Good car maintenance is not only to keep the car in good condition and prolong its service life, but more importantly, the driving safety of the car can not be ignored, and the maintenance is not in place, which may also cause potential safety hazards, so we must pay attention to car maintenance.
Some friends may think that car maintenance means changing the oil on time. This view is very one-sided. Automobile maintenance is not only aimed at the engine, but at each system of the whole vehicle. Changing the oil is only the most basic item.
In order to give you a clear concept of car maintenance, we will list and explain the maintenance items that need to be carried out according to the five-year cycle of 65438+ 10,000 kilometers. In order to make everyone more clear, we will explain it in two parts, engine maintenance items and other maintenance items (chassis, air conditioning, etc. ).
This article is relatively long, close to 5000 words, which is rather boring. If you want to have a detailed understanding of car maintenance, I suggest you calm down and read this article carefully, and you will certainly gain something.
Let's start with the contents of the engine.
Oil, oil filter
Engine oil is the lubricating oil in the engine, which plays an important role in lubrication, cooling, cleaning, sealing and transmission. The importance of engine oil is equivalent to blood for people, and an engine without engine oil will be scrapped after running for a few minutes. The engine is under high temperature and high pressure, and the working environment of oil is harsh, and the life of oil is limited. If the oil is not changed for a long time, it will cause the performance of the oil to decline in all aspects, and the engine will run without protection, which will aggravate the wear and tear. And the oil will be consumed normally. If the oil is not changed for a long time, the oil will be consumed one day.
The function of the oil filter is to filter impurities in the oil, so the oil and the oil filter should be replaced together, and the replacement period is half a year or 5000km to 1 year or 10000km. The reason why the oil change cycle is different is the different performance of the oil. We often hear that "All synthetic engine oil" belongs to the category with good performance, and can use 1 year or 10000km, while the corresponding mineral engine oil has poor performance, and the replacement cycle is half a year or 5000km.
In addition to whether it is fully synthesized, it depends on two engine oil indicators, API and SAE. API indicates the performance of engine oil, and the common indicators are SM and SN. The lower the alphabetical order, the better the oil performance. SAE is a representation of the viscosity of engine oil, and the common indicators are 5W-30, 5W-40, etc., in which the number before W indicates the minimum operating temperature of engine oil, and 5W can withstand the low temperature of -30℃; The number after W is the high temperature viscosity of oil. The larger the number, the higher the viscosity.
Therefore, the choice of engine oil depends not only on performance, but also on SAE index. The first is low-temperature applicability, which should be selected according to the lowest temperature of the vehicle, and high-temperature viscosity should be selected according to different engines. Generally speaking, Japanese and Korean engines need low oil viscosity, while European and American engines need high oil viscosity. Specific to the model, it is also relatively simple. The specification of each car will indicate the appropriate oil viscosity in detail, and some models even indicate it directly on the engine block.
With regard to the choice of engine oil, we recommend that you use all-synthetic engine oil engine oil on the basis of determining the choice of engine oil for SAE vehicles according to the ambient temperature and specific vehicles. Although the price in synthetic engine oil is higher, the replacement cycle is longer, and the use cost is not high in the long run, so the engine can be better protected during the use cycle.
Air filter
The engine also needs to "breathe", and there are bound to be various impurities in the air inhaled into the engine. The function of the air filter is to filter out these impurities and let the engine breathe clean air. According to different vehicle environments, the replacement cycle of air filter is 5000- 10000km, which can be replaced synchronously with engine oil in most areas.
It should be noted that "old drivers" are used to occasionally cleaning air filters with high-pressure air guns, which is no longer desirable. Because many air filters now contain dust oil, cleaning the filter with high-pressure air gun will blow out the dust oil, thus affecting the filtering performance of the filter.
Another maintenance related to engine intake is cleaning the throttle. This maintenance project is not necessary, and there is no certain maintenance cycle. This is only necessary after idle jitter and other faults occur.
gasoline filter
One of the "three filters of engine oil" that old drivers often say is the gasoline filter, which is used to filter impurities in gasoline and protect the oil circuit. There are two kinds of gasoline filters. One is the traditional external filter, which is generally installed at the bottom of the vehicle near the fuel tank. This kind of filter element has a short replacement cycle, generally 20,000-40,000 kilometers. The other is built-in, integrated on the casing of the gasoline pump and installed in the oil tank. The replacement period is 8-65438+ 10,000 kilometers. Because the replacement cycle is long, the built-in is not easy to be found, so it is less and less concerned, and it is easy to be ignored during maintenance.
If the gasoline filter is not replaced for a long time, it will be blocked by impurities, resulting in insufficient oil circuit pressure, engine jitter and poor acceleration. In extreme cases, because the pressure regulator of the oil circuit is generally installed at the front end of the external gasoline filter, the pressure at the front end will not drop after the filter is blocked. In extreme cases, the oil pressure may cause fuel to leak at the joint of the filter line. We all know that gasoline is a flammable and explosive dangerous chemical. Once gasoline leaks, it will cause great security risks.
