The life world of the ancients
Daily life in Ming dynasty
Social Daily Life in Qing Dynasty
China's Ancient Leisure Notes
Daguan tea science
The grass grows and the warbler flies. This is a spring outing in Shang Huashi. Compared with modern people, the ancients had more "plays" in spring outing: not only did modern people often hold elegant activities such as flying kites, planting trees and playing football, but also large-scale love parties, academic exchange forums, self-help tours by donkey friends, women's football clubs, etc ... Besides, what "poetic" daily life did the ancients have?
Only by understanding the life of the ancients and the atmosphere of their spiritual world can we innovate and find the present way to make our life both interesting and interesting, and at the same time have unlimited room for extension.
Pre-Qin Jin Dynasty:
Romantic expression of spring outing
Pre-Qin is a romantic and unrestrained era. The main purpose of people's spring outing is not to travel around, but to talk about love. In order to facilitate the emotional exchange between young men and women, the government has set up a fixed festival-"Shangsi Festival", the third day of the third lunar month.
The Book of Songs recorded many scenes of spring outing at that time. For example, in Zheng Feng's Out of the East Gate, the national style begins with "Out of the East Gate, there are women like clouds", and Qin Yi says that "scholars and women are rich". In this intimate spring outing atmosphere, young men and women, in the process of outing, two of a kind, the favorite, will give each other peonies for life. "Wei's and women tease each other and give them a spoonful of medicine" is both elegant and romantic.
Of course, the spring outing in the pre-Qin period was not just a patent for young people. Confucius and his disciples also like spring outing. "Mo Chun, who has taken spring clothes, won five or six titles, six or seven boys, bathed in interpretation, and returned singing and dancing." Bathed in the spring breeze, how comfortable and free!
Compared with a simple trip to the suburbs by Confucius and his disciples, the scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties obviously had a higher pursuit:
The blue sky is like washing,
The green hills are beautiful, and the wine glasses are placed in the gurgling stream, which everyone talks about. This is the famous "boating in meandering water". Founder Wang Xizhi invited Xie An, Sun Chuo and other relatives and friends to hold an elegant collection of Qushui after a spring sacrificial ceremony in his Lanting. Wang Xizhi wrote the famous Preface to Lanting Collection in a drunken state.
Xie Lingyun, a landscape poet, is a senior donkey friend. According to the biography of Nan Shi Xie Lingyun, he had a set of clothes for hiking in spring: wearing a crank cap and clogs on his feet. This kind of clogs is called "Xie Gong Clogs", and there are also "going up the mountain to pull out the front teeth and going down the mountain to pull out the back teeth". There are nails in the front and back, and climbing is very scientific.
Tang and Song Dynasties:
Spring outing is popular and varied.
In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the situation of spring outing was very different. According to the Chronicle of Tang Poems, every spring, the emperor takes his empresses and courtiers to visit the pear garden and offer sacrifices to Weishui, which soon became a nationwide "spring outing fever". Du Fu couldn't help sending a song "Two Roads": "On March 3rd, it was sunny and sunny, and many beauties enjoyed the cool by the Chang 'an water."
According to the "Kaiyuan Tianbao Legacy", in Chang 'an, the capital city at that time, there was a mode of women's spring outing: ladies-in-waiting went hiking together and Lu Yu enjoyed flowers. Just before the flowers, they "spread the mat and borrow grass to sit around", talking and laughing, taking off their red skirts and hanging them up. In addition to sitting around and enjoying flowers, it has become popular for women to go out on horseback. This is the scene described in "Mrs. Guo's Spring Tour".
In the Song Dynasty, spring outing was no longer a national carnival festival like in the Tang Dynasty, but also a special "outing festival". When people go out for an outing, they choose Tomb-Sweeping Day. "The Cold Food Festival will be swept away first, and the countryside will be clear" (beware of Old Wulin Stories). Tomb-Sweeping Day's outing became the theme of spring outing. Many famous paintings recorded the scene at that time. For example, Zhang Zeduan's The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival depicts people traveling in Tomb-Sweeping Day, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Although sweeping graves has become the theme, since the Song Dynasty, the content of spring outing has become diversified and more energetic. During the spring outing in Ming dynasty, the national fitness campaign began, and various sports events increased day by day. Among them, women's cuju makes people shine, and Peng Yunxiu is an expert in women's football in the early Ming Dynasty. Chen Jiru's "Taiping Flower Green" said: In the early Ming Dynasty, Peng Yunxiu "swam the rivers and seas with the flow of women, hit them, said that there were six solutions in ten, and the war gave them a roll", saying that Peng Yunxiu knew how to kick 16, and never fell to the ground when he touched the ball with his whole body.
In addition to playing football, swinging and flying kites have also become people's favorite spring outing projects in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Gao Ding, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, wrote in the poem "Village Residence": "In February, the grass grows and the willows are drunk with spring smoke. The children came back from school early and were busy flying kites in the east wind. " Is a vivid description.
The ancients were very particular about drinking tea.
Besides spring outing, the ancients had many daily hobbies, such as drinking tea. Many people think that the color of tea is beautiful and domineering, which is good tea. But in the Song Dynasty, "color and taste are all important" was a bad evaluation. According to Song Huizong's "Daguan Tea Theory", the standard of good tea is: "Gan slippery." This emphasis is not on the taste, but on the structure, internal quality and strength of tea, which not only reflects the taste of Song people, but also reflects their aesthetics.
The ancients took pains to taste tea, especially Tea Record and Daguan Tea Theory, which all pointed to the core of the problem. Song Huizong's taste concept is far ahead of the times. For another example, mixed tea, now all kinds of tea drinks abound, but they all borrowed from coffee. The ancients made beneficial explorations in many fields, such as Huang Tingjian's Fu on Fried Tea, and also made mixed drinks, but they took into account health, taste and interest, and were much better than the current mixed drinks.
Daguan Tea Theory, through eight influential tea books in Song Dynasty-Lu Yi in Ming Dynasty, Tea Records, Tea Trial Records, Tea Tasting Records, Daguan Tea Theory, Xuanhe Beiyuan Tribute Records, Beiyuan Bie Records and Tea Set Tuzan, combined with the current tea tasting life, from tea drinking culture, tea making technology, tea people,
To understand the daily life of the ancients, you can also look at these books-
The life world of the ancients
Were there out-of-season fruits and vegetables and greenhouse cultivation in ancient times? What did the ancients think of their stomachs and bodies? What if you are nearsighted? How did the ancients keep pets? How to spend the heat? How to take a nap? ..... The life world of the ancients described by Wang Hongchao involves all aspects of the daily life of the ancients, which is presented in all directions and makes history fresh and fragrant. This book presents some details of the ancient people's daily life from eight chapters: diet, leisure, posture, entertainment, leisure, identity, time and space, and emphasizes leisure life to reflect the ancient people's leisure and elegant life interest.
The daily life and social customs of the ancients
Notes of the great historian Feng Erkang. This book takes the social life of the ancients as the scope, including the regulation and fashion of ancient costumes, the marriage and family life of the ancients, birth and death, funeral, migration and social relief, the group life of people in the social structure, the culture and entertainment of the ancients, etc.
China's Ancient Leisure Notes
Historian Yi Yongwen introduced all levels of ancient China society in the form of cultural essays. Taking the leisure of games as a classic, novelty as a latitude, and academic popularization as the keynote, he narrated the long past from the palace to the streets and lanes, vividly reappearing the life of traditional China people.
Daily life of citizens in Song Dynasty
Historian Yi Yongwen introduced all aspects of citizens' life in the Song Dynasty in the form of cultural essays, including games, sports, skills, fire prevention technology, food art, marriage and childbearing customs, leisure life, etc., which vividly reproduced the daily life of citizens in the Song Dynasty.
Daily life in Ming dynasty
Historian Yi Yongwen takes novels, operas and other market documents of the Ming Dynasty as the basic historical materials, carefully selects them, and cross-references them with official historical records, and outlines the basic situation of daily life in the Ming Dynasty in a more detailed way with pictures and texts.
Social Daily Life in Qing Dynasty
In this book, the great historian Feng Erkang talked about some phenomena in people's life during the Qing Dynasty-these phenomena involved the system, policy, concept, mode of production, the relationship between social economy and people's life, and how foreigners viewed China. , as well as the personality and destiny of historical figures in their lives, and the role of social life in historical evolution.