Urban and rural characteristics: By the end of 20 12, Fuzhou has built a number of urban riverside landscape leisure lanes, such as the greenway from Guangming Port to Forest Park, started the construction of the slow-moving system along the river, and built 22 kilometers of leisure trails; The green area in the built-up area is 892 1 hectare, and the green rate is 37. 15%. The green coverage area of the built-up area is 9750 hectares, an increase of 350 hectares over the previous year, and the green coverage rate is 40.6%; * * * There are 63 parks with a green area of 2,544 hectares, with a per capita green area of 1 1.3 square meters. By the end of 20 12, there were 1950 health institutions and 103 hospitals at all levels, including 16 tertiary hospitals. Health institution beds 28611; Every thousand people have 4.66 beds in health institutions and 6.95438+0 health technicians. There are 47 community health service centers in the city, with health technicians 1283 people; Community health service stations 127, health technicians 1075; Township hospitals 123, health technicians 459 1. At the end of the year, the number of participants in the new rural cooperative medical system was 33 1.57 million, and the participation rate was 99.9%.
By the end of 20 12, Fuzhou had 4 stadiums18, 330 national fitness activities 1330, and 2,656 senior sports associations at all levels. Of the 2,243 administrative villages in the city, 2,052 have national fitness facilities, covering 9 1.5%. There are 400,000 elderly people who often participate in fitness activities in the city, accounting for more than half of the total number of elderly people in the city. All kinds of national fitness activities and mass sports activities are vigorously carried out: 65,438+10,000 people on foot, crossing the Minjiang River, the traditional dragon boat race in the Straits, the National Fitness Day fitness exhibition on August 8, the community sports meeting, the national mountaineering fitness conference and the mountaineering activities in the Straits, the municipal government sports meeting, the gateball game in the Straits and the 100-team basketball game in rural areas.
Fuzhou has won the "Excellent Organization Award for Mass Sports" awarded by the State Sports General Administration for many times. 20 1 1 was rated as one of the pilot units to create a national fitness demonstration city. During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" and "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" periods, it was awarded the title of "National Advanced Mass Sports Unit" by the State Sports General Administration twice.
The 8th National City Games in People's Republic of China (PRC) was officially renamed as the 1st National Youth Games in People's Republic of China (PRC), and was held in Fuzhou on June 20 15. City symbol-three mountains and one water
In Fuzhou, there are "three mountains" among the mountains, Wushan and Pingshan, and Minjiang River pass through the city like a green belt. According to historical records, the king of Fujian expanded the city in the second year of Liang Kaiping in the Five Dynasties, and incorporated the beautiful Yushan, Wushan and Pingshan into the city, forming a unique style of Fuzhou "the mountains are in the city and the city is in the mountains". "Three mountains and one water" has become the main symbol of Rongcheng, so Fuzhou is also called "three mountains". The Tree of the City-Banyan Tree
Planting banyan trees in Fuzhou has become a common practice since ancient times. Especially in the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Boyu, the prefect, advocated that "banyan trees should be planted in every household" and "the city should be shaded in summer", which made Fuzhou have the reputation of "Rongcheng" again. The banyan tree is evergreen all the year round, with lush foliage and majestic vigor, symbolizing the urban spirit of Fuzhou. There are nearly a thousand ancient banyan trees in Fuzhou, among which the Millennium banyan tree in Fuzhou National Forest Park is known as the largest banyan tree in Fuzhou. According to legend, during Ye Ping's reign in the Northern Song Dynasty, three military officers were planted here while practicing martial arts. This tree is 20 meters high, and the projected area of its crown on the ground exceeds 65,438+0,330 square meters. 1On February 8, 985, the 12th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth Fuzhou Municipal People's Congress decided to name the banyan tree as the city tree. Jasmine, the city flower, is a specialty of Fuzhou, and its output and quality rank first in the country. In the Song Dynasty, jasmine was widely planted in Fuzhou. There are many plots for planting jasmine gardens in the suburbs of Fuzhou. It symbolizes the fragrance of Fuzhou, a famous historical and cultural city. Fujian jasmine tea fumigated with jasmine has a long reputation and is exported at home and abroad. 1On February 8, 985, the 12th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth Fuzhou Municipal People's Congress decided to name jasmine as the city flower. Urban Fruit-Fuju
