language
Hakka people have their own language, that is, Hakka dialect, represented by Meizhou dialect with Meicheng accent in Meizhou City, Guangdong Province (including Meijiang District and Meixian District).
The main features of Hakka dialect are: phonetically, there are many aspirated consonants, and the ancient voiced initials, whether flat or flat, are mostly pronounced as aspirated voiceless, such as "Farewell, Step, Hug" as [p'], "Tuda, Brother" as [t'-] and "Zaizi, Sit". In ancient times, some initials were pronounced as "Fufeng" today, while Hakka dialect emphasized lip sounds, such as "axe, parting, releasing and abdomen" [p-], "incubating, squatting" [p'-] and "gang, fat and rice" [p']. In Ancient Xiao, the initials [f] or [v-] are often read in Hakka dialect, such as fire, flower [f-] and "changing words into yellow words" [v-]. In ancient times, the initials of Xiao group (such as "base, bully, hope") did not palatinate before soft tone, and still retained the pronunciation of tongue root and throat [k k' h]; In most areas, there are no pinching vowels, and pinching vowels are mixed with neat vowels; Ancient nasal rhymes and rhymes are preserved to varying degrees in various places; Tone, there are six tones in most areas and five or seven tones in a few areas. In Changting dialect in western Fujian, Liancheng and Liu Qing are silent, and the rest of the tones are divided into yin and yang, and the upper tones are divided into yin and yang, and the upper tones are self-contained.
Generally speaking, Cantonese does not have the above characteristics. Keep reading [b'], keep reading [d'], keep reading [z'].
There are nine tones of * * * in Cantonese. The tones of 1, 2, 3 and 4 in Cantonese are basically the same as those in Mandarin, while the basic pronunciation in Cantonese can be divided into stress and bass.
take a wife
The wedding of Hakka in western Fujian is not funny. When the man's wedding procession arrives at the woman's house, the bride goes out and stands in a rice screen painted with gossip and Tai Chi, and puts on new shoes, which are called "crossing the rice screen" to symbolize leaving her family's living soil (wealth) and starting a new career at her husband's house. Then back out of the house, get on the bus (sedan chair in ancient times), and my brother spilled a bowl of water on the car to signal the married woman. At this point, the bride burst into tears. After arriving at the man's house, he was dragged by a lucky woman holding a citrus (sweet and auspicious round plate) and passed through the fiery charcoal stove to show "prosperity". When getting started, the bride crosses the chicken, which is called "stopping the door chicken". After entering the main hall to pay homage, enter the bridal chamber and the wedding reception begins. Make trouble in the bridal chamber late at night until you are happy.
winter jasmine
On the first day of the Lunar New Year, Yin, a state official, went to the suburbs to hold a ceremony to welcome the spring cows. Officials dressed as spring officials personally whipped paper-wrapped spring cattle or real cattle to plow the fields to show their respect and hard work for agriculture. In rural areas, sacrifices are made before God. Every household picks branches of holly and flowers of peaches and plums, and ties them on bamboo poles to make "spring bouquets". They stretched out from the patio into the sky and placed offerings in front of the hall. When the "beginning of spring" came, they lit incense sticks and set off firecrackers, which was called "Spring Festival" and prayed for the whole family to live and work in peace and contentment and have a good harvest. In some places, spring cattle are made of soil or paper, distributed to households and placed next to the kitchen god to pray for good weather and good harvests.
A summer hat/bonnet
It has a history of 1000 years. This cool hat is made of thin straw. The top of the hat is sewn with cloth, and some of them are embroidered with flowers (embroidered with plum blossoms). In addition to the front, five-inch long pleats and even colorful fabrics hang on the edge, which looks like elegant and gorgeous flowers from a distance. Unmarried girls are still weaving colorful ribbons at both ends of the hanging cloth. Ribbon has become a symbol of whether Hakka girls get married or not. The cool hat is a unique headdress for Hakka women, which is not only sun-proof, rain-proof, dust-proof and sand-proof.
Liancheng "photographed the past"
Liancheng county is a folk entertainment activity to pray for good weather, prosperity and national security. Children dressed in traditional China operas stood on sedan chairs, carried by 22 young adults. At about 10: 00 a.m. on the 14th day of the first month, surrounded by Bodhisattva sedan chairs, umbrellas for all people, colorful flags and Fan Shi drum band, they sang songs all the way. In the crowd of tens of thousands of villagers and tourists, they began to compete until the leading "Tiangong" shed was out of touch with the "ancient China people" in the second shed. The second time was on the fifteenth day of the first month, and the "ancient things" lined up in the village stream. The drum band splashed water on each other, then three shots were fired, and the "ancient things" shed swarmed in and walked against the water path. They ignore cold and water, and rocks and moss are slippery. They fell down and got up again, marched forward and fought fiercely until they reached the finish line. People enjoy themselves in fighting and keep fit, which is a unique folk sports and entertainment activity during the Spring Festival.
Longyan Cai cha Deng Wu
It has a history of 150 years. Tea-picking lantern dance is a wonderful flower of Fujian folk dance, with the theme of "tea-picking" and "butterfly flapping", accompanied by relaxed and smooth folk tunes, full of cheerful and warm atmosphere. UNESCO once included this song in the library.
Gutian has Dalong.
Lantern Festival Youlong is a traditional mass entertainment activity in Liancheng Gutian, which began in the 16th year of Qing Qianlong (175 1). Gutian Paper Zhalong is 70 cm in diameter and more than 600 meters long. It consists of 150 knots, and more than 600 young and middle-aged people participate in the dance. It is known as "the first righteous dragon in the world".
Western Fujian Han Opera
With its unique style, it is widely popular in Hakka areas in western Fujian, Longyan, Zhangping and other places, and is one of the main local operas in Fujian Province. Divided into four industries: health, Dan, ugliness and purity; Musical instruments include the head string, Qin Yue, Sanxian and Pipa, as well as erhu, flute, suona, gong, gong, bowl, drum, money board and splint. More than 200 traditional dramas with books have been collected and recorded.
Puppet show in western Fujian
There are as many as 36 puppets, and each puppet is hung by more than 10 ropes. The puppet is 76.59 cm long and its head is about 8.32 cm. Their eyes can turn, their mouths can open and their limbs can move. Penny, Wu, Wen and Wu Laosheng, Zheng, Wu Chou, Wen, Jason Wu and Wen Chou. Music singing can be divided into "treble" and "random play". The basic tune of "Gao Qiang" is "Nine Tones and Thirteen Tones", which is mainly Qing and sung in Hakka dialect. "Random Bomb" absorbed the vocals of Xipi and Huanger in the Han drama in western Fujian, and was sung in Mandarin. There are hundreds of puppet shows. In 1950s, Minxi Puppet Troupe went to Shanghai to participate in East China local opera performance and won the "Special Art Performance Award".