How to learn interior design well must understand the society and times, and excellent design works also come from good design consciousness. I. Content Classification of Interior Design Interior design is a comprehensive subject with extensive content and strong professionalism, which can be roughly divided into the following four parts: 1. Spatial image design is to deal with the internal space provided by the building, to deal with the internal space defined by the building for the second time, and to redefine it on the basis of the existing spatial scale. Under the premise of not violating the basic principles and ergonomics principles, the relationship between proportion and proportion is reinterpreted, and the problems of unity, contrast and connection with line after transformation are solved well. 2. Interior decoration design, mainly according to certain design requirements, deals with six interfaces of building interior space, namely, ceiling, wall, ground, and internal interfaces such as solid and semi-solid that divide the space. If conditions permit, the building interface itself can also be treated. Learning interior decoration design is closely combined with practical engineering, and it is also an important step to realize the designer's design intention. In modern interior design education, it is also a breakthrough to combine design creativity with time. 3. Indoor physical environment design, this part is mainly about the quality and adjustment of indoor space environment, mainly about the design and treatment of indoor somatosensory climate: heating, ventilation, temperature adjustment and so on. This is an extremely important aspect of modern design, and it is also an integral part of the "people-oriented" design idea. With the development of the times, the humanized design and construction of artificial environment has become the standard to measure the quality of indoor environment. In this process, the development and application of science and technology plays an important role, which mainly refers to various methods, means, instruments and equipment that can transform the indoor environmental quality. However, the indoor environmental quality also includes the introduction of environmental visual perception, for example, using the attraction of external natural environmental factors to change the indoor visual environmental quality. 4. The art design of indoor furnishings mainly involves the design of indoor furniture, equipment, decorative fabrics, furnishings, lighting and greening. The above four parts explain what interior design should include in the design process, and the classification of interior design can be roughly divided into three categories: residential interior design, limited interior design and non-limited interior design. In the interior design of living environment, it mainly refers to the design of residential environment such as houses, various apartments and dormitories. The interior design of limited public space mainly refers to the internal space of schools, kindergartens, office buildings and churches; Interior design of unrestricted public space mainly refers to hotels, cinemas, entertainment spaces, exhibition spaces, libraries, gymnasiums, railway stations, terminal buildings, shops, comprehensive commercial facilities, etc. There are many kinds of interior design, and the professional content covers a wide range. How to handle it well through design coordination requires interior designers to have high artistic accomplishment, master modern science and technology, materials and technology knowledge, and have the ability to solve practical problems. Second, the interior design procedure includes two aspects, namely, the drawing operation procedure of interior design and the project construction procedure of interior design. On the whole, the final result of interior design is a four-dimensional space entity containing time elements, which is completed in the process of drawing two-dimensional planes. It is obviously a very difficult task to complete spatial representation with four-dimensional elements in two-dimensional plane drawing. Therefore, it is necessary to mobilize all possible visual communication tools for interior design and drawing operations. Spatial expression in design education has become the main content of design education. L. The main manifestations adopted in the drawing operation stage are: freehand drawing (sketching, copying and tracing), orthographic projection (plane, elevation, section and detail node), perspective view (one point perspective, two points perspective and three points perspective) and axial side view. Freehand drawing is mainly used for the sketch operation of plane functional layout and spatial image conception; Orthographic drawing is mainly used for scheme and construction drawing operation; Perspective is the best expression of the visual image design scheme of indoor space. At present, there are two ways to express the drawing: hand-drawing and computer-making, but they are all for explaining the space and expressing the design intention. For interior design, drawing operation procedures are basically set according to the flow of design thinking. Generally, it goes through three stages: conceptual design, scheme design and construction design. Among them, the layout of plane function and the conceptual sketch of space image are the themes of drawing operation in the conceptual design stage; Perspective and plan are the themes of drawing operation in the scheme design stage; Section drawing and detail node detail drawing are the themes of drawing operation in construction drawing design stage. There is no strict control over the concrete realization of drawing in each stage, and the mutual infiltration of graphic languages is a common drawing operation mode. 2. Project implementation procedure of interior design This procedure consists of the following steps: formulation of design task book, social investigation of project design content, project conceptual design and professional coordination, scheme determination and construction drawing design, material selection and construction supervision. Among them, the project conceptual design and construction drawing design are closely combined with our current design education. Although interior design major has been set up in many colleges and universities in China, the standardized and systematic teaching mechanism needs to be further improved and developed. At the same time, with the rapid pace of economic development in China, interior design has entered a period of rapid development, and a large number of buildings and more interior spaces have been born. Therefore, a large number of excellent interior designers are needed to intervene, and various educational methods such as self-study exams are adapting to the needs of this era, reflecting its timeliness. Its purpose is very clear, that is, to coordinate the rationality of the space that people adapt to within various conditions, so that its design results can influence and change people's living conditions. The most fundamental thing to achieve this goal is the source of the design idea, that is, what is the initial creative motivation, whether he can adapt to the requirements of the design scheme and solve the problem, and the way to obtain this idea should be to find the problem through scientific and rational analysis, and then put forward the solution to the problem. The whole process is a gradual and natural incubation process, and the designer's design concept should be based on his considerable known information, flowing naturally like running water, rather than suddenly generate like the personal consciousness of pure artistic activities. Of course, the perfect combination of rational analysis of function and artistic form in design should be realized according to the designer's internal quality cultivation and practical experience, which requires the designer to extensively dabble in different kinds of knowledge and have a positive attitude and keen observation on everything. The complicated process of analysis and research is a hard and long-lasting process, and one's efforts cannot be completed perfectly. Staff assistance and teamwork are the key. Although a single designer or a single graphic engineer or material engineer can be independent, it is inevitable that they will lose sight of one thing and lose sight of another, and only a well-coordinated design team can complete it. In the design and planning stage, the first is the data occupancy rate, whether there is a perfect investigation, horizontal comparison, a large number of search data, induction, sorting, finding shortcomings, finding problems, and then analyzing and supplementing. This iterative process will make your design gradually clear in ambiguity and no way to start. Take the design of a computer franchise store as an example. First of all, we must understand its management level, which level of dealers it belongs to, and determine the design scale and scope. Obtain the company's personnel distribution ratio, management mode, business philosophy and brand advantage to determine the fuzzy direction of design. The design methods of other similar spaces are compared and investigated horizontally, and the existing problems and experiences, the advantages and disadvantages of their location and traffic conditions, how to use public facilities and how to solve unfavorable contradictions are obtained. The general scope of customers and determine the design of software facilities. Personnel flow and internal work, rational planning of routes. These should be analyzed and solved in detail in the stage of data collection and analysis. At this stage, we should also put forward a reasonable concept of preliminary design, that is, the direction of artistic expression. B At the end of the summary and analysis stage, a perfect and idealized spatial function analysis diagram should be put forward, that is, a complete and absolutely reasonable functional scheme that abandons the actual plane. Not referring to the actual plane is to avoid framing the designer's perceptual thinking because of preconceived ideas. Although sometimes you don't feel the existence of restrictions, the original plane is bound to be permeated with some design concepts, which will inevitably make you rotate in. When the foundation is perfect, it will enter the substantive design stage. Field investigation and detailed measurement are very necessary. The spatial imagination of drawings is very different from the actual sense of space. Knowing the actual pipeline and light will help you narrow the gap between design and actual effect. At this time, how to integrate your ideal design into the actual space is what you have to do at this stage. An important feature of interior design is that there is no perfect design but the most suitable design, and all designs have shortcomings, because any design is limited, and the purpose of design is to reduce the influence of unfavorable conditions on users through design under limited conditions. It is a reasonable and people-oriented plane planning principle to gradually implement the ideal design scheme into the actual drawings from large to small, and inevitably sacrifice some secondary space caused by conflicts. After the spatial planning is completed, the downward direction is to improve the layout of furniture and equipment. With a good start, the downward movement will proceed very quickly and naturally. In the development stage of C design, from plane to three-dimensional space, the original design concept should be perfected and realized in three-dimensional effect, that is, material, color, lighting and lighting. The choice of materials must first obey the design budget, which is a realistic problem. Single or complex materials are determined by the design concept. Although the application of low-cost but reasonable materials is far stronger than the stacking of luxury materials, of course, excellent materials can perfectly reflect the ideal design effect, but it does not mean that a reasonable design cannot be created with a low budget. The key is how to choose. Color is an indispensable factor to embody the design concept, which complements materials. Daylighting and lighting create an atmosphere. It is not unreasonable to say that the art of interior design is the art of light, although it is exaggerated. The form of art is finally conveyed to people through visual expression. The realization of these designs is ultimately reflected to the owners according to the three-dimensional performance, and designers also improve their own designs through the three-dimensional performance. In this way, the performance chart can affect the success of the scheme, but it will not be the decisive factor. It is only a means and method of assistance and design. Never put the cart before the horse to highlight the effectiveness of the performance, and the design itself should be the decisive factor. D In the detailed design stage, furniture design, decoration design, lighting design, doors and windows, walls and ceilings should be connected. These are the perfect design stages of attachment and development. Most of the problems have been completed in the development stage, but they are more deeply combined with construction and budget. Construction drawing design is the last work of design, and pure technical expression