Fuzhou Basin is rich in oranges, especially oranges, with thin skin, red color, rich juice, sweet taste and unique flavor, which is called "Fu Orange". The maturity of Fuju is just at the end of the year. Fuzhou custom is famous for its "red", and the sound of "orange" is similar to "auspicious", so it has become a folk mascot and a New Year gift. The main producing areas are distributed on both sides of Minjiang River. 1February 8, 985, the 12th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth People's Congress of Fuzhou decided to name Fuju City Fruit. Top ten business cards
The selection of "Top Ten Business Cards" in Fuzhou started in June 5438+February, 2006, and the results were announced on April 28, 2007, namely: Santing and Seven Alleys, Mawei Ship Administration, Lin Zexu, Three Mountains, Two Towers and One River, Gushan, Fujian Opera, Hot Springs, Shoushan Stone, Tanshishan Cultural Site and Qingyun Mountain. These ten business cards cover all fields of Fuzhou's politics, economy, history and cultural life, and are a summary of the character of Fuzhou's riverside and seaside city. Fuzhou dialect is widely used in Fuzhou, and the locals call it Pinghua (first, Renhua (meaning folk dialect, in Fuzhou dialect, the difference between fast reading and peace is subtle)). Fuzhou dialect (Mindong dialect) is one of the eight major dialects in Chinese, which was stereotyped in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and occupies an important position in Fujian dialect.
Fuzhou dialect is the lingua franca of the "Ten Towns" of the old Fuzhou mansion in the lower reaches of Minjiang River, and it is the representative dialect of the whole eastern Fujian. Fuzhou dialect is mainly used in the middle and lower reaches of Minjiang River Basin (including its tributaries Dazhangxi and Gutianxi) to the estuary of Fujian, covering 1 1 counties and cities, namely Gutian, Pingnan, Minhou, Yongtai, Minqing, Changle, Fuqing, Pingtan, Luoyuan, Lianjiang and Fuzhou, with a population of/kloc-0. Today, the seven counties (Fuan, Ningde, Zhouning, Shouning, Zherong, Xiapu and Fuding) under the jurisdiction of Ningde City (Old Funing House) can learn about it. As for northern Fujian, such as Youxi, Jian 'ou, Shaxian, Shunchang and Jiangle. Fuzhou dialect is the second dialect, and overseas Chinese who went out from the eastern Fujian dialect area spread Fuzhou dialect all over the world.
Fuzhou dialect has many sources. Its bottom layer should be the language of the ancient Min and Yue nationalities. Early immigrants before Wei and Jin Dynasties brought ancient Wu dialect and ancient Chu dialect, and ancient Chinese and middle Chinese also obviously remained in Fuzhou dialect. Fuzhou folk customs can be divided into five categories: festival customs, wedding, funeral and birthday customs, rural customs, food customs and clothing customs. There are mainly lanterns, stilts, dragon lanterns, lion dances, dragon boat races, mountain climbing and other folk activities. The living customs of Fuzhou are also influenced by Catholicism and Christianity. Christmas, Valentine's Day, Mother's Day, etc. It reflects the tradition that Fuzhou people are good at absorbing foreign cultures.
All folk customs are "handed down by predecessors" (Fuzhou proverb). Because duck eggs are homophonic with Fuzhou dialect, fishermen go out to sea to pray for no storms and also have the meaning of "restraining chaos", so Fuzhou calls them "Taiping eggs". When you meet a wedding reception, birthday party, farewell party, and over nine (those who meet nine in vain), you should eat flatly. However, with the improvement of living standards, people's appetite is getting smaller and smaller. Cooks use quail eggs and pigeon eggs instead, which is elegant and innovative, and gradually becomes a new custom. Moreover, quail is homophonic with safety, which is quite meaningful and quickly accepted by the masses.
Fuzhou has the tradition of "Boiling Wine Festival". Married daughters should make "boiled wine porridge" on the 29th day of the first month, and send it back to their parents as soon as possible to honor their parents. Up to now, the suburban counties of Fuzhou still maintain this custom, but the "Aojiu Festival" in the urban area has gradually been replaced by "Mother's Day". Speaking of this festival, the flower shop business is particularly good. You can also see your parents' party in the restaurant. Fujian cuisine is world-famous, and the taste of Fuzhou people is sweet and sour. There are dozens of local snacks here, such as fish balls, noodles, meat swallows, shrimp cakes, oyster cakes, light cakes, fixed-edge paste, spring rolls, fried noodles and Fuzhou noodles.
