To understand why muscles cramp, let's start with how muscles move: after the body feels all kinds of information from the outside world, it reports to the brain through sensory nerves, and the brain issues instructions after comprehensively analyzing the information, and then the motor nerves inform the muscles, and the muscles can contract according to regulations, so that they can make various actions. However, problems in any of these links may lead to abnormal muscle contraction, spasm and pain.

The reason for cramping is combing.

Maybe it's a physical defect. what

Calcium deficiency can make you cramp: when it comes to cramps, people usually think of calcium deficiency, which is indeed a major reason. In addition, dehydration, magnesium deficiency, potassium deficiency and hypoglycemia may also cause cramps.

Let's start with calcium deficiency. Calcium ion can maintain the normal degree of muscle excitement, but it must be maintained in a suitable range, not too much or too little. When the concentration of calcium ion in blood exceeds 2.75 mmol/L, the excitability of muscle decreases. If it is lower than 2.25 mmol/L, the muscles will become restless, and the slight stimulation will make it easy to cramp, that is, cramp.

Hypoglycemia is also easy to cramp: muscles also have bad temper, that is, they can't be "hungry", and when they are hungry, they will be crazy.

Glucose provides energy for muscle exercise. Hypoglycemia (blood sugar

Other physical and environmental obstacles can also cramp: muscles are also very picky about the water and electrolyte environment in the body. Water, sodium, potassium, chlorine, etc. * * * together constitute the water and electrolyte environment in the body, and the disorder of this environment will also lead to abnormal excitement of muscles and cause spasms.

Diarrhea, pneumonia, sweating and fever, and tumor are all common causes of water and electrolyte imbalance in the body. For example, after a sauna or long-distance running, a lot of sweating may lead to imbalance of water and electrolyte. At this time, cramps are prone to occur, which can be improved by adding appropriate amount of light salt water. In addition, in the elderly, due to long-term use of diuretics or insufficient fluid intake, cramps caused by dehydration will also occur.

Muscle spasms caused by low magnesium are most common in pregnant women and the elderly, and can also be secondary to other conditions, such as hyperventilation, massive vomiting, low magnesium diet, parathyroid dysfunction and so on.

Low potassium can also cause muscle spasms, but most of them are accompanied by muscle weakness. Other studies have shown that the deficiency of vitamin B 1, calcium pantothenate and vitamin B6 can all lead to muscle spasm.

External stimuli can also make people cramp.

Some drugs can make people cramp: many drugs can cause muscle cramps, such as diuretics, donepezil for Alzheimer's disease, neostigmine for myasthenia gravis, Topca Peng for Parkinson's disease, nifedipine for hypertension, terbutaline for asthma, lovastatin for reducing blood fat and so on. Some drugs can also cause muscle spasm after stopping using, such as barbiturates and anesthetics.

Cold and fatigue are more likely to cramp: don't think that "catching cold" is an "old saying" without scientific basis. When people are cold, the brain will send a signal to make the whole body skeletal muscle contract intermittently, thus generating more heat to maintain body temperature. When the excitability of muscle cells increases due to other reasons, such as accumulation of metabolites, vasospasm, calcium deficiency, etc. If stimulated by cold, it is easy to have spasms. At this time, cold is the main inducing factor.

Fatigue is a common cause of metabolic waste accumulation. Muscle working for a long time not only consumes a lot of energy reserves of glycogen in muscle, but also produces a lot of metabolites such as creatinine and lactic acid. Just like workers who have worked for a long time, they have accumulated a lot of dissatisfaction. Once there is a fuse, they will go on strike in the form of cramps.

Cold and fatigue easily lead to leg cramps, which are vividly reflected in swimming. After swimming for a long time, our leg muscles are tired, which leads to the accumulation of metabolites inside and outside muscle cells. Coupled with the stimulation of cold water, the brain frequently starts muscle contraction to generate heat, and the muscles are overwhelmed and can only twitch and protest.

Muscle fatigue caused by poor posture or repeated exercise for a long time is also the cause of cramps. In addition, if you don't do enough warm-up before exercise, your muscles can't adapt to sudden contraction or sudden temperature change, which will also cause muscle cramps.

Cramps may occur during exercise, after exercise, or even a few hours after exercise. Therefore, if you go shopping crazily during the day and unfortunately let your calf stick out of the quilt at night, it is not so unexpected to be awakened by cramped calf muscles in the middle of the night.

The brain commands blindly, and the muscles cramp.

Abnormal muscle activity may also be caused by the nervous system, for example, when the mood is too tense, it may cause cramps. In addition, if there are brain problems, such as encephalitis, cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, chorea, TIC disorder and so on. And motor nerve problems, such as lumbar disc herniation, sciatica, Guillain-Barre syndrome and so on. These may have symptoms of muscle spasm, but at the same time they will be accompanied by other manifestations of nervous system damage. If you consider this problem, you need to consult a professional neurologist.

In addition, some postures are easy to cause muscle cramps. For example, when a person lies on the bed and his toes exert downward force, it will induce calf cramps. This action should be avoided to prevent spasm. In addition, the opposite action should be taken. You can try to hold the forefoot with your hand and straighten the cramped leg hard, so as to lengthen the muscles and resist cramps. At this time, the symptoms can be relieved quickly.