[Preface]
The frequency, scope and degree of college students' psychological problems are accelerating. Statistics show: "In the mid-1980s, 23%~25% of college students in China had psychological barriers, which rose to 25% in the 1990s and reached 30% in recent years, and the number of students with psychological barriers is still increasing". [1] We have to pay more attention to the mental health of college students. Ren Changshun pointed out in "Investigation on the Influence of Different Sports on College Students' Mental Health Level" that "the college period is a critical period for college students to form good psychological habits and gradually mature their psychology. In recent years, with the change of modern people's understanding of health, the mental health problems of college students have attracted more and more attention. College is also the period with the greatest psychological changes in one's life. They should not only deal with the psychological problems brought by physiological changes, but also deal with the psychological contradictions brought by social environment changes, and they are often in complex psychological contradictions. It is inevitable to encounter all kinds of mental health problems "[2]. Zeng Siqing mentioned in "Ways to Cultivate Students' Mental Health in Physical Education in Colleges and Universities" that "the most important treatment for mental illness is behavioral therapy" [3], while Liu Weiping and Li Ping think that physical education has unique advantages in this respect. In the cultural class with thinking activities as the main activity mode, students' psychological thoughts and external behaviors are not suitable for expression, so the implementation of mental health education in the classroom is mainly based on rational preaching, and students' subjective participation level is only at a low level. In contrast, physical practice class has the characteristics of group, competition, arduousness, entertainment, release and externality, so it can be regarded as the epitome of social activities, or as a simulation game of social activities. People who are immersed in physical practice class activities will feel rich and varied stimuli, and will also experience almost the same mental hardships and psychological conflicts as social activities. Therefore, it is easier to effectively combine the cultivation of students' mental health awareness with the cultivation of mental health behavior, so that students can actively strengthen the subject participation, fully experience, comprehend and internalize, and then attach themselves to practice and directly accept the test of practice in the process of integrating mental health education into classroom sports activities. [4] It is precisely because of the advantages of sports in this respect that more and more experts and scholars begin to pay attention to the positive impact of sports on mental health education. Starting from the usual classroom teaching, this topic mainly studies the positive influence of sports itself on mental health, the different influences of various teaching methods on students' psychology and the evaluation of mental health education, so that it is more operational and feasible for physical education teachers to infiltrate and implement mental health education in the classroom physical education teaching process, thus promoting the formation of college students' healthy psychology and reducing the occurrence of psychological problems.
[theme]
The university stage is the last stage for people to receive systematic school education, and it is also the last stage before people enter the society. Most students leave their parents and live and study alone, including the distress from daily life, the contradiction with their classmates, the difficulties and setbacks in learning and the employment pressure brought by graduating from college and entering the society. Therefore, in "How to Improve College Students' Mental Health in College Physical Education Teaching", Gao Dana pointed out that this stage is "the period of greatest psychological change in one's life" [5]; At the same time, we have to deal with psychological problems caused by physiological changes, so we are often in complex psychological contradictions. It is inevitable to encounter all kinds of mental health problems.
First of all, exercise itself will have a positive impact on mental health.
The most important treatment for mental illness is behavioral therapy. Yu Yong's research on "physical education and mental health education" shows that physical exercise plays a great role in promoting mental health because of its own characteristics.
"1, physical exercise can improve cognitive ability.
Every sport in physical exercise requires athletes to make quick and accurate judgments and perceptions of external things, so as to quickly coordinate their bodies and ensure the completion of actions. Engaged in long-term exercise can promote the development of people's perceptual ability, improve people's reaction speed and perceptual judgment ability, and make people agile and flexible.
2. Physical exercise can get a good emotional experience.
Physical exercise can bring smooth emotional experience, which is an ideal internal emotional experience state. In this state, people can devote themselves to sports and have direct interest and enjoyment from the activity itself, which is an emotional state that cannot be produced in study, homework and communication. Research shows that strenuous exercise can reduce people's emotional burden, and even reduce the psychological burden caused by mental stress accidents.
3. Physical exercise can strengthen "self-concept" and have a positive impact on self-esteem.
"Self-concept" is the sum of individuals' subjective views and feelings about themselves. Self-concept is relatively stable, which plays a great role in adapting to the formation of social personality. A large number of studies show that physical exercise can make self-concept clear.
Significant improvement, muscle strength, emotional stability and extroversion are positively correlated, and individual self-concept is significantly enhanced through strength training.
4. Physical exercise can coordinate interpersonal relationships.
With the development of society and the acceleration of the pace of life, many people feel more and more lack of proper social contact and interpersonal communication. Sports activities are a good form to increase contact between people. In the activity, * * * exercises together, competes with each other, cooperates with each other and communicates with each other, which can make individuals forget their troubles and fatigue, eliminate loneliness, make them feel comfortable physically and mentally, and produce a good emotional state.