can be the method and procedure steps of interior design. First, the method of interior design, mainly from the designer's way of thinking to analyze, mainly has the following points: 1, focusing on the overall situation, starting from the details, focusing on the whole, focusing on the details, that is, as mentioned in the first chapter, several basic viewpoints that interior design should consider. In this way, the starting point of thinking about problems and starting design is high, and there is a global concept of design. Starting from the details, that is, when designing, we must investigate and collect information according to the nature of indoor use, and master the necessary information and data, starting from the most basic human body size, human flow, scope and characteristics of activities, the size of furniture and equipment, and the necessary space for use. 2, from the inside out, from the outside to the inside, the coordination of local and overall architect a? Eknikov once said: "Any architectural creation should be the result of the interaction between internal factors and external relations, that is,' from the inside out' and' from the outside in'." The "inside" of the indoor environment, other indoor environments associated with this indoor environment, and even the "outside" of the outdoor environment of the building are closely related to each other, and the design needs to be coordinated repeatedly from the inside out and from the outside in order to be more perfect and reasonable. The indoor environment needs to be in harmony with the nature, standard and style of the whole building, and with the outdoor environment. 3. Make up your mind before writing or writing, and pay equal attention to both conception and expression. The idea before writing originally meant that when creating a painting, you must first have an idea, that is, you must think carefully before writing, that is to say, the idea and conception of design are very important. It can be said that design without intention means no "soul", and the difficulty of design often lies in having a good idea. It is good to have a heart in specific design, but a mature idea often needs enough information and time to discuss and think. Therefore, you can also conceive while writing, that is, the so-called pen-heart synchronization. In the early stage of design and the process of making a plan, the ideas and ideas are gradually clear, but the key is to have a good idea. For interior design, it is also very important to express the conception and intention of interior environment design correctly, completely and expressively, so that builders and auditors can fully understand the design intention through drawings, models and explanations. In the competition of design bidding, the integrity, accuracy and beauty of drawing quality is the first pass, because in design, image is a very important aspect after all, drawing expression is the language of designers, and the connotation and expression of an excellent interior design should also be unified. Second, the program steps of interior design According to the design process, interior design can usually be divided into four stages, namely, design preparation stage, scheme design stage, construction drawing design stage and design implementation stage. 1, design preparation stage The design preparation stage is mainly to accept the entrusted task book, sign a contract, or participate in bidding according to the requirements of the tender; Define the design cycle, make the design plan progress, and consider the cooperation and coordination of various related types of work; Clarify the design tasks and requirements such as the use nature, functional characteristics, design scale, grade standard and total cost of interior design tasks, familiarize yourself with design-related norms and quota standards according to the indoor environment atmosphere, cultural connotation or artistic style required by the use nature of tasks, and collect and analyze necessary data and materials, including on-site investigation and visiting similar examples. When signing the contract or formulating the tender documents, it also includes the design schedule and design rate standard, that is, the percentage of the interior design fee charged by the owner to the total investment in interior decoration. 2. Scheme design stage The scheme design stage is to further collect, analyze and apply data and information related to design tasks, conceive, conduct preliminary scheme design and in-depth design, and analyze and compare the schemes on the basis of the design preparation stage. Determine the preliminary design scheme and provide design documents. The documents of indoor preliminary scheme usually include: 1, floor plan, and the common proportions are 1: 50,1:100; 2. Indoor fa? ade development, commonly used ratio 1: 20,1:50; 3. For the top plan or bottom plan, the common ratios are 1: 50,1:100; 4. Interior perspective view; 5. Model room for interior decoration materials; 6. Design intention and cost estimation; The preliminary design scheme must be approved before the construction drawing design can be carried out. 3. In the stage of construction drawing design, it is necessary to supplement the necessary drawings such as plane layout, indoor elevation and ceiling, as well as details of structural nodes, details and equipment pipeline drawings, and prepare construction instructions and cost budget. 4. Design implementation stage The design implementation stage is also the construction stage of the project. Before the indoor engineering construction, the designer should explain the design intention and technical disclosure of drawings to the construction unit; In the process of project construction, it is necessary to check the construction situation according to the requirements of the drawings, and sometimes it is necessary to make local modifications or supplements to the drawings according to the site conditions; After the construction, the project acceptance will be carried out in conjunction with the quality inspection department and the construction unit. In order to make the design achieve the expected effect, interior designers must pay attention to all stages of design, pay full attention to design, construction, materials, equipment and other aspects, and be familiar with and pay attention to the connection with the architectural design and facility design of the original building. At the same time, they must coordinate the relationship with the construction unit and the construction unit, and get communication and understanding on the design intention and conception, so as to achieve the ideal design engineering effect.

I wish you rapid success.