Explanation of words: a beautiful woman
Pinyin: míI nǐ
Interpretation: Beauty Mozi Meng Gong: "Beauty can't go out, people fight for me."
Historical Records: On the aristocratic family of Chu concubines: "Beauty is the enemy of evil women. Otherwise! " In the Southern Dynasties, Liang Jiangyan's "Moss Fu": "The demon is out of Zheng, and the beauty is beautiful."
Tang Chenziang's book "Advise Yazhou to give birth to Qiang people": "Qin Huiwang used Zhang Yi's plan to decorate beautiful women and reward cows to admire Shu at that time."
The second chapter of the History of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty: "Zhao Shuzhi's belt is the admonition of the above table:' The collapse of mountains and the exhaustion of rivers are like the exhaustion of blood and fat, which is a bad omen for the country. As far as the foundation of Qishan Wangye is concerned, once it collapses, it is no small matter. Nowadays, loving the people with diligence and seeking talents to help the government is expected to eliminate natural changes. Why not visit a beautiful woman instead of a talented person? "Before the Han Dynasty in China, people only paid attention to women's facial images, but in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, they began to pay attention to decoration. Wei Wendi likes concubines with gorgeous clothes and curly hair. The Tang Dynasty was an open society, allowing bare chests and bare arms. The physical beauty of women is broad forehead, round face and fat body.
There is no conclusion after the Tang Dynasty. After the Song Dynasty, the original appearance of Guanyin Bodhisattva was generally regarded as a high standard of female beauty, and the Guanyin Bodhisattva carved and painted in various times was a concrete explanation of the aesthetic standard at that time.
The interpretation of beauty in the times is quite different. In the Tang Dynasty, Yang Yuhuan, who was plump, with big breasts and fat buttocks, was regarded as a beauty. However, in the Song Dynasty, "Zhao Yanfei (Han Dynasty) was as light as a swallow, elegant and the most beautiful". Waist circumference: King Chu Ling of the 5th century BC preferred women with thin waists.
The four beauties in ancient China refer to the stories of Diophantine, Xi Stone, Wang Zhaojun and Yang Guifei in ancient China. The four beauties enjoy the appearance of "closing the moon and feeling ashamed of flowers, sinking fish and falling geese". It is a historical allusion composed of wonderful stories that "the moon is closed and the flowers are ashamed, and the fish sink and the geese fall".
Emei indigo naturalis: Emei is a woman's eyebrows, and indigo naturalis Emei shaves off her eyebrows and paints them with cyan and black pigments. This kind of eyebrow makeup was very popular as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, and this adjective has already appeared in the Book of Songs of Chu. Thin waist and snow skin: Although Yang Guifei, one of the four ancient beauties, is a plump beauty, China people still prefer slim beauty, and a thin waist means a thin waist; Snow skin is white. According to legend, Zhao has a thin waist and snow skin. Lian Bu socks: Lian Bu refers to the steps of beautiful women, and also refers to tangled feet. Small socks refer to socks worn by women who bind their feet; Feet are like lotus flowers. If you put on socks, you will become a beautiful woman.
The aesthetic standards of different dynasties in China are different. At that time, women's status was low. In order to cater to men's eyes, they often had to shape and do something harmful to their health. For example, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a monarch in Chu who liked a woman with a thin waist, and many ladies-in-waiting starved to death because of dieting to reduce their waists. Therefore, there is a saying that "the king of Chu has a thin waist and many palaces starve to death."
Zhao Yanfei was famous for his light figure in Han Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, however, satiety (obesity) was advocated, and obese people were considered to have strong fertility. Wu Zetian and Yang Guifei are plump women, and "Yan Shou Huan Fei" refers to Zhao He.
In ancient China, many men were crazy about their feet. According to legend, the custom of foot-binding originated from Nantang Palace in Five Dynasties and Ten Countries. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, people thought that women with "three-inch golden lotus" were beautiful women, so many women were forced to tie their feet into bows, which seriously damaged their health.