Engine coolant
The main function of engine coolant is to maintain the running temperature of the engine, so that the engine can run at a constant temperature without overheating. In addition, the cooling liquid has a low freezing point and does not freeze in winter, so it is also called antifreeze. Then some people will think, in the southern region where there is no ice in winter, can water be used instead of coolant? The answer is no!
In addition to anti-freezing, cooling liquid also has the function of anti-boiling, and its boiling point is higher than that of ordinary water. In the past, the working temperature of the engine was generally around 90℃, but now the working temperature of the engine is getting higher and higher, and the working temperature of some turbocharged engines in Europe and America has reached 102℃, so it is obviously inappropriate to use ordinary water as cooling fluid.
The replacement period of coolant is 2-3 years or 40-60 thousand kilometers. If the coolant is not replaced for a long time, the freezing point and boiling point will drop, and the deterioration of coolant will cause serious waterway blockage. When replacing and adding coolant, two principles should be considered. One is whether the freezing point and boiling point parameters meet the use requirements, and the other is the color of the coolant. Different colors of coolant have different chemical compositions. In order to prevent chemical reaction, different colors should not be mixed together.
Spark plug
The fuel combustion of gasoline engine is ignited by engine oil spark plug, and the performance of spark plug will naturally affect the performance of engine. However, at present, the performance and price span of spark plugs on the market are very large, ranging from tens of yuan to hundreds of yuan, and the service life of different spark plugs is also very different, ranging from 20 thousand to 65438+ 10 thousand kilometers, and the gap between spark plugs used in automobiles is also very large. Generally, Japanese cars use high-performance spark plugs with high cost.
We recommend using high performance spark plugs. Although the unit price of high-performance spark plugs is expensive, the replacement cycle is long. Long-term use, the cost will not be much more expensive than ordinary spark plugs, the ignition performance is better, and the engine power is better played.
But the selection standard of spark plug is not only performance, but also the calorific value of spark plug. The calorific value of spark plug indicates the balance ability of heat absorption and heat dissipation, so the same calorific value as the original spark plug must be selected. If the calorific value does not match, it will cause problems such as difficult cold start or high-speed engine flameout.
lube oil
As a partner of engine, gearbox has great influence on power and economy. Transmission oil also needs to be replaced, but the replacement cycle is longer than that of oil. Like engine oil, transmission oil works at high temperature and high pressure. If it is not replaced for a long time, it will cause performance degradation and even cause problems such as gear shifting frustration. In addition, it will aggravate the wear and tear of the gearbox and even scrap it.
According to the control mode, the gearbox on the car can be simply divided into manual and automatic, and the automatic gearbox with different structures can be divided into AT, DCT, CVT and so on. However, no matter what kind of gearbox, it is necessary to change the gearbox oil regularly. Some gearboxes claim to be maintenance-free, but it is not advisable not to change the oil for a long time.
Manual transmission oil is gear oil, and the general replacement cycle is 40,000-60,000 km. Automatic transmission oil is more complicated. First of all, the oil between different types of gearboxes must not be mixed, and the oil change cycle of different gearboxes is different, generally between 40,000 and 80,000 kilometers. Secondly, even for the same type of gearbox, such as AT gearbox, different gearboxes have different requirements on all aspects of oil performance, and gearbox oil does not have the same specifications and standards as engine oil. When selecting transmission oil, be sure to choose one that meets the original factory certification standards.
Automatic transmission oil change methods are also divided into two ways: gravity oil change and circulating oil change. The circulating oil is changed more thoroughly, but it needs to consume more oil. If the transmission oil is changed regularly, gravity oil change is also acceptable. In addition, notice that there is generally an oil filter in the gearbox, which needs to be replaced regularly after 80000-65438+ 100000 km.
brake fluid
Brake fluid, also known as brake oil, is a set of hydraulic transmission mechanism. Brake fluid acts as hydraulic oil, but unlike ordinary hydraulic systems, the brake system works at a high temperature generated by the friction of the brake disc, and the high temperature will be directly transferred to the brake fluid through the brake cylinder. Once the brake fluid boils, the generated gas will disable the hydraulic system. This is what we often hear about brake thermal decay (thermal decay will also cause the friction coefficient of brake disc to decrease due to temperature increase), so brake fluid should have a relatively high boiling point.
Brake fluid has strong water absorption, which will reduce the boiling point of brake fluid after containing water, and make the thermal decay come early. If the brake fluid is not changed for a long time, it will not reduce the effect of single braking, but it is more prone to thermal attenuation or even complete braking failure.
The replacement period of brake fluid is 2-3 years or 40,000-60,000 kilometers, or during the replacement period, check the water content of brake fluid regularly. If the water content is too high, it needs to be replaced. In addition, it should be noted that brake fluids of different specifications should not be mixed, otherwise a chemical reaction will occur to block the oil circuit. Brake fluid is an easily overlooked maintenance item, but braking is directly related to safety and must not be ignored.
Steering booster oil
Power steering system can be divided into hydraulic power and electric power. The electric power steering system consists of a motor and an electronic control system, and basically needs no maintenance. Hydraulic power steering system needs hydraulic oil, that is, steering power oil, which needs to be replaced in about 2 years or 40 thousand kilometers.
