1, snipes and mussels compete.
Description: the provincial language of "the snipe and the clam compete, and the fisherman gains". The metaphor is that the two sides are deadlocked and the third party benefits from it.
From: Qing Xiang Zi Ling's "XuanYuanTing's Mourning Tomb": "After a sea of blood, who dares to savagely scold Qiang Qin? Laugh at him for performance. "
The world is pity, who dares to scold the powerful state of Qin? Laugh at him and strive for the performance of the storm.
The debater used folk fables to illustrate that Zhao Yan's stalemate would bring harm to the two countries, thus preventing Zhao from attacking Yan. It tells people that in all kinds of chaotic and complicated contradictions and struggles, if the opposing sides can't fight, the result will be both losses and the third party will benefit from it.
2. Frog in the well
Explanation: A frog at the bottom of a well can only see a day as big as the wellhead. Metaphor is a narrow-minded person.
From: Zhuangzi Warring States Period "Zhuangzi Qiushui": "Well frogs can't talk to those in the sea, but are confined to the air."
It is impossible for a frog in a well to talk to him about the sea, because he is limited by where he lives.
A frog in the well can only see a small piece of sky at the wellhead. Later, people used the story of frog in the well to describe people with narrow eyes and short eyes.
Step 3 gild the lily
Description: Add feet to the snake when drawing it. It is not only useless but also inappropriate to do something superfluous. It is also a metaphor for fictional facts.
Said by: Qi Ce II, Warring States Policy: "A snake is not enough, can Zi An be enough?"
Snakes have no feet. How can I give enough?
There is a man in Chu who is engaged in sacrificial activities. After the sacrifice, he took out a pot of wine and distributed it to everyone. The guests discussed with each other and said, "This pot of wine is not enough for everyone to drink, and there is still some left for one person to drink. We each draw a snake on the ground, and whoever draws it first will drink this pot of wine. "
A man drew the snake first. He picked up the hip flask and was about to drink it, but he held the hip flask in his left hand and continued to draw the snake in his right hand, saying, "I can draw its feet." Before he finished painting, another man had finished painting the snake, grabbed the pot and said, "snakes have no feet." How can you draw its feet? " Then he drank the wine in the pot. A gild the lily will eventually lose his wine.
4. Call a deer a horse
Explanation: Point to the deer and say it is a horse. Metaphor deliberately turns black and white and confuses right and wrong.
Said by Sima Qian-Han's Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor: "Zhao Gao wants chaos, and he is afraid that his ministers will not listen. First, set up a checkpoint. The next year, he offered a deer and said,' Ma Ye.' II smiled and said,' Is the Prime Minister wrong? Call a deer a horse. Left ask right ask, left ask right ask, or silence, or say Ma Yishun Zhao Gao. "
Zhao Gao wanted to make trouble, for fear that ministers would not listen, so he made an experiment first, gave Qin Ershi a deer and said, Horse. Junior said with a smile, are you wrong? Be a deer horse. Ask the people around you, and everyone around you is silent. Some people say that horses cater to Zhao Gao.
Zhao Gao wants to rebel (usurp the Qin regime), and I'm afraid the ministers won't listen to him, so they set a trap and test it first. So he brought a deer to II and said, "This is a horse." The younger generation smiled and said, "Is there anything wrong with the Prime Minister? You call a deer a horse. " Ask the ministers around you. Some ministers are silent.
Some deliberately cater to Zhao Gao, saying it's a horse, while others say it's a deer. Zhao Gao used the law as an excuse to secretly slander (or frame) people who said they were deer. Since then, ministers have been afraid of Zhao Gao.
5. Cover your ears and steal the bell
Interpretation: cover: cover, cover; Steal: steal. Steal the bell and cover your ears for fear that others will hear you. Metaphorically, you are deceiving yourself, and you must try to cover up what you can't cover up clearly.
From: Lu Chunqiu Self-knowledge: "If the people have a clock, if they want to be negative, the clock is too big to be negative. Destroy it with vertebrae, and the bell will ring. I am afraid that people will smell it and take it away, covering their ears. "
People who want the clock and want to run away with it are too big to carry it. Slander him with his spine. The bell is the same sound. I am afraid that others will hear him deprive himself and suddenly cover my ears.
Fan died, and a man stole a clock. I want to carry it away, but the clock is too big to carry; So I hit the clock with a mallet. As soon as I rang, the bell made a loud noise. He was afraid that others would take it away when they heard the bell, so he quickly covered his ears tightly. He thought it was ridiculous to cover his ears so that others could not hear him.
6. Teach fish to swim.
Commentary: Dance axe in front of Lu Ban. Showing off one's skills in front of experts.
From: Tang Zongyuan's Preface to the Chorus of the King: "When the axe is in the class, it is strong."
It's cheeky to go to the gate of the class camp with an axe.