Traditionally, women with morbid beauty in China are also loved, giving people a feeling of tenderness and arousing men's desire for protection. For example, in the Spring and Autumn Period, Shi, a beautiful woman from Yue State, was said to be charming when her heart was broken. Lin Daiyu in the famous novel A Dream of Red Mansions is also a representative figure of morbid beauty.
The standard of modern women has also reached a higher level. In a specific historical period in China, women are generally regarded as beautiful, and they are all called "breast enhancement and fat buttocks", "gentle and graceful beauty", "skinny beauty" and "wearing peach blossoms", all of which praise women's appearance, that is to say, appearance has become the only criterion to evaluate whether they are beautiful or not. Nowadays, with the progress of the times and the development of society, people's definition of beauty has quietly changed.
At present, most of the definitions of beauty are "working girl", "temperament beauty", "intellectual beauty" and "sexy beauty". They pay too much attention to appearance and tend to pay attention to and praise the achievements of the day after tomorrow.
China's ancient standards for measuring beauty: In today's society, women's body standards have gradually blurred, some are plump and mature, some are slim and pure, and each has its own suitors. In the17th century, the women painted by the Flemish painter Rubens will not be regarded as the typical "beauty" today, and their pale faces are slightly pink and dazzling.
Chest circumference: In ancient China, people didn't have high requirements for women's chest circumference, and they didn't agree with women with full breasts. In fact, women's breasts appreciated by ancient men are as good as clove milk.
Waist circumference: King Chu Ling in the 6th century BC preferred women with thin waists; Song Yu, a contemporary of King Xiang of Chu, has a special liking for this beautiful "master's son" in his Ode to Lottie's Lust and Desire. However, thin waist is the fashion in Jingchu area. For most people in China, as long as the waist is properly matched with the whole body, it doesn't matter whether it is wide or narrow, so it is called "small waist". Thin waist is called "willow waist". It has the beauty of "exquisite curve"
Hip circumference: whether it is full or not has become one of the important sketches of ancient beauty in China. The reason is that people in China think that women with round hips will have more children. In the ancient agricultural society, "there are three unfilial things, and no posterity is the greatest thing", and fat buttocks have their own importance. Traditional Europeans are often considered to pay more attention to women's body shape and sexual ability, and have low requirements for appearance. This aesthetic is not common in Asia. This may be due to the fact that in Europe, since ancient times, some primitive religious witchcraft statues symbolizing the fertility of the earth or motherhood have evolved into goddesses in the polytheistic era, such as Venus or Athena, and later represented by the historical figure Virgin Mary, and developed into body art and erotic or pornographic culture in modern times, giving people the stereotype of extraordinary female aesthetics. Therefore, Europeans' aesthetic standards are considered to be biased towards physical health, full of vigorous temperament and tall figure, with strong chastity consciousness and independent thinking ability, so they tend to be jealous of their partners (or conversely, have multiple partners under voluntary conditions), and have the courage and wisdom to protect young children and even male partners.
But in practice, ancient Europeans did not neglect the beauty used to charm men for secular women. For example, even in Greek mythology, Helen (myth) is often regarded as a symbol of exquisite beauty and is the object of men's struggle. The Empress Olympia of Alexander the Great in ancient Greece and the Empress Julia Maesa in ancient Rome are both famous for their beauty, and they are involved in political affairs with the trust of men, which can be said to be a combination of strength and charm. The proportions of all parts of the face must be symmetrical. They divide a person's whole face into three parts: from hairline to eyes, from eyes to upper lip, and from upper lip to chin. The aspect ratio of a beautiful face is 4: 3. Some time before the First World War, a chubby face and Anna's colorful figure became popular human characteristics. Lillian Russell, a movie star in new york, is such a beautiful example. Sexy, wild, sexy, seductive.