Steering booster oil acts as hydraulic oil. If you don't change the oil for a long time, the deterioration of the oil will cause performance degradation, or even the gasket will block the oil path, resulting in heavier direction, damaged booster pump, abnormal sound or even complete loss of steering power.
Wheel tire
As the only part of the car that touches the ground, the acceleration, braking, handling and other aspects of the car are inseparable from the tires, and the performance of the tires will also have an impact on the silence and shock absorption of the car, so the importance of the tires cannot be ignored.
Whether tires need to be replaced depends on two dimensions, one is the degree of wear and the other is the service life.
As for the degree of wear, it is difficult to quantify it in kilometers due to different driving habits, road conditions and tire materials, but it can be directly judged by measuring the depth of tire tread. The tread groove depth of the tire should be greater than1.6 mm. For ordinary car owners without tools, it can be judged by the wear marks on the tire, and the tire will set wear marks at the bottom of the tread groove.
In terms of service life, tires are rubber products. Even if it has not been used and worn, it will deteriorate with time and lose its original performance. Therefore, even if the tire does not reach the wear limit, it should be replaced after about 5 years of use.
In addition, if the tire sidewall is scratched or punctured, it is impossible to repair the tire. If the tire sidewall is scratched but does not leak, it is also a serious safety hazard. Tires with damaged sidewalls must be replaced. When replacing tires, in order to avoid different adhesion caused by different tires on the left and right sides, tires are usually replaced on the same axle (two front wheels or two rear wheels) at the same time. Of course, if the cost is not considered, replacing four tires at the same time is the best choice.
When we change tires, we will also hear two maintenance items: "dynamic balance" and "four-wheel alignment". Dynamic balance refers to the balance when the wheel rotates. Inappropriate dynamic balance will cause the vehicle to shake when driving at high speed. When there is a high-speed jitter problem, it is necessary to adjust the dynamic balance when replacing a new tire.
For four-wheel alignment, each wheel has a certain positioning angle in three dimensions. With the use of automobile, the collision and wear of suspension components will cause the deviation of wheel positioning angle, which will affect the handling. The most intuitive feeling is the direction deviation and tire eccentric wear. When the above problems occur, four-wheel alignment is needed, and whether it is necessary to carry out four-wheel alignment after replacing new tires depends on the driving state.
Brake disc
The automobile braking system is realized by the friction between the brake disc (drum) and the brake disc, so the brake disc will inevitably need to be replaced because of wear. Because everyone's driving style and road conditions are different, the replacement cycle of moving disc (drum) and disc cannot be quantified in kilometers and years, and it can be determined by checking the remaining thickness when maintenance is needed.
Generally speaking, brake pads wear faster than brake discs, and front wheels wear faster than rear wheels. Brake discs are directly related to driving safety and cannot be ignored. It should be checked regularly by professionals and replaced as appropriate. In addition, after the vehicle is parked for a long time, the brake disc will rust, which is normal, and the rust will be removed after several brakes.
Air conditioning filter
The air-conditioning filter is installed in the air-conditioning duct, which is responsible for filtering the air blown into the car from the outside during the external circulation of the air conditioner, mainly dust, dust and other impurities. Now there are more and more so-called multi-effect filters, from PM? 2.5 N95 filtration.
If the air conditioner filter element is not replaced for a long time, impurities will block the filter element and affect the air output of the air conditioner. In addition, impurities can also lead to mold growth and odor, which directly harms the respiratory health of the occupants in the car. For health reasons, air conditioning filters should be replaced regularly. Don't wait until the air volume of the air conditioner drops and there is an odor.
The replacement cycle of air conditioning filter mainly depends on the time. It is usually replaced once every six months. Where the air quality is good, it can be extended appropriately, but the longest time is not more than one year.
Air conditioning refrigerant and refrigeration oil
Air conditioning refrigerant is the "fluorine" that old drivers often say. The current automobile refrigerant is R 134a instead of Freon, but the name of fluorine has always been retained.
When the air conditioning system lacks refrigerant, it will cause poor refrigeration effect of air conditioning, and the bigger problem is often ignored by many people, that is, the lack of refrigerant is often accompanied by the lack of refrigeration oil.
There is also oil in the air conditioning system for lubrication and other protection. Air-conditioning refrigeration oil and air-conditioning refrigerant are mixed together, and most people only replenish refrigerant without replenishing refrigeration oil. In the long run, there is less and less refrigeration oil in the air conditioning system, and key components such as compressors lack oil protection and are slowly damaged.
Therefore, don't forget to add refrigeration oil at the same time. There is no fixed maintenance cycle for this maintenance project, so it is necessary to check the air conditioning pipeline pressure regularly, depending on the situation.
Write at the end:
The above descriptions are all maintenance items that must be carried out for 6,543,800 kilometers in five years. These items directly affect the safety and service life of the car, or directly affect the health of the occupants in the car. No matter from which point of view, these maintenance items can not be ignored. Do you know about the regular maintenance of cars through this article?
This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.