all. The first job of power forward is to rebound. Power forward is usually the person who rebounds the most and creates the most scoring opportunities in the team. If there is no power forward, the center alone can't grab a few rebounds. He is stuck in the penalty area, cooperates with the center and often provokes the rebounding task of the whole team. When attacking, he often helps his teammates to block people, and then tries to squeeze in to grab rebounds and carry out the second wave of attack after his teammates shoot. Power forward will not have many shooting opportunities, but it will not be less, and the shooting position is often close to the basket, and the shooting percentage is also high. In terms of five positions on the court, power forward should be the one with the highest hit rate, and a good power forward should reach more than 55%. But because scoring is not his strong point, he can score few points, but he must grab more rebounds. In addition, Hotpot's defensive ability is naturally necessary for power forward, because he wants to consolidate the restricted area, and defense is of course important.
Celebrities: Tim Duncan, karl malone, Bob Petit, Kevin Garnett, Charles Buckley, Dirk Nowitzki, kevin mchale, Dave de Bouchere, dennis rodman, jerry lucas, chris webber, chris bosh, Pau Gasol, Blake Griffin, Kevin Love, Lammers Aldridge.
centre
(c) (west fulcrum)
Cooperate with power forward to rebound, pass and dribble.
First of all, since he lives in the restricted area, rebounding is absolutely indispensable. But not as high as power forward in rebounding. Again, the restricted area is a battleground for all teams. Of course, opponents can't attack it easily, so the ability to block attacks and build hot pot is also indispensable. When attacking, the center often has the opportunity to stand in the penalty area near the free throw line (which is the center of the whole attack field) to catch the ball. At this time, he should also have good ball guiding ability and send the ball to a more suitable corner. The above three items are the basic skills that a center should have. In the team, the center is often responsible for scoring. He is the main inside scorer, corresponding to the inside and outside small forward. Because he wants to play singles, his shooting percentage can be lower, but his shooting position is often closer to the basket, so his shooting percentage is higher. Generally speaking, 52% can be used as a standard. The requirement of center's hit rate is second only to that of power forward. In attack, the center should have the ability to play singles near the basket, and he should be able to play singles with his back to the basket. Turning shot is the most common one, while jumping and hooking are more difficult to defend. Defensively, to be a good center, you should not only defend the players you should watch, but also help your teammates defend in time. To put it simply, if an enemy player bypasses his teammates' defense and enters the basket, the center should have the courage to make peace, while one person guards and defends his own restricted area. Of course, it doesn't mean that you can't leak it every time, but you always have the ability to "help". If a center can only keep his own people, it is not enough (unless the opponent is a super offensive center)
Famous figures: wilt chamberlain, bill russell, Karim Abdul Jabbar, Shaq O 'Neill, Hakim Olajuwon, George McCann, david robinson, Luke thurmond, moses malone, Bill Walton, Patrick Ewing, Allonzot Mourning, Robert Parrish, Dave Cowens, Yao Ming, Dwight Howard and Andrew Bynum.
Basketball term
(1) Dunk: An athlete holds the ball with one hand or both hands, jumps in the air, and directly pours the ball into the basket from top to bottom.
(2) Make-up: When the shot is missed, the athlete jumps in the air to make up the ball in the basket.
(3) Block: The attacker blocks the defender behind him with his footwork. This kind of footwork is called blocking position (mostly used for rebounding, blocking position has rules).
(4) Catch the ball: move along the passing flight direction to facilitate catching the ball.
(5) Dislocation defense: The defender stands next to the attacker he defends and prevents him from catching the ball, which is called dislocation defense.
(6) Important position: The attacker blocks the defender behind him with his body and occupies a favorable position to catch the ball.
(7) Breakthrough: Break through the defender with the ball.
(8) Empty cut: The attacker ran to the basket empty-handed.
(9) One pass: The receiver passes the ball 1 time from defense to attack.
(10) Blocking: When the attacker shoots, the defender tries to hit the ball out of the air.
(1 1) Complement: When 1 defender loses the correct defensive position, other 1 defenders make up the correct defensive position in time.
(12) Assist in defense: assist in defending peers.
(13) Press defense: Keep close to the attacker, and constantly threaten the opponent's ball control safety or prevent the opponent from receiving the ball with offensive and defensive actions.
(14) Oblique insertion: Run diagonally from the sideline to the basket or the center of the field.
(15) Time difference: When shooting, in order to avoid the cover of the opponent's defense, the air block is used to change the shooting time.
(16) serve: The offensive player without the ball takes the initiative to grab the position and receive the ball.
(17) Landing: disposal of both sides.
(18) Coordination: The attacker receives and transfers the ball through the tactical coordination organized by the players in the frontcourt or the middle of the whole court, resulting in attack opportunities such as empty cutting, bypassing cutting and covering.
(19) bottom slide: when attacking, stand near the sideline and run along the baseline to the sideline of the opponent.
(20) One-to-one: one person to one person.
(2 1) There is also a penalty, that is, when the attacking player with the ball is fouled by the defending party while shooting, when the goal is scored, the goal will be counted as valid and punished.
(22) Chemical reaction: used to describe the overall state of a team, including player state, team cooperation state, coach's tactical arrangement, etc.
(23) Whistle ball: usually refers to scoring at the last moment in a limited time game. As long as you shoot and throw the ball before the whistle blows, you will get points. No matter how long the ball stays in the air. If the ball was shot after the whistle sounded, no score was scored.
(24) Answer the ball: In the basketball game, after one player hits the ball, the other player immediately returns the ball to the other side in the same way.