5. Physical activity can reduce stress reaction and eliminate fatigue.
Stress refers to the individual's response to stressors or stimuli. Exercise causes the human brain to release a natural synthetic sedative-endorphin, which can block the chemical reactions related to stress in the brain when it works. Research shows that physical exercise can improve physiological functions such as maximal oxygen uptake and maximal muscle strength, thus reducing fatigue.
6. Physical exercise can prevent and treat mental illness.
Anxiety and depression are the most common emotional troubles that students encounter. North et al.' s research in 1990 shows that one-time activities and long-term physical exercise can effectively reduce depression; Physical exercise can reduce trait depression and state depression. Physical exercise can alleviate the depression of normal people and mental patients, while aerobic exercise (low intensity, long time) and anaerobic exercise (high intensity, short time) can alleviate depression. The combination of physical exercise and psychotherapy can effectively reduce depression. " [6]
The teaching process is purposeful and planned. According to the specific teaching content, we can dig out the materials with mental health education, so as to "improve and mediate the psychological state of college students, make them adapt to the heavy study life and pressure from all sides, establish positive ideological and will quality, cultivate students' healthy personality of self-reliance, self-reliance and self-love, and lay a good foundation for success in society." Secondly, sports activities are carried out in a certain social environment, always in contact with the crowd. Efforts should be made to control and restrain one's inner conflicts in activities, which will have a positive impact on cultivating and coordinating interpersonal relationships, expanding social contacts, and observing basic ethics and behavioral norms in public life. " [7] At the same time, through different sports activities and teaching methods and means in the teaching process, psychological contradictions can be alleviated, various psychological problems such as depression and anxiety can be eliminated, psychological state can be adjusted, and psychological balance can be maintained.
Second, the means of mental health education in physical education.
1. Different teaching contents will have different psychological education functions. "Track and field cultivate students' good psychological qualities such as courage, perseverance, determination, perseverance, enterprising, pioneering and hard work. " [8] ; " In ball teaching, advocating the spirit of collectivism, winning without arrogance, losing with grace, and fighting bravely can cultivate good psychological quality of caring for others and caring for the collective. " [9] ; " Tai Ji Chuan particularly emphasized the practice of "bosom friend" kung fu, and the stages of "bosom friend" and "bosom friend" were also the stages of "bosom friend". By practicing "bosom friend" kungfu, Tai Ji Chuan practitioners can obviously improve their understanding of "self". The improvement of self-concept and self-esteem is very beneficial to the cultivation of sound personality of practitioners. " [ 10] ; " Swimming, skating, vault and parallel bars have both performance styles and challenges, which require students to constantly overcome their timidity of being afraid of wrestling and taking risks, so as to overcome difficulties and obstacles "[11]; Sports dance can enhance interpersonal communication and friendship, meet people's spiritual needs, improve people's ability to respond, adapt and express themselves, and enhance people's self-confidence. [ 12] ; Aerobics and rhythmic gymnastics classes are one of the best forms for people to exchange ideas, dispel emotions, eliminate barriers and communicate with each other. With the beautiful music, people's self-enclosed consciousness has been completely liberated here, and the harmonious, harmonious and elegant atmosphere in the activity can also enhance people's awareness and desire for communication. [13] Liu Weimin and Li Ping also thought in the Outline of Implementing Mental Health Education in Physical Education: "In physical education, we can use the sports characteristics of different sports to teach students in accordance with their aptitude. For example, for those students who are introverted, inarticulate and unsociable, they can participate in group activities, such as football, basketball, volleyball, relay running, tug of war and so on. And use more incentives to provide opportunities for speech and practice, so as to change his withdrawn personality, gradually adapt to communication with his peers, and form a gregarious psychological set; For those students who are hesitant and not decisive enough, they can take part in more responsive activities such as table tennis, tennis, badminton, hurdles and fencing, and put forward strict and rigid requirements in practice to cultivate their strong will, determination and perseverance; For those students who are timid, afraid of adventure and embarrassed, they can take part in adventure activities such as swimming, skating, skiing, boxing, wrestling and balance beam. , so as to cultivate their spiritual quality of courage to cross obstacles; For those students who are impatient and impulsive, they can take part in persistent endurance activities, such as playing chess, Tai Ji Chuan, jogging, hiking, swimming, cycling and shooting. , so as to cultivate their own self-control ability and change the characteristics of impatience and impulsiveness; Students who are not confident in doing things can participate in simple activities such as skipping rope, push-ups, radio exercises, running, etc., so that they can easily see their progress, affirm their progress in time, improve their sense of accomplishment, and thus increase their self-confidence; For those conceited and unconventional students, we can let them participate in more difficult activities such as diving, gymnastics, marathon, rhythmic gymnastics, or let them compete with opponents who are taller than themselves to change their pride. For those students who are nervous about something, they can take part in fierce competitions such as football, basketball and volleyball, so that they can exercise their psychological quality of calm thinking in intense practice and competition. " [ 14]
2. Some studies pay attention to the different effects of different teaching methods on mental health. Xiong Yahong and others think in "Discussion on College Students' Mental Health and Physical Education Teaching Mode":
"1", a small group learning method, strengthens the cultivation of sense of responsibility, creativity, cooperation and competition, and greatly promotes the establishment of good interpersonal relationships among students;
2) Simulation training and idea training can improve students' self-control, self-confidence and psychological adaptation and adjustment ability;
3) The creation of situational method can stimulate students' interest and emotion, make them gain positive feelings and understanding, produce positive inner experience, and finally internalize it into cognitive structure, and cultivate good ideological quality;
4) Process heuristic teaching method fundamentally solves the problem of how to make students learn.