In the mid-20th century, American movie star Marilyn Monroe was so charming and naughty when she was a child that she stayed in people's minds for a long time, so that women of all ages regarded her as a model of beauty. Belarus: Beauty becomes a national treasure. Belarusian beauties are all beautiful women all over the street. It is not surprising that there are "beautiful women like clouds" in Belarus. They have big eyes, high cheekbones, long hair, tall figure and a "devil" figure; South African beauty: simple, natural, fresh and bright (Candice swanepoel); Brazilian beauty: unforgettable beauty (Alexander Ambrosio); French beauty: innate beauty, romantic personality (Sophie Marceau); Greek beauty: charming smile and charming curve (Irina Skoliva); American beauty: big breasts and fat hips (Nini Bethel) Venezuelan beauty: Eurasian beauty (Carmen Zubiraga); The beauties from the origin of beauties are all natural artificial beauties, excluding street beauties in Ukraine. Ukrainian girls are the best in the former Soviet Union. Compared with Russian beauty, Ukrainian girls are more delicate. They are not only graceful in figure, beautiful in face, but also fair and delicate in skin color. It is precisely because of this that many overseas tourists regard Ukraine as the first choice for "sex tourism", but this has aroused opposition from Ukrainian women's organizations, who have shown western tourists that "Ukraine is not a brothel". Chinese
No matter how different the times are and the types of beautiful women are, men in China generally like beautiful women with delicate facial features, elastic breasts and long and straight legs. To this end, a beautiful woman must first have a pair of beautiful legs. The so-called bright eyes look forward to it, which is exciting. A beautiful oval face or oval face has become the second criterion for men to favor beautiful women. It is also necessary to have slender and soft fingers, a thin waist and fragrant limbs. In order to achieve such a beautiful woman, sexy red lips, fragrant body odor and slender legs, it must be the goal of daily dressing and bodybuilding.
When we praise a woman's appearance, sex appeal and beauty can be compared.
At first, women's sexual apathy was only a unilateral feeling of men, and now women are also applying it, in clothing, entertainment and criticism.
In the past, when evaluating women's looks, the word "beauty" dominated the world and remained unchanged for thousands of years.
This is actually unfair to women and hegemonism of the five senses. When we open those old books in China, when it comes to beauty, it's always the nose and mouth, and even the eco-conscious but unreasonable eulogy of "eyebrows like distant mountains".
The key to sexiness is "sex", which we are used to calling "coquettish, goblin and sycophantic". In the Tang Dynasty, King Robin used "being sycophantic" to curse Wu Zetian for being dirty and sexy. If a person lets go of hypocrisy, that's what he wants to see but dares not. The cruelty of smart and naughty people lies not in how slutty they are, nor in how violent they are. She is smart, naughty and clever, and naughty ideas pop up from time to time. It tickles your heart, and you will love it forever. This kind of woman is the most popular type for men. Will behave like a doll in front of men, and like a virtuous woman who loves men dearly. How can a woman who makes a man earn enough face never be held in the palm of her hand?
Popular lover, I remember a brother said: a woman is romantic or not, not by her looks, but by her personality. An ugly woman won't be romantic because she knows she has no capital. A beautiful girl can't be romantic, because she knows that her capital is precious. Women are afraid of those who are not so beautiful, but think they are beautiful. There are often such girls, no intimate friend, no girl to go shopping with her, and even a bridesmaid to get married. But she is surrounded by a large group of men who don't know the so-called flies. You can't see how charming she really is. I don't see what the so-called elegance, temperament, demeanor, connotation and other things can have to do with her. But I just don't lack men.
Body shape is very important. A woman's good figure is like a beautiful scenery forever. There is also a good saying: look at a woman, look at her figure from behind, look at her temperament from the side and look at her face from the front. Otherwise, how can someone say: many women in the street let you see what you eat and buy from behind, and you can't eat anything in front. It can be seen that a good figure will make men fantasize infinitely.
Sexy and sexy. This kind of sexy is completely different from the above type. This sexy is naked, but it can make you unable to breathe. This kind of sexy is a bit casual and meaningless. She doesn't make you feel sexy, but you can't help thinking about it. The so-called drunkenness is not about wine ... women's thin shoulders, thin waist and smooth skin are sexy.
