Full name: United States of America.

National anthem: The Song of the Stars and Stripes

Capital: Washington D.C.

The largest city: new york.

Official language: American English (non-official)

Political system: federalism, freedom and democracy.

Current President: george walker bush

independence

Declaration of independence1July 4, 776

Recognition of independence13 September 783

zone

The total is 963 1, 420 km?

The water area ratio is 4.87%

Human population

Estimated 300 million in 2006 (third place)

Density 32/ km? (No.140)

2006 GDP (purchasing power parity) estimate

A total of $65,438+03.05 trillion (No.65,438+0)

$43,555 per person (third place)

National flower: Rose symbolizes beauty, fragrance, enthusiasm and love. National stone: sapphire

National bird: vulture (vulture) The United States is the first country in the world to determine the national bird. Vultures are beautiful in appearance, fierce in temperament and full of feathers on their heads. Its biggest feature is white head and white tail. It represents courage, strength and victory. Definition of country name: the United States of America is the abbreviation of U.S.A, and the United States is named after the state.

Human development index (2003) 0.944 (No.10)-on the high side.

Currency dollar

Time zones UTC-5 to-10.

Daylight Saving Time UTC-4 to-10

International domain is short for us.gov.edu.mil.um

International telephone area code+1

The United States of America (English: United States of America), commonly known as the United States and formerly known as Citigroup, is a federal republic in North America. The United States is the oldest constitutional country in the world.

The United States is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west, Canada in the north and Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico in the south. Its capital is Washington, D.C. ..

The United States originated from the North American colony that broke away from British rule in 1776. In 13, the colonial representatives jointly issued the declaration of independence of the United States. After an arduous war of independence, they signed the Paris Agreement with Britain in 1783, which was recognized by all countries in the world.

politics

The United States is the oldest existing constitutional republic, and the earliest written constitution in the world is still in operation. Authorized by the Constitution, the government practices representative democracy through the National Assembly. There are three levels of government: federal government, state government and local government. Officials of the three levels of government are elected by voters by secret ballot or appointed by elected officials. The Chief Executive and the officials of the legislature are elected by a single constituency majority system, and the judicial system and cabinet officials are appointed by the Chief Executive and approved by the legislature. In some countries, officials of the judicial system are also elected by the majority system.

The federal government itself has three branches, which restrict and balance each other:

Legislature: that is, Congress, which consists of House of Representatives and Senate;

Executive organs: namely, the President, cabinet officials nominated by the President and approved by the Senate, and their subordinates are responsible for exercising administrative power based on federal laws;

Judiciary: Supreme Court and lower federal courts. Judges are nominated by the President and approved by the Senate.

The United States Congress has a bicameral legislative system. The House of Representatives has 435 seats, representing their respective congressional districts, with a term of two years. According to the population distribution, the seats in the House of Representatives are re-divided every 10 years, and each state will be allocated at least 1 seats in the House of Representatives: at present, only seven states have 1 seats, and California, the most populous state, has as many as 53 seats. Regardless of the population, each state has two seats in the Senate, adding up to * * * 100 seats, with a term of six years; Every two years, one-third of senators are reelected.

Within the federal system, the relationship between the state and the federal government is very complicated. According to American law, states are sovereign entities. However, the rules established by the American Civil War and Texas v. White case are that the state has no right to secede from the union; According to the constitution, there is no diplomatic right. Federal laws in the United States are superior to different laws enacted by States in the areas authorized by the Constitution, but the power of the federal government can only be exercised within the scope stipulated by the Constitution. All powers not granted to the federal government are reserved by the state government and the people themselves.

A series of amendments, such as the US Constitution and Bill of Rights, are devoted to protecting civil liberties, including freedom of speech, religious belief and the press. The right to a fair trial; The right to own and carry weapons; Elections and property rights. Although the western ideology cherished by the United States pursues human rights, it is also controversial in practice: racial discrimination was not prohibited until the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Generally speaking, the leading power of state affairs is entirely in the hands of state governments. This includes internal communication; Laws and regulations on property, industry, commerce and public facilities; State laws, such as the death penalty; And work in the state. The laws of many states are very similar from state to state. In other areas, the jurisdiction of the state government overlaps with that of the federal government.

In recent years, the federal government has begun to play an increasingly important role in the fields of medical care, education, welfare, transportation, housing and urban development. State constitutions are basically the same as federal constitutions, except for some details, including human rights and government organizations. In commercial, financial, public service and welfare institutions, state constitutions are usually more detailed than federal constitutions.

The federal and state governments in the United States mainly compete with two political parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. Some candidates from small parties may sometimes be elected. The center-right and the party usually belong to social conservatives on social issues and classical liberalism on economic issues. The center-left Democratic Party usually belongs to liberals on social issues and progressives on economic issues. Americans generally tend to support one of the two political parties, but some people support independent small political parties and candidates, including the Liberal Party, the Green Party and the Reform Party. Except for the Democratic Party's temporary majority in the Senate from 200/kloc-0 to 2002, the Republican Party has maintained the majority in both houses since 1994. The current President george walker bush belongs to the * * * and Party. After the mid-term elections in 2006, the situation changed again. The Democratic Party replaced the Republican Party as the majority party in both houses.

administrative division

Except Hawaii and Alaska, the other 48 states are located on the American continent, which is also called the continental United States. Some people regard Alaska as a "native" state, because although it is separated from the "Lower 48 States" by Canada, it is still a part of the North American continent geographically. All these words usually include Washington, D.C. ... the fiftieth state, Hawaii, located in the Pacific Islands.

The United States also occupied other lands, regions and occupied areas, the most special being Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, but it had no statehood. Other overseas island territories include American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands. Baal Milla Atoll is the only incorporated territory in the United States, but it is currently uninhabited. Small islands outside the United States are made up of many uninhabited islands in the Caribbean and the Pacific. In addition, because of 1898, the United States has a huge naval base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.

The areas previously occupied by the United States include the Panama Canal area, which has been American territory from 1903 to 1979. In addition, the Philippine Islands also belonged to American territory from 1898 to 1935. Before the Philippines became a completely independent country, the United States established a transitional form here, and finally the Philippines became independent in 1946.

In addition to the actual states and territories of the United States, several countries have voluntarily joined the associated countries of the United States, including Micronesia (since 1986), Palau (since 1994) and Marshall Islands (since 1986), all of which have retained their sovereignty in international law and the highest control over their territories. However, the governments of these countries allow the United States to provide national defense and financial assistance, and the United States also gives these countries special treatment, providing many opportunities to join US domestic policy plans, including disaster prevention, relief and reconstruction. These freely associated countries rely on the financial assistance provided by the United States to maintain government operations and capital needs.

diplomacy

The United States has global economic, political and military influence, and its foreign policy trend has always been the focus of world attention and discussion. The scale of American diplomatic relations is the largest in the world. Almost all countries have embassies and ambassadors in DC. Israel, Britain, Canada and Japan are regarded as America's closest allies. Only a few countries have not established formal diplomatic relations with the United States, including Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Somalia and Sudan.

During the American War of Independence, the United States established diplomatic relations with some European countries and persuaded France, Spain and the Netherlands to help fight Britain. In the subsequent years of land reclamation, the United States has been vacillating between pro-French and pro-British choices. At that time, the United States was unwilling to intervene in European affairs and focused on the territorial development of North America. Later, Monroe Doctrine weakened Europe's influence in Latin America to ensure the dominance of American regional affairs. The expansion policy of the United States has successively triggered wars with Mexico and Spain, and both wars ended in the victory of the United States. During the civil war, the United States accused Britain and France of supporting the split of the United States in the south and trying to occupy Mexico, but after the civil war, the dominant position of the United States in North America has never been challenged.

With the increasing national strength, the United States began to turn its attention overseas, especially the development of foreign trade. To this end, the United States occupied many territories in the Pacific Ocean, including Hawaii and the Philippines, forcing Japan to open its trade and compete with European powers for influence in China. After World War II, the United States played an important role in the founding of the United Nations and became one of the five permanent members of the Security Council.

During the cold war, the United States initially tried to limit the influence of the Soviet Union in the world. In order to contain the Soviet Union, the United States, Canada and 10 Western European countries * * * established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, uniting their allies to oppose any military invasion of North America and Europe. Later 14 European countries joined this * * * defense alliance one after another, including Turkey, some former Warsaw Pact members and some former Soviet Union. For the sake of political reality, the United States has also formed alliances with producers who fought against the Soviet Union, such as People's Republic of China (PRC) after the split between China and the Soviet Union. In recent years, the United States has focused on its own border security to prevent illegal immigrants and illegal drug trafficking from entering the country-especially for Mexico and Caribbean countries. The United States is also committed to fighting terrorism and avoiding the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, but its main goal is still to protect national interests at home and abroad and the safety of citizens.

military affairs

The US military is divided into four services: Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps, all of which are managed by the Ministry of National Defense. The coast guard is under the jurisdiction of the Department of Homeland Security in peacetime and the Admiralty in wartime.

Although the US military experienced World War I, World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War, Kosovo War, Iraq War and other wars from the 20th century to today's 100 year, and participated in many UN peacekeeping operations, such as driving the Iraqi troops that invaded Kuwait out of Kuwait in the Gulf War, the total number of US soldiers killed by these wars and peacekeeping operations was less than 500,000, while 65,438+American civilians in the United States were few.

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the military strength of the US military was stronger than that of any other country in the world. What is special about the US military is that it can quickly project its military power to the whole world. Although France and Britain also have certain military projection power, the US military is the only army that can carry out large-scale regional wars in any country and any corner of the world. The United States also has the largest usable nuclear arsenal in the world and is the only country in the world that has used nuclear weapons in actual combat. At the end of World War II, two atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan.

The military potential of the U.S. military is also manifested in logistics management, and its great advantages in this respect enable the U.S. military to quickly assemble its troops to deal with the war. The US Air Force has huge aircraft carriers such as C-5, C- 17, and is equipped with the most advanced F-22 Raptor fighter in the world. The US Navy has 12 large aircraft carriers in active service, which conforms to the principle of military projection and enables the US military to quickly respond to any possible threat. The United States joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a regional military defense organization, on April 4, 1949, which also gave the United States a military protection barrier except the US military.

At present, there are 6,543,800 active servicemen and hundreds of thousands of soldiers in reserve and national guard. The United States implements voluntary military service and compulsory military service in wartime. The United States ranks first in the world in military expenditure, and in 2005, its military expenditure exceeded the sum of 14 countries. However, the US military budget only accounts for 4% of its GDP. The United States has more than 700 military bases around the world, including Cuba, which has no diplomatic relations with the United States, covering all continents except Antarctica.

Compared with the Cold War, the military expenditure and attitude of the United States have changed greatly due to the changes in military thinking within the political system. Measured purely by material resources, the current expenditure of the US military is smaller than that of 20 years ago. However, the US military is still regarded by the world as a well-trained and most advanced force. Compared with potential rivals, the U.S. military has an absolute advantage in science and technology, which is accumulated through a lot of scientific research investment all the year round. Research related to national defense has led to many technological breakthroughs, including space exploration, computer, Internet, hypertext system, nuclear energy, global positioning system, low detectability, bulletproof vest, even microwave oven, and recently developed laser weapon. For the us military, these research funds are usually higher than the combatants' funds. Military technology keeps close contact with the private economy, which has contributed to the development of science, technology and economy in the United States. Other countries often benefit from technology transfer.

economy

Looking at the economic history of the United States, it is a transition from a successful colonial economy to the world's largest industrial country in the 20th century.

The American economic system has the characteristics of both capitalism and mixed economy. In this system, enterprises and private institutions make major microeconomic decisions, and the government plays a less important role in domestic economic life; However, the sum of governments at all levels accounts for 36% of GDP; Among developed countries, the social welfare network in the United States is relatively small, and the government's control over business is lower than that in other developed countries.

In different parts of the country, the focus of economic activities is different. For example, new york is the center of finance, publishing, broadcasting and advertising. Los Angeles is the production center of movies and TV programs; The San Francisco Bay Area and the Pacific Northwest are technology development centers; The midwest is the center of manufacturing and heavy industry, Detroit is a famous automobile city, and Chicago is the financial and commercial center of the region; Southeast China is mainly engaged in medical research, tourism and building materials, and its salary cost is lower than other regions, so it continues to attract manufacturing investment.

The service industry accounts for the largest proportion in the United States, and three-quarters of the country's labor force is engaged in the service industry. The United States is rich in mineral resources, including gold, oil and uranium, but many energy supplies depend on foreign imports. The United States is one of the largest agricultural exporters in the world, and its main agricultural products include corn, wheat, sugar and tobacco. The amazing agricultural output of the great plains in the central and western regions makes it known as the "world granary". American industrial products mainly include automobiles, airplanes and electronic products. The United States also has developed tourism, ranking third in the world. The United States is also a major exporter of aircraft, steel, weapons and electronic equipment.