Fuzhou cuisine is the representative of Fujian cuisine, which is known as "Fuzhou cuisine is fragrant all over the world, and the food culture has been passed down through the ages". The selection of materials is exquisite, and the knives are rigorous and cautious; Pay attention to the heat and the soup; Like to use condiments, the taste is changeable, showing two distinct characteristics: first, the knife is clever and clever, full of fun, known as silk as hair, thin as paper, and the famous dish is fried snails. Secondly, there are many soups and dishes, which are varied and have the name of "one soup changes ten times". Famous soup products, such as the Buddha jumping over the wall with a long history, have the reputation of "jar meat is fragrant, Buddha hears and abandons Zen and jumps over the wall". Among them, Juchunyuan Buddha jumping wall is the most famous.
Fuzhou's five representative dishes: the Buddha jumps over the wall, the mussel chicken soup, the snail slices with fermented soybean, the litchi meat and the drunken chicken. Representatives of five bowls: Tai Chi taro paste, pot stickers, meatballs, fish balls and meat swallows.
Fuzhou's vegetarian dishes are also very famous. They are made of plant foods such as gluten, tofu skin, tofu tendons, winter bamboo shoots, mushrooms and fungus. They are skillfully processed, well cooked and delicious. Many temples and visitors in Fuzhou operate vegetarian dishes, among which the vegetarian dishes in Gushan Yongquan Temple are the most famous. There are more than 30 kinds of famous vegetarian dishes here, such as "South China Sea Trollius", "Half Moon Sinking into the River", "Three Fresh Stone Drum" and "Three Silk Springs".
(Fuzhou on the tip of the atlas Source:) Tanshishan culture: Tanshishan culture is famous for its ancient human sites. The site is located in Tanshi Village, Sugarcane Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou City. It is a national key cultural relic protection unit and the most complete preserved prehistoric ancient human cultural site in China. Tanshishan culture more than 5,000 years ago, comparable to Yangshao culture and Hemudu culture, has unique and distinctive characteristics of marine civilization. Since Tanshishan Cultural Site was discovered in 1954, eight archaeological excavations have been carried out successively, and a number of important cultural relics such as pottery lamps known as "China Yi Deng" have been unearthed.
Ship administration culture: refers to the ideological and cultural achievements formed during the establishment of Fujian ship administration in the late Qing Dynasty. Fujian Ship Administration, 1866 was established in Mawei, Fuzhou. It is recognized as the "cradle of modern navy in China" and the birthplace of modern industry, science and technology and higher education in China. Since its establishment 40 years ago, Fujian Shipping Bureau has vigorously carried out a series of activities to "enrich Qiang Bing", such as shipbuilding, building warships, building airplanes, running schools, attracting talents and sending children abroad to study, which has promoted the birth and development of new industries such as shipbuilding, metallurgy, telecommunications, railway and aircraft manufacturing in modern China and left rich ideological and cultural achievements in cultural exchanges between China and the West.
Culture of "three lanes and seven lanes": The culture of "three lanes and seven lanes" originated from the "three lanes and seven lanes" in Fuzhou historical and cultural block. "Three Alleys and Seven Alleys" is located in the downtown area of Fuzhou (Gulou District), which is the general name of the alleys arranged from north to south on both sides of Nanhou Street.
The "three squares" are Yijinfang, Wenrufang and Guanglufang; "Seven Alleys" are Yangqiao Lane, Langguan Alley, Zhonglou Alley, Huang Xiang, Anmin Alley, Gongxiang and Goose Skin Alley. The basic pattern of "three lanes and seven lanes" historical and cultural blocks was formed in the late Tang Dynasty and reached its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, with a total area of about 45 hectares. There are more than 200 ancient buildings, with squares connected, alleys connected, walls painted, rigorous layout, exquisite houses and ingenious technology. Known as "Museum of Ancient Buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties" and "Living Fossil of China City Lane System". Many famous people who go down in history in Fuzhou also come from or are closely related to the "three alleys and seven alleys", which contains a heavy historical and humanistic atmosphere and shows a profound and profound culture of Fujian in Fuzhou.
