Modern Taoranting has a glorious historical chapter. Around the May 4th Movement, Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, the founders and leaders of China's * * * production party, successively came to Taoranting to carry out revolutionary activities. 1920 65438+ 10 18, got together with members of the "auxiliary society" in Beijing to discuss the struggle to expel Hunan warlord Zhang, and took a group photo in front of the locust tree outside the gate of An Mountain. On August 6th, 1920, progressive groups such as Tianjin Enlightenment Society and Beijing young chinese Society discussed the direction of the revolutionary struggle after the May 4th Movement and the joint struggle of various groups in the North Hall. 192 1 In July and August, Li Dazhao rented two rooms in the south room of an in the name of Chen Yusheng, a member of young chinese Institution, and his wife Jin Qixin was buried in the tomb of Mrs. Shou beside Taoranting, where she conducted secret activities. During 1923, Deng Zhongxia, Yun and Gao often attended the meeting.
There are lush trees, lush flowers, uneven pavilions and pleasant scenery in the park. On the island in the middle of the lake, there are Jinqiudun and Yantou Mountain, which are in full swing with Taoranting. There is Qiu Jin Pavilion on the pier of Qiu Jin, which is the website of Huaxian Temple. There is a "Rose Mountain" at the southern foot of Tingnan Mountain, and its land is the site of the original incense burial, parrot burial and Saijinhua tomb. There are famous high tombs and Shi Pingmei tombs in the pine forest under the pavilion. There is a sightseeing pavilion at the top of Yantou Mountain, opposite to Qiu Jin Pavilion, and a Chengguang Pavilion is built at the foot of the southwest of the pavilion, which is the most suitable place to see the lake and the mountain. North of Tingbei Mountain is Evergreen Pavilion.
The famous China Pavilion, built in 1985, is the "garden in the garden" of Taoranting Park. By concentrating tourism resources, the famous exhibition halls in China are carefully selected and imitated. There are more than ten pavilions, including Zuiweng Pavilion, Lanting, Echi Monument Pavilion, Shaoling Caotang Monument Pavilion, Canglang Pavilion, Duxing Pavilion, Er Quan Pavilion, Chuitai Pavilion, Shenyue Pavilion and Baipo Pavilion. These famous pavilions are all imitated according to the ratio of 1: 1, and pavilions and landscapes are combined to complement each other. Walking in the garden is like crossing mountains and rivers or visiting the splendid hometown of wuyue, which has a deeper historical and cultural connotation. Pavilion is an architectural style with national characteristics in China. There are many famous pavilions in Beijing, such as Zhichun Pavilion in the Summer Palace, Wulong Pavilion in Beihai Park, Wanchun Pavilion in Jingshan Park and Langfeng Pavilion in Xiangshan Park, which are well known. However, there are not many parks named after pavilions, and the most famous is Taoranting Park in the south of the city.
In fact, the earliest Taoran Pavilion had no pavilions, but three open halls for temporary rest, which were built by Langzhong Jiang Zao of the Ministry of Industry in the west of the ancient temple Bates Temple in the thirty-fourth year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1695). Because Bai Juyi's poem means "when the chrysanthemum is ripe, get drunk with you", it is named "Taoranting". It is customary to call it Jiangting according to the surname of the pavilion builder. The "pavilion" here uses the original meaning of "roads build houses, so pedestrians stop". "Pavilion", like "stop", is a house for pedestrians to rest, not a "pavilion" for landscape. So there is a saying that there is no pavilion in the river.
Jiangting is located in the outer suburb outside the Forbidden City. It is low-lying, full of lakes, lush reeds, lush vegetation, empty and quiet, full of rural flavor and wild interest in mountain villages. Literati in Qing Dynasty wrote poems and poems, and wandered around the mountains and rivers. In modern history, there are many people with lofty ideals, such as Lin Zexu, Gong Zizhen, Qiu Jin, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and Tan Sitong. , have visited this place, or worried about the country and the people, generously lamented, or secretly gathered to seek political reform. Before and after the May 4th Movement, revolutionary pioneers such as Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Deng Zhongxia once engaged in anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary activities here. The graves of Gao and his girlfriend and writer Shi Pingmei are still among the pines and cypresses on the island in the middle of the lake. Their gravestones, like two swords, point to the sky. In the early years, not far from it, there was a cemetery of Sai Jinhua, a famous prostitute in the late Qing Dynasty, and a tomb of drunken Guo. Guo Mingrui, who was drunk, was dissatisfied with the darkness and corruption of the Qing Dynasty and Beiyang warlords, pretended to be crazy, abused the authorities, and cried all over the city, which had a certain influence in Beijing. In addition, there are parrot burial and incense cremation ... 1924, the writer Yu Pingbo wrote the article "Snow in Taoranting", which recalled in detail what he saw, heard and felt when he visited Taoranting with his friends on a snowy day. They looked around in the fields covered with white hemp fiber, but they didn't see any pavilions. Seeing several dull old houses made them feel pale. It can be seen that the Taoranting at that time was already broken.
The situation after the founding of New China
After the founding of New China, it was in ruins. While rectifying social order and restoring economic development, the people's government has not forgotten to improve the living environment and people's living standards. 1952 will turn Taoran Pavilion into a park, remove silt and graves, plant flowers and trees on a large scale, and build pavilions and pavilions, so as to make the original dilapidated appearance look brand-new and provide a place for leisure and entertainment for nearby residents. 1954, Premier Zhou Enlai and Mr. Liang Sicheng visited the site and moved Yunhui Building and Yin Qing Pavilion, the former palace buildings of Qianlong Dynasty in Zhongnanhai, to live next to Taoran Pavilion in Bates buddhist nun, facing each other across the water, which became a beautiful scenery.
In 1950s, Beijing Opera School, Beijing Dance School and Chinese Opera School were successively established near Taoranting Park. Boys and girls in these art schools are as beautiful as dragons and tigers and flowers and jade. They often practice in the park, and beautiful melodies and dances reverberate among lakes, mountains and mountains, adding a lot of vitality to the quiet garden. , Chen,,,,, ... The first generation of artists trained in New China will probably never forget the flower season that Tao Ranting walked through. In the sixties and seventies, there was an open-air cinema on the slope near the West Lake. Summer night, bathed in cool breeze, spend a few cents, you can see your favorite movies. Heroic children, young Lu Ban, icing on the cake, Wu Jia storm, early spring and February ... Movies with different themes and styles are so wonderful that people are reluctant to leave this empty place for a long time. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Hu Xin Pavilion held water concerts from time to time, and some famous singers and orchestras took turns to perform here. Today, the above-mentioned art schools have already been upgraded to colleges, and the state has also invested in new sites and built beautiful new school buildings. A spectacular cinema has also been built in the place where the open-air movies were originally placed. Because of the sparse audience, it has been changed into an entertainment city. The water concert, like the yellow crane, is gone forever. In recent years, with the increase of the elderly population, Taoranting Park has experienced a wave of silver hair. A large number of retired people wander around here, having fun and looking for their own places. You see, chess fans are around the stone table, and the Chu and Han dynasties are fighting fiercely. Opera fans gathered under Liu Yin, gongs and drums sonorous, silk and bamboo melodious, Peking Opera, Pingxi, singing happily; On the island in the middle of the lake, grandparents learned to dance with their young partners, as if they had lost them for decades; By the rose garden, groups of singers sang loudly and relived their lost youth with the melody of "Aobao Meeting" and "Red Berry Blooming"; In the quiet fishing area, fishermen are calm and comfortable, waiting for the fish to take the bait; Young people who love martial arts show their vigorous skills in the square ... Now this city garden has really become a pleasant leisure place for all ages and a happy ocean for ordinary people. Since the 1960s, I have worked and lived beside Taoranting for decades, and I have formed an indissoluble bond with it. After retirement, together with my wife, I will come here for a walk every day to strengthen my body and let go of my mood. I am full of nostalgia and gratitude for this place. I collect historical memories about it and enjoy the happy time it brought me. I am gratified by its development and change, and I deeply wish it a better tomorrow. (Chen Peizhong)