The largest trading partner of the United States is neighboring Canada (19%), followed by China (12%), Mexico (1 1%) and Japan (8%). Every day, about $ 165438+ billion worth of products flow through the border between the United States and Canada. The American economy is considered as the largest and most important economy in the world. The American economy is highly developed, and the currencies of many countries in the world are linked to the US dollar. The American securities market is considered as a barometer of the world economy.

Although the per capita income of the United States ranks among the highest in the world, its wealth is relatively concentrated. Compared with western Europe, 40% of the population is relatively poor, while the top 20% of the population is rich. Since 1975, social mobility is low, the labor market is polarized, and the fruits of economic growth flow to 20% families with higher incomes. This gap is caused by relatively high economic freedom. However, as the Gini coefficient shows, the average household income in the United States is still much higher than that in most industrialized countries. Moreover, in the 2006 Human Development Report published by the United Nations, the human development index of the poorest 20% population in the United States is also the same as that of Cuba, a producer that calls itself "the superiority of socialism".

Since Ronald Reagan/Kloc-0 became president in the 1980s, the United States has increased the use of neo-liberal economic policies, reduced government intervention in the economy, reduced the size of the welfare system, and abandoned the Keynesian economic policies that have been implemented for a long time since the economic panic. Therefore, the American government provides less social welfare services than other industrialized countries, reduces domestic taxes, and relies more on free markets and private charities.

science and technology

The United States is one of the most influential countries in scientific and technological research and technological product innovation. Many of the most important inventions in the history of human industry, including cotton gin, general parts, production line, etc. , originated in the United States, in which industrial production lines are particularly important, making industrial mass production from a dream to a reality. Other important inventions include airplanes, light bulbs and telephones. The United States also planned the famous Manhattan Atomic Bomb Project, Apollo Moon Landing Project and Human Genome Project in the 20th century. During World War II, the United States first developed the atomic bomb, which brought human science and technology into a new era of the atomic age. After the beginning of the Cold War, the United States took the lead in the field of space science and technology and took the lead in the space race, which led to great progress in rocket technology, weapons research, materials science, computers and other fields. 1969 In July, when neil armstrong stepped out of Apollo 1 1 spacecraft and became the first man to set foot on the moon, the competition reached its peak. The United States has made great contributions in the history of computer and Internet development, including the computer invented in World War II, the initial militarized application, and the development and innovation of personal computers today. ARPA network founded by US Department of Defense is the pioneer of network technology.

American scholars have won many Nobel Prizes in scientific research, especially in the fields of biology and medicine. The National Health Research Center of the United States is the focus of biomedical science in the United States, and has completed the human genome project, which has made the research on the cure of cancer, Alzheimer's disease and other diseases enter an important stage. The government agency responsible for aerospace research is NASA. Private companies such as Boeing and Lockheed Martin also played an important role.

transport

Because the automobile industry developed quite early in the United States (compared with other western countries), the development of many cities in the United States has paid attention to the road network design matching cities and residential areas in advance. In order to connect the vast territory, the United States has designed and built large and high-speed highways in Qualcomm, and the national transportation system of the United States mainly relies on these highway networks. One of the most important is the construction of interstate highway system. These expressways were built under the authorization of then President dwight eisenhower in 1960s and 1950s. According to the data in 2004, the total length of American highways is 6407637 kilometers, ranking first in the world.

Although the United States used to be a British colony, since the United States became independent from Britain, because it wanted to draw a clear line with Britain, the former sovereign country, and indirectly supported American independence with right-handed France, it did not follow the British principle of "walking left and standing right" (right-handed and left-handed), but set the road traffic direction as "right-handed" (left-handed and right-handed). This plan has also affected other countries,

Big cities also have systems to build public transportation. New york's subway network is one of the largest, and it is also one of the largest MRT networks in the world. Regional railway and bus networks extend to Long Island, northern new york, New Jersey and Connecticut, which have become one of the largest transport networks in the world. But generally speaking, the public transportation in American cities is still relatively weak compared with other developed countries, and people use private cars more.

The United States has built a transcontinental railway network to transport goods between 48 states. The National Railroad Passenger Transport Company of the United States has also built a railway network spanning 46 of the 48 states, dedicated to passenger transport. The American railway freight system is the busiest and most advanced in the world, and the total length of American railways ranks first in the world. However, American railway passenger transport is not as developed as Western Europe and Japan, partly because of its vast territory. If you want to reach a big city thousands of miles away, it takes less time to fly than to take the railway. According to the analysis of the American government, air passenger transport was the main reason for the collapse of the railway passenger transport company in the 1970s.

Air transportation is a better choice for long-distance travel. In terms of passenger flow, among the 30 busiest airports in the world in 2004, 17 were located in the United States, among which Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport in Atlanta ranked first. In terms of cargo volume, in the same year, 65,438+02 of the 30 busiest cargo airports in the world were in the United States, including Memphis International Airport (MEM), which ranked first.

Many major ports in the world are also located in the United States; The busiest ports are Los Angeles Port and Long Beach Port in California, and new york Port, which are the busiest ports in the world. There is also a lot of shipping traffic in the Great Lakes. Each Great Lake is widely connected with the Mississippi River network, and the lowest part of the river goes directly to the Atlantic Ocean. The Erie Canal, the first canal connecting the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean, promoted the rapid development of agriculture and industry in the midwest of the United States and made new york the economic center of the United States.

geography

The land area of the United States is the fourth largest in the world, second only to Russian, Canadian and China. The United States borders the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west, the Gulf of Mexico in the south and Canada in the north. Alaska also borders Canada, with the Pacific Ocean in the south and the Arctic Ocean in the north. Hawaii is located on an island in the Pacific Ocean, in the southwest of the North American continent.

The topography of the United States is varied, especially in the west. There are coastal plains on the east coast, which are wide in the south and narrow in the north. There are no coastal plains in northern New Jersey, but there are some glacial sedimentary plains in Long Island and other places. Behind the coastal plain is a hilly area, which extends to the Appalachian Mountains in North Carolina and New Hampshire, at an altitude of 6,000 feet (1, 830 meters). To the west of the Appalachian Mountains is the inner plain of the Midwest of the United States, which is relatively flat. The Great Lakes and the Mississippi River Basin, the fourth largest river in the world, are also located here. To the west of the Mississippi River, the topography of the internal plain began to rise, and finally it entered the Great Plains, a vast area with almost no topographic features in the central United States. In the west of the Great Plains, there are towering Rocky Mountains, which bisect the American continent from south to north. The highest peak in Colorado reaches14,000 feet (4,270 meters). In the past, volcanic activity in the Rocky Mountains was frequent. There is only one area left (the super volcano in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming-probably the largest volcano in the world). There are many mountains, salt plains and valleys in great basin in the west of the Rocky Mountains and the south of the Sierra Nevada, which itself has rugged canyons. In the southwest of great basin, there is the Death Valley below sea level, which is also the lowest area in the western hemisphere. North of the washbasin and east of the waterfall is the Columbia River Plateau, where there is a large-scale igneous rock area, which is the largest flood basalt area on the earth. The Colorado Plateau, which flows through the Colorado River, is located in the center of the four corners of the state. The average altitude of the plateau is extremely high, and there are strongly eroded sandstone belts. These red clay plateaus are also home to several national parks, including Bryce, Grand Canyon and Zain. In the Sierra Nevada to the west of the washbasin, there is Mount Whitney, the highest elevation in the United States. Next to the Pacific coast are the Pacific Coast Mountains and the Volcano Cascade Mountains, which run across the United States from south to north. There are also many mountains in Alaska, including Mount McKinley, the highest mountain in North America, which is as high as 20,320 feet (6 194 meters). There are also many volcanoes in the Aleutian Islands to the west and south of Alaska. Hawaii is a tropical volcanic island group, with a distribution area of over 65,438+0,500 miles (2,400 kilometers). It consists of six large islands and a dozen other small islands.

climate

Because of its vast territory and extensive geographical features, the United States has almost all climate types in the world. The relatively ideal climate of the United States is also one of the reasons why it has become a world power. There are few serious droughts and abuses in major agricultural areas, and the temperature is mild, so enough rainfall can be obtained.

The climate in the United States is mainly influenced by the Arctic airflow, which brings a wide range of low pressure from the Pacific Ocean every year. When these low pressures pass through the Sierra Nevada, Rocky Mountains and Cascade Mountains, they carry a lot of water. When these pressures reach the Central Plains, they can recombine, leading to the meeting of major air masses and severe thunderstorms, especially in spring and summer. Sometimes, these rainstorms may join other low pressure, continue to spread to the east coast and the Atlantic Ocean, and evolve into a more intense northeast storm (Nor'easter), resulting in large-scale heavy snowfall in the northeastern United States and the mid-Atlantic region of New England. The vast grasslands of the Great Plains have also formed many of the most extreme climate change phenomena in the world.

The washbasin area and the principle of Columbia River height are arid areas with little rainfall, and the average rainfall in the driest time is less than 15 inch (38 cm). The southwestern United States is an arid desert. In the hottest weeks of summer, the temperature exceeds 100 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius). The southwest and washbasin areas will also be affected by the monsoon from the Gulf of California, occasionally bringing rare rainstorms. Most of California has a Mediterranean climate, and sometimes there will be heavy rain from June 10 to April of the following year, while it hardly rains in other months. It rains all the year round in the northwest near the Pacific Ocean, but it rains the most in winter and spring. The western mountainous area absorbs enough water, and the rainfall and snowfall are quite heavy. Cascade Mountain is one of the places with the largest snowfall in the world, but there is not much snowfall in coastal areas with low altitude.

Animals and plants

There are more than 17000 species of native plants and trees in the United States, and there are 5000 species in California alone, which are distributed from tropical regions to the North Pole. The plants in the United States are the most diverse in the world. At the same time, thousands of non-native alien species sometimes affect native plants and animals. There are more than 400 species of mammals, more than 700 species of birds, more than 500 species of reptiles and amphibians, and more than 90,000 species of insects found in the United States. Many plants and animals are confined to their sub-regions, while others are in danger of extinction.

The United States is also one of the first countries in the world to attach importance to environmental protection. 1872, the federal government established Yellowstone National Park to protect the local environment, becoming the first national park in the world. Since then, another 57 national parks and hundreds of parks and forests managed by the federal government have also been established. Some areas have also established wilderness reserves to ensure the long-term protection of local animal and plant habitats. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is responsible for monitoring endangered and threatened animals and plants, and has established many animal and plant habitat reserves throughout the country. These animal and plant reserves add up to 65,438+0,020,779 square miles (2,643,807 square kilometers)-accounting for 28.8% of the country's total area. These lands are protected by the federal government, but in some areas, oil exploration, mining and the operation of large farms have also been relaxed.

language

Although there is no official language in the United States, English is the de facto national language. According to the statistics in 2003, about 214.8 million (8 1.6%) people over the age of five only speak English at home. English is the most common communication language, and mastering a certain degree of English is also one of the requirements for immigrants to become naturalized. Some Americans call for English to be promoted to the official language, and 27 States have passed local laws to ensure the official status of English; Three states recognize other languages as parallel to English: French in Louisiana, Hawaiian in Hawaii and Spanish in New Mexico. In addition to English, languages with a population of more than 6.5438+0000 include Spanish (29.7 million), Chinese (2.2 million), French (6.5438+04 million), Tagalog (6.5438+03 million) and Vietnamese (6.5438+065438+0000). In addition to these major languages, there are 336 other languages in the United States, of which 176 is a native language.

education

In the United States, education management is the responsibility of the state or local government, not the federal government. However, the Federal Ministry of Education can exert a certain degree of influence by controlling education funds. Students have the legal obligation to receive education from kindergarten to 12 grade in public schools; Usually 18 years old can graduate, but many States allow students over 16 years old to leave school. In addition to attending public schools, parents can also choose to educate their children at home or send their children to church or private schools. After graduating from high school, students can choose to attend public or private universities. Public universities receive funds from federal or state governments and other channels, but most students still have to repay their student loans after graduation. Tuition fees in private universities are usually higher than those in public universities. Many students enter the workplace or the army to earn tuition before entering universities and colleges. The US military and many private enterprises also subsidize employees' higher education tuition.

The average education level in the United States is extremely high, and the United Nations economic index survey ranks the education level in the United States as the first in the world. At present, 76.6 million Americans are receiving education (from kindergarten to university). Many universities in the United States are also very competitive, whether public or private. Among the top 500 universities in the world, the United States accounts for 168, and among the top 20 universities, the United States accounts for 17. There are about 3,600 universities in the United States, so the top 50 universities in the United States are famous schools. There are six most famous universities (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, California Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Yale University, Princeton University and Stanford University), because they are not only the most difficult to apply, but also rank in the top10 in every national or world university ranking; More than 80% American Nobel Prize winners have studied or worked in one of these six prestigious universities. . Massachusetts Institute of Technology has the reputation of "the best university of technology in the world"; Harvard university's literature and history doctors are recognized as the best in the United States.