Lu Ban was a native of Lu during the Warring States Period. He is an expert in making exquisite instruments. People call him an "able man", and people always regard him as the ancestor of carpenters. Who dares to show off his axe skills in front of Lu Ban, that is, to show off his skills in front of experts? This ridiculous behavior of being too modest is called "playing axe before Lu Ban", or "playing axe before Lu Ban" for short.
7. Carve a boat for a sword
Explanation: For example, I don't understand that things have changed, but I still look at the problem statically.
Said by: Lu Chunqiu Cha Jin: "When the Chu people waded across the river, their knives fell into the water from the boat and said to their own boat,' My knives fell from the boat.' The ship stopped at the destination, and the Chu people jumped into the water from the marked place to find the sword. The boat works, but not the sword. If you want a sword, isn't it confusing? "
There was a man crossing the river in Chu State. His sword fell into the water from the boat. He said to the boat, where did it fall? The ship stopped and went into the water from where he marked it to look for the sword. The boat left, but not the sword. Is it stupid to look for a sword like this?
It's easy to salvage a sword by carving a mark. There was nothing wrong with it, but carving a mark on a moving ship doesn't mean there is no mark? This story is a wonderful irony for those who are rigid in thinking and stick to the rules and can't see the development and changes of things. The story tells us that we can't just rely on subjective will, we can't take it for granted, and we should handle it flexibly according to changes in objective conditions.
8. Wait for the rabbit
Description: Plants: Roots exposed from the ground. The original metaphor is luck that you want to succeed without hard work. Now it is also a metaphor for sticking to a narrow experience and not knowing how to change it.
Said by: Han Feizi's Five Cheaps of Han Feizi during the Warring States Period: During the Warring States Period, a farmer in the State of Song saw a rabbit hit a tree root and died, so he put down his hoe and waited by the tree root, hoping to get the bitten rabbit again.
During the Warring States Period, a farmer in the State of Song saw a rabbit hit a tree root and died. He put down his hoe and waited beside the tree root, hoping to get the killed rabbit back.
According to legend, during the Warring States Period, there was a farmer in Song State who worked at sunrise and stopped at sunset. In good years, just eat and wear warm clothes; In case of famine, you will starve to death. He wants to improve his life, but he is too lazy and timid. He is lazy, afraid of everything and always wants to meet the unexpected wealth delivered to his door.
The miracle finally happened. One day in late autumn, he was plowing in the field and there were people hunting around him. The sound of shouting came one after another everywhere, and the frightened little beast ran desperately. Suddenly, a rabbit, impartial, bumped into his field root. ?
On the same day, he had a delicious meal. After that, he stopped farming. All day, looking at the magical roots, waiting for the miracle to appear. ?
9. Encourage the growth of seedlings.
Explanation: "pull". Pulling out seedlings encourages growth. Metaphor goes against the objective law of the development of things and makes things worse by rushing for success.
Said by Mencius in the Warring States Period, On the Ugliness of Mencius: "Some people in the Song Dynasty suddenly came back and said,' I am sick today, so I can help them grow.' His son hurried to see it, Miao was dying. "
There was a man in the state of Song who thought his seedlings were not tall, so he went to the field and pulled them up one by one. He suddenly went home and said to his family,' I was sick today, but at last the seedlings grew tall at once.' His son hurried to see it, and the seedlings were all dead.
There was a man from the Song Dynasty who was worried about the height of his seedlings and pulled them up. He was very tired, but he was still satisfied at the end of the day. He came home and said to his family, "I'm exhausted." I helped the seedlings grow taller! " When his son heard about it, he hurried to the field to see the seedlings, but they all withered.
Few people in the world don't want their seedlings to grow faster! People who give up thinking that seedlings are useless are like lazy people who don't mow the grass. People who help it grow at their own expense, like this one, are not good, but harmful.
10, opposite direction
Explanation: I want to go to the south, but the car is driving north. Metaphor is the opposite of action and purpose.
From: Liu Xiang-Han's Warring States Policy Wei Ce IV: "Even if you are still in Chu, you should go north."
I want to go to the south, but the bus goes to the north.
The King of Wei wanted to attack the State of Zhao, and Liang Ji persuaded him, saying, I met a man driving north on the road and told me that I was going to Chu. I asked him: you want to go to Chu, why do you want to go north? He said,' My horse is fine. I said: your horse is good, but this is not the way to Chu!
He added: I have a lot of travel expenses. I said: although your travel expenses are high, this is not the way to Chu! He added: The man who drives my car is very capable. He doesn't know that the direction is wrong. The better the travel conditions, the farther away from Chu.
Now the king always wants to dominate the princes, and everything he does wants to win the trust of the world. Relying on a powerful country and an elite army, he attacked Handan in order to expand his territory and improve his prestige. Don't you know that the more you do this, the farther away you are from the goal of unifying the world as king, which is like going north to Chu!