Types of swimming sports
Practical swimming
The swimming mode with great value in military, production and life service is called practical swimming. Such as freestyle, breaststroke, side stroke, snorkeling, still water swimming, water rescue, military swimming, backstroke and dog planing.
competitive swimming
Competitive swimming refers to swimming events that have specific technical requirements and compete according to the rules of swimming competition. Since the first Olympic Games (1896), swimming has been included in the official Olympic events. It can be divided into two categories: competitions in swimming pools and competitions in open waters. For example, freestyle, breaststroke, backstroke and butterfly are also called dolphin swimming and individual medley composed of these four kinds of swimming, as well as relay swimming. Competitive swimming mainly determines the ranking of swimming according to the speed, which is called competitive swimming according to the national swimming competition rules.
Competitive swimming originated in Britain and Australia, and was later introduced to other countries. From the middle of19th century to the beginning of 20th century, swimming competitions began to be popular all over the world, and swimming clubs were established one after another. The British Amateur Swimming Association, formerly known as the Metropolitan Swimming Association, was founded in 1869, which is the earliest national swimming association. From 1850 to 1860, there are international swimming competitions between Britain and Australia. 1894 When the International Olympic Games was established in Paris in June, swimming was listed as one of the Olympic events. FINA, International Amateur Swimming Federation, was founded in 1908.
water ballet
Synchronized swimming is also called artistic swimming.
Is a set of dance, gymnastics, swimming and other competitive sports, sports figure, swimsuit, headdress, music, movements have high requirements. It is divided into single, double and team events. Through the movement and music of athletes' limbs on the water, it shows all kinds of beautiful movements and artistic shapes, giving the masses a good enjoyment, so it is known as "water ballet".
Classification by swimming posture:
Common swimming postures are generally divided into crawl, breaststroke, butterfly and backstroke. Crawling is the fastest, breaststroke is beautiful, butterfly is the most explosive and backstroke is the least labor-saving.
improvisational theatre
1850, Australian Willis uses the swimming stroke in which his hands move forward on the water, which can be regarded as the embryonic form of freestyle. Later, John Trajan, a British swimmer, adopted the swimming style of crawling forward alternately with his chest, legs and hands in 1873. Later, Richard Carr, an Australian, created a' shallow water' kick based on the swimming styles of Trajan and Alex Wyham. Since then, the kicking of the legs has only changed a little. There are many forms of perfect cooperation in freestyle. Generally speaking, it is common to draw water twice, draw water six times and breathe 1 time.
breaststroke
It's a swimming posture that imitates frog's swimming action. In breaststroke, swimmers can easily observe whether there are obstacles ahead and avoid hitting them. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/8th century, breaststroke was called "breaststroke" in Europe. Because of the slow speed of breaststroke, there was no freestyle in the freestyle competition in the early 20 th century, and breaststroke did not swim as fast as other positions, which made breaststroke technology excluded. Later, FINA stipulated the swimming stroke, and the breaststroke technique was developed.
backstroke
The early backstroke just floated on the water, and then it was propelled by the kick of breaststroke. At the Olympic Games in 1900, swimmers began to use the way of moving their hands forward on the water, and the way of kicking the ground did not appear until the Stockholm Olympic Games in 19 12.
butterfly stroke
The butterfly stroke was first used by German swimmer erich Rademacher in the 1926 breaststroke competition. At that time, he still used the breaststroke kicking method. 1952 After the Olympic Games, FINA, the International Amateur Swimming Federation, decided to separate this swimming style from breaststroke, thus adding butterfly stroke, and swimmers can even use dolphin kick.
Common equipment for swimming.
swimsuit
Men usually wear swimming trunks, and a few people swim naked; Women usually wear swimsuits. A bathing suit must fit. If it is too big, it is easy to bring water when swimming, which will increase the weight and resistance of the body and affect the swimming action. Therefore, it is advisable to wear comfortable bathing suits and pants. As for quality, middle-aged and elderly people should choose pure wool or cotton wool products, and dark color is appropriate. Young people can choose beach-style nylon swimming trunks, and the bright colors are better, which can increase the aesthetic feeling.
swimming cap
Wear a swimming cap when swimming, especially for women, to prevent messy hair. Sometimes poor water quality will prevent hair from turning yellow. The swimming cap should be made of elastic nylon or rubber, not too big, or it will fall off easily.
swim glasses
If the water is not clean, bacteria can easily enter the eyes when swimming, causing pinkeye and so on. In order to prevent eye diseases, you need to wear swimming glasses to swim. For beginners, wearing swimming glasses can also correct the problem of being unable to open your eyes in the water.
earplug
It is inevitable that water will flow into your ears when swimming. Water is very uncomfortable after entering the ear, sometimes causing pain and affecting hearing. To prevent water from entering the ears, earplugs should be provided.