5) Adjustment method can calm students' emotions and relieve their nervousness, which is an excellent method to relieve students' psychology. In addition, the commonly used methods are empathy experience method, role-playing method, cognitive correction method and game method [15].
3. Research shows that different teaching methods have different effects on students' psychology. Xiong Yahong and others put forward in "Discussion on College Students' Mental Health and Physical Education Teaching Mode":
"1), emphasizing changing the background environment of practice and improving students' psychological anti-interference ability and survival ability;
2) Strengthen the interaction between roles and status, and cultivate their organizational ability, adaptability and interpersonal skills, as well as good behavior quality of helping others;
3) Use the opposite sex effect to organize exercises, so that students can restrain their bad behavior in front of the opposite sex. Carry forward good ideological quality, cultivate and develop their healthy and upward personality;
4) Introduce the competition mechanism of sports competition to stimulate students' interest and achievement motivation. This will help students form a positive spirit and sense of competition, and improve their sense of independence and ability. " [ 16]
Third, the measurement and evaluation of implementing mental health education in physical education.
Hou Shixun and others put forward in "Discussion on Strengthening Mental Health Education in physical education class" that "the evaluation of students' mental health can promote students to learn mental health knowledge, establish mental health awareness, optimize psychological quality and form good personality psychology. The evaluation of mental health can be divided into two aspects: first, the theoretical knowledge is included in the theoretical examination paper of physical education curriculum to examine the students' mastery of mental health knowledge; The first is the mental health evaluation form, which comprehensively evaluates students' mental health status and feeds back the evaluation results to students, so that students can know their own situation and how to improve themselves in time. The implementation of this measure can not only grasp the dynamic of college students' mental health in time, but also provide scientific basis for effectively cultivating college students' psychological quality, and at the same time make up for the fragmentary problems existing in the current examination system. " [ 17]
In the Outline of Implementing Mental Health Education in Physical Education, Liu Weimin and Ping Li believed that the establishment of the evaluation index system of students' mental health education should be based on the physical and mental development characteristics of students at all levels and the specific objectives of implementing mental health education in physical education. Therefore, we should distinguish the different situations of primary school students, middle school students and college students, but the index system should include attitude towards learning, achievement motivation, adaptability, communication ability, behavior ability, creativity, foresight, emotional response ability and healthy personality. The specific method is the same as the method of measuring and evaluating the psychological load of students in physical education practice class, that is, the detailed standards of each main index are measured by educational observation method first, and then the comprehensive evaluation is made by fuzzy mathematics. " [ 18]
[Abstract]
Exercise itself will have a positive impact on mental health. In the teaching process, we can explore all kinds of good mental health education materials according to the function of physical education, and through different contents, different teaching methods and teaching means, with the help of scientific and feasible teaching evaluation, we can promote the formation of students' healthy psychology in a purposeful and planned way, thus promoting students' physical and mental health. "Infiltrating mental health education in physical education teaching is an inevitable requirement for the combination of physical education and health education, and it is also the need to play multiple functions of physical education." [ 19]
refer to
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[4] Liu Weimin and Li Ping. Conception of implementing mental health education in physical education [J], Journal of Hubei Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2003,23 (1):18-21.
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[9] Sun Xiuzhi. Physical Education and Mental Health Education [J]. Cangzhou Normal University, 2005. (3): 106- 107.
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[16] Xiong yahong, et al. Discussion on college students' mental health and physical education teaching mode [J]. Modern Education Science, 2005, (5):73-75
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[19] Xiong yahong, et al. Discussion on college students' mental health and physical education teaching mode [J]. Modern Education Science, 2005, (5):73-75