Shoushan stone culture: Shoushan stone culture takes Shoushan stone carving as the carrier. Shoushan stone, produced in Shoushan Township, Jinan District, Fuzhou, is a first-class carved colored stone. Because of its bright colors, moist jade and crystal clear, it is known as the "gentleman in the stone" and "national treasure", and Shoushantian Huangshi is also known as the "emperor in the stone" and "king in the stone". Fujian Opera: Fujian Opera is also called "Fuzhou Opera". In the Ming Dynasty, Kunshan dialect and Yiyang dialect were introduced into Fuzhou, and Fuzhou dialect opera gradually rose. From the early years of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty to around the Revolution of 1911, it was called "Min Ban". 1924, Zheng Zhenduo published the traditional drama "Yu Zi Chai", which officially replaced the name of "Min Ban" with "Min Opera".
Pinghua: Pinghua is the main variety of folk art in Fuzhou. It pays attention to singing, speaking, doing and speaking, and has the reputation of "living fossil of humanity".
Fan Shi: The original name of Fan Shi is "Xie Huan", which means harmony and happiness. It is one of the main local music in Fuzhou, which evolved from folk dragon dancing and has melodious tunes. Fuzhou is rich in religious culture and is known as the "Buddhist country". There are six key Buddhist temples (Yongquan Temple, Xichan Temple, Linyang Temple, Dizang Temple, wanfu temple Temple and Xuefeng Temple), ranking the highest in China. Fuzhou has been selected by world record association as the city with the largest number of key Buddhist temples in China.
Foreign religions and cultures in Fuzhou have a long history. Almost all of them established their strongholds in Fuzhou when they were introduced to China, which is closely related to Fuzhou being a port for overseas trade since ancient times. As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty, Fuzhou had trade with Southeast Asian countries. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Fuzhou has become a prosperous international trade port, "department stores enter the market with the tide, and thousands of wine vendors hang curtains". In the Ming Dynasty, Fuzhou's foreign trade entered its heyday. Zheng He, a famous navigator, set sail at Taiping Port (Mawei and Changle) in Fuzhou after increasing supplies, and Fuzhou Port officially became a national port. In the Qing Dynasty, after Kangxi and Yongzheng, Fuzhou's foreign trade flourished again, "making the southwestern ports salty and mutually beneficial". After the Opium War, Fuzhou became one of the "five-port trade" ports. For a long time, a constant stream of foreign envoys and businessmen has enriched the foreign religious culture in Fuzhou.
Fuzhou retains religious and cultural relics such as Buddhism, Islam and Christianity. Buddhism was introduced into Fuzhou during the Three Kingdoms period. During the Five Dynasties, Fuzhou was known as the "Buddhist country". Kaiyuan Temple in Fuzhou is the oldest existing temple in Fuzhou. It was founded in the third year of Liang Taiqing in the Southern Dynasties (AD 549) and has a history of nearly 1500 years. The history of another Buddhist temple in Fuzhou, Gushan Yongquan Temple, can also be traced back to the second year of Kaiping in the Five Dynasties (AD 908). There is a mosque in Nanmendou, Fuzhou, which dates back to the Tang Dynasty. From the inscriptions of Ming and Qing dynasties preserved in the mosque, we can get a general understanding of the spread and development of Islam in Fuzhou at that time. In the fourth year of tomorrow (AD 1624), Italian Jesuit missionary Giulio Aleni came to Fuzhou to preach. After 10 years, there were 100 Christians in Fuzhou. The oldest existing Catholic church in Fuzhou is the Pan-Pu Chuan Catholic Church in Nantai Island (built in A.D. 1868).
Another religious culture in Fuzhou is folk belief with marine characteristics, which is related to the local environment. Fuzhou is located in the lower reaches of Minjiang River, near the East China Sea. It is the hometown of water town, with many rivers, lakes, ponds and sandbars. There are four main rivers in the urban area: Baima River, Dongxi River, Jin 'an River and Guangming Port. In addition, there are many inland rivers 10 such as antai river, Tiegang River, May 4th River, Yingzhou River, Dadao River, Chating River, Yangqia River and Jinlong River. The rivers and seas are connected, the tides rise and fall, and all rivers run into the sea, which makes Fuzhou culture branded with marine characteristics. The marine characteristics of Fuzhou culture are reflected in its folk beliefs, that is, Fuzhou people worship river gods and sea gods.