Floating object
Beginners should bring some floating objects, such as life buoy suits, foam plastics, buoys, paddles and floating sleeves. However, when carrying these items with you, always check whether the life jacket and ring are leaking to prevent accidents.
Bath towel, slippers
Swimmers need bath towels and slippers. When swimming or going ashore after swimming, you can dry your body with a towel, put on a bath towel and put on slippers, which can not only keep warm, but also prevent colds and be more hygienic. In winter swimming, it is even more indispensable.
Nose truss
When swimming, water waves often flush water into the nostrils, causing coughing, especially for beginners. In order to prevent water from entering the nostrils, it is best to prepare a nose clip, which can be forcibly inhaled through the mouth instead of the nose to avoid choking water.
Spare clothes and pants
In case the clothes and trousers are wet by water.
Swimming strokes of various swimming sports
breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming posture that imitates frog's swimming action, and it is also the oldest swimming posture. The human body is prone on the surface of the water, with its arms bending and paddling under the symmetrical straight arms on its chest, and its legs bending and stretching symmetrically to catch water, just like a frog swimming. Breaststroke is labor-saving, durable and of great practical value.
Action essentials: first paddle with your hands, and then kick with your arms open. Don't move your legs when paddling with your hands. When paddling by hand, retract your legs first, and then slide for about 1~2 seconds.
Coordinated action: hands forward, palms outward, inclined about 45, little finger upward, breathing when hands paddle outward, holding their breath when legs paddle inward, kicking and exhaling when hands reach over the head.
backstroke
One of the swimming events. In backstroke, the body lies almost horizontally in the water, the chest naturally stretches in line with the abdomen, the head is submerged in the water, and the face is exposed to the water. When swimming in, the head always maintains an upright posture, and the trunk naturally rotates around the longitudinal axis due to the alternating paddling action of the two arms.
Key points of action posture:
1, just like lying on the water, with two ears just in the water, butt just in the water, face up and feet just out of the water.
2, arm into the water, back water, stroke.
3. Legs close together and take turns to draw water up and down, and knees bend out of the water. The general rhythm is to keep your head steady, don't swing from side to side, stroke each arm, stroke each leg six times, and breathe each leg.
improvisational theatre
Self-swimming is a whole-body exercise, and any part of the activity can not be separated from the coordination of the whole body. On the surface, freestyle relies on paddling and kicking to generate propulsion. In fact, the role of the trunk can not be ignored.
The main points are as follows:
1, the body should be straight, and the leg surface should be just enough to draw water when coming out.
2. After the body enters the water, stretch your hands and elbows, stretch forward, hold the water, and stroke your arms inward and upward. After the shot, the arm should be relaxed, move forward in the air, continue the next action, and repeat the cycle.
3. Put your legs together, bend your knees slightly, and draw water down. Stir water
Breathe when your head turns to the left and your right shoulder leaves the water.
5, the approximate rhythm: the left and right legs draw water six times, each arm draws water once, and breathes once.
butterfly stroke
The biggest innovation of breaststroke is that the arm no longer moves forward from the water after paddling, but still pushes the leg with breaststroke, resulting in the deformation of breaststroke-butterfly stroke. In butterfly stroke, the body lies prone in the water, and relies on the powerful arm stroke and leg wave stroke to push the body forward. There is no fixed body posture.
Key points:
The shoulders are flush with the water, the head enters the water before the arm, and it is lower when the head is raised. After entering the water, hold the water outward along the curve, then paddle down to catch the water, separate your hands to shoulder width, and bend your elbows to paddle.
Key points of kicking: At the beginning, put your legs together, and as soon as the heel comes out of the water, bend your feet into the water. Overall rhythm: paddling once with both hands and fetching water twice with both legs.