What matters is the stretch and naturalness when my back is turned to you. Such a stunner, which man doesn't want to hug gently from behind.
British people
The standard beauty in the eyes of British men: it must be a temperament woman who can make up. British men are serious and cautious, and maintaining gentlemanly manners is a compulsory course for British men since childhood, which also forms a unique aesthetic view of British men: attaching importance to ladies. Such a woman must be steady, measured, unhurried and dignified. In appearance, sexiness is as important as solemnity. The beauty in the eyes of British men must insist on making up every day and maintain a good and meticulous external image. You must take good care of your hair. Full breasts, beautiful lips and slender thighs are more attractive than bright eyes and big eyes.
French
The standard beauty in the eyes of French men: elegance is as indispensable as cleavage. French men prefer elegant, feminine and charming women. The beauty in their eyes must be rigorous. Dress elegantly and appropriately, people pay attention to language art, have a beautiful tone, are charming, and treat people with grace. The neck is tall and strong, the waist is thin and the chest is rich. When necessary, the cleavage exposed under elegant clothes and the sexiness when sitting cross-legged can touch a man's heart best.
Brazilian
The standard beauty in the eyes of Brazilian men: slender legs and personality. Brazilians have always respected the beauty of personality. Therefore, for Brazilian men, a shabby cowboy, a pair of gray and black sneakers, plus a pair of blue eyes, healthy skin, rounded breasts and rounded hips can attract any Brazilian man. As far as appearance is concerned, Brazilian men have the highest requirements for women's hairstyles. Of course, highlighting individuality is still the highest realm. Therefore, both grotesque and elegant hairstyles have different beauty. Compared with hairstyle, lip makeup and eye makeup are second. Full and sexy lips are the primary consideration, and eye makeup must show the charm and brightness of the eyes. Temperament, we must be cheerful, humorous and provocative.
South Africans
The standard beauty in the eyes of South African men: wide forehead and beautiful ankles. In the eyes of South African men, beautiful women with wide foreheads, beautiful heels, rounded calves and necks are the real beauties. In addition, the whiteness of skin gradually conforms to the fashion trend and becomes the beauty standard in men's hearts. In order to meet this standard, South African women do their best, even sacrificing their health to meet the needs of fashion. It seems that if you want to be a beauty in the eyes of South African men, you must pay a certain price. 1900— 1909
Beauty standard: Bigfoot girl who can speak a foreign language. At the beginning of this century, foreign commodities, missionaries and mass media introduced the western way of life into China. A book advocating feminist movement, The Woman's Clock, came into being. The book is not only strongly worded, but also strongly criticizes foot-binding, advocating that women "cut their hair, read books and participate in politics". This is a metabolic period. At least in the minds of young people, worshipping foreign things and admiring foreign countries can be equated with patriotism.
19 10— 19 19
Beauty standard: At the beginning of the century, the slightly improved women's liberation movement began to take root in people's hearts. The women's liberation movement began with free love and marriage, and new weddings became popular in cities. The "New Culture Movement" had a great influence on women in this period. Women in this period wore narrow and slender turtlenecks and long black dresses, and their clothes were relatively simple, while accessories such as hairpins, bracelets, earrings and rings were rarely used. At that time, people gave it a proper term: "new clothes for civilization."
1920— 1929
Beauty standard: a talented woman with a figure. This is a dynamic era. The May 4th Movement, like a fresh wind, suddenly injected fresh air into the once depressed society. It was at the beginning of this era that the new poet Liu Bannong creatively added the word "she" to Chinese characters, and the new vernacular poem "How can I not miss her" created to promote the word "she" became the note of this era. Although Liu Haisu's use of nude models has aroused strong public protests, birth control, contraception and the "Tian Ru Movement" still have a large number of followers. In the past, women's breasts, which were crushed by tight vests or small vests, dared to stand proudly under the cheongsam that began to serve as daily clothes.
1930— 1939
Beauty standard: a famous lady who combines Chinese and western. Paris's new style crossed the ocean, swept Shanghai a few months later, and then swept other cities in the country. Major newspapers and periodicals have also opened up clothing columns and invited famous painters to draw fashion illustrations. The smash hit "Fashion Meitu" monthly magazine contributed to the popularity of civilized new clothes. The fastest change in clothing style is cheongsam, which is popular almost every year, and the collocation method is also a combination of Chinese and western. Cheongsam with a suit jacket or suit. Qipao, which is hip-length and narrow-waist, makes China women reveal the sexy elements in their clothes for the first time. In 1930s and 1940s, the influence of western aesthetic vision on women's decoration in Shanghai has involved the remolding of women's overall image: the use of cosmetics aims at whitening and moistening skin, using cream in winter, snow pollen, talcum powder, perfume in summer, hair oil and vaseline for hair care.
1940— 1949
Beauty standard: the flower of politics. In the 1940s, it was difficult to define the standard of beauty because of the war. 1937 Japanese invasion of China inevitably plunged Shanghai into the predicament of war. When materials are scarce and people are worried, is fashion still fashion? War makes life as light as a feather, even beautiful women are no exception.
1950— 1959
Beauty standard: dedication to youth. When New China was founded, women held up half the sky. A large number of women have broken away from the shackles of their families and have their own jobs and careers. These women have won unanimous praise from the society. At the same time, another kind of women is more praised by public opinion: they not only have their own careers and jobs, but also do not advocate vanity, do not like dressing up, and are willing to dedicate their youth and beauty to the most lovely people. Regardless of family background, education level, working environment and personal interests, the image of a female college student who is willing to marry an unknown soldier, worker and farmer has also become a beautiful image of an era.
1960— 1969
Beauty standard: more men than men. The 1960s was a turbulent and passionate era. The world recovered from the shadow of World War II, and a kind of unrestrained sexiness was born. But that's all outside the country. In China, the 1960s was a uniform school, even so neat that there was no gender difference. The relationship between men and women is simplified as "comrade", "comrade-in-arms" and "class relationship", and the beautiful women are replaced by the words "iron girl team" and "women's oil extraction team". Although she is called a "girl", she has become a person without gender. Apart from "a pair of shoulders, two hands, a pole and two legs", they never care about their looks and personal feelings. They were idols of that era and unfortunately became sacrifices of that era.
1970— 1979
Beauty standard: taboo. Beauty, love and emotional life are almost taboo, and class struggle is the only fashion in China at this time. Love is also completely extinct in public life. When the strangled love between men and women gradually wakes up among the educated youth, its symbol is the popularity of love songs and love poems. Since 1969, singing love songs and copying love poems have always been the fashion of educated youth. But that's a secret.
1980— 1989
The standard of beauty: publicity. After the cheap fashion of beggar shirts, Panama pants, bat shirts, guitars and mohair passed, "Unilever" returned to China, and "Lux" soap sang the title song. "Material culture" began to show its power, and fashion had a high price for the first time. Some things that have long been considered "sublime" have been laughed at and despised. Cui Jian's "nothingness" is too heavy, and it is Wang Shuo and his stubborn masters who lead the trend. Oriental beauty no longer pursues simple pleasing, but its inner personality and charm are the most powerful weapons.
1990— 1999
Beauty standard: changeable. 90' s is the age of information explosion, you have to keep fresh, and everyone will try their best to be beautiful. The classic beauty image has become a thing of the past, the standards for judging beauty are no longer so uniform, and the makeup technology is becoming more and more sophisticated. More and more people believe that everyone can become a beauty at all costs. Beauty's height is gradually approaching that of professional athletes, and everyone should look up when she grows up. This is an era when everyone wants to perform, and beautiful women must have amazing visual effects to stand out among their peers. Doing beauty has gradually developed into a sunrise industry and is accelerating its voyage to the depths of the floor. The beauty of the 1990s is just a footnote to a western proverb-"The so-called beauty is carved by time".