First, we can make clear the historical background of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Combined with wall charts (or projections, computer courseware, etc. ) Qi Jiajun's anti-Japanese war can first define the concept of "enemy", and then let students find out the reasons why the enemy was serious in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, and guide them to watch the pictures of Qi Jiajun's anti-Japanese war, and have a vivid understanding of the scope and harm of the enemy. Teachers can also produce relevant materials to inspire students to think: What serious consequences did the Japanese pirates cause to the southeast coast of China? A clear understanding of these problems will pave the way for a correct understanding of Qi Jiguang's anti-Japanese struggle and a better evaluation of its nature.
Qi Jiguang's Anti-Japanese War: First, guide students to watch the image of Qi Jiguang, then let them read Qi Jiguang's life story, and then combine the topic of "using your head" to talk about what excellent qualities you can learn from Qi Jiguang. As for the compilation and training of Qi Jiajun, teachers can add a short story about Qi Jiguang's strict management of the army. If conditions permit, you can try to rehearse "Yuanyang Array" after class, and then perform it in class, so that students can experience Qi Jiguang's excellent military command ability and the spirit of soldiers' unity and cooperation, because these are important factors for the "Qi Jiajun" to defeat the enemy. Using the map of Qi Jiajun's anti-Japanese situation, this paper briefly introduces the decisive battle-"Taizhou Nine Streets". After basically destroying the Japanese invaders who invaded Zhejiang, the "Qijiajun" went to Fujian and Guangdong to destroy the Japanese pirates there with the local Ming army.
Evaluation of Qi Jiguang's Anti-Japanese War: The teacher asked the students to analyze the reasons for Qi Jiguang's victory in the Anti-Japanese War (which can be answered after discussion in groups), which can be basically summarized as four points: First, this is a just war against aggression, which is in line with the interests of the people, and this is what we often call "the will of the people"; Second, Qi Jiajun is disciplined and brave; Third, Qi Jiajun cooperated with other patriotic soldiers and civilians to fight, which reflected a national centripetal force of sharing common enemy; And Qi Jiguang's excellent military strategy and command ability is undoubtedly another reason. Teachers can guide students to recall: Which army in China's ancient history was famous for its strict discipline? What is the difference between "Yue Jiajun" and "Qi Jiajun" in the object of resistance? This leads to a correct evaluation of Qi Jiguang and Qi Jiguang's anti-Japanese struggle. What needs to be made clear is that the anti-Japanese struggle was the first time in Chinese history to resist foreign national aggression and win, and Qi Jiguang was an outstanding national hero in Chinese history.
At this time, teachers can add some folk nursery rhymes, folk stories and legends to commemorate Qi Jiguang, so as to enrich the image of Qi Jiguang, and then reflect the greatness of Qi Jiguang's personality, so that students can further understand some principles of being a man.
After Qi Jiguang inherited his father's business, he wrote such a poem: "I don't want to be a marquis, I hope the world will be peaceful." What noble qualities do you think he has to learn from his poems in the text?
"I know from a distance that a knife is floating in the sky, and I dare not forget those dangerous years." It expresses Qi Jiguang's determination to combine his life with the anti-Japanese cause, keep himself at the center of the torrent of the times and make contributions to the nation-state. Qi Jiguang's noble quality of being able to set lofty aspirations in times of national crisis is worth learning. In addition, "I don't want to be a marquis, I just want peace" clearly shows that Qi Jiguang is pursuing the lofty quality of personal fame, rather than expelling the Japanese invaders, defending coastal defense and saving people from fire and water.
Japanese aggression in Yuan and Ming Dynasties
The relationship between China and Japan has always been very friendly. In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, Korean Zhao Yi advised Mongolian nobles that Japan could reach them. Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan was determined to surrender to the Japanese. He sent people to Japan several times to ask Japan to submit to the Yuan Dynasty, but he didn't get an answer. He sent troops to Japan twice in the 11th year of Zhiyuan (1274) and 18th year (128 1), but both failed due to storms. At that time, shortly after the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate in Japan, the separatist regime of the samurai class (small and medium feudal lords) was still very serious. They used the contradiction between the Kamakura shogunate and the emperor and his opponents to expand their power. In order to plunder wealth, they began to communicate with the Southern Song Dynasty through merchants in the form of trade. After the Yuan Army failed to invade Japan, some warriors and businessmen went to the coastal areas of North Korea and China with weapons under the banner of trade. This forced the Yuan government to take strict precautions and ordered many times to "strictly order business" and cancel the market shipping agency in charge of foreign trade. The Japanese government is also afraid that Yuan Jun will come again. Apart from strict precautions, the Yuan Dynasty would not communicate with the Yuan Dynasty. Due to the hostile state of Yuan and Japan, it was impossible to conduct formal trade activities. With the support of feudal lords in various places, Japanese businessmen continued to carry out piracy and smuggling activities in a violent way along the coast of China. At the same time, with the intensification of Japan's feudal annexation war, the number of samurai who lost their military posts and went bankrupt increased day by day, becoming ronins, and they also joined the ranks of pirates in large numbers. So by the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the harassment of the enemy became more and more serious.
The Japanese pirates in Ming Dynasty are the continuation and development of the Japanese pirates in Yuan Dynasty. When the Ming Dynasty was founded, Japan was in the period of opposition between the Northern and Southern Dynasties (1336— 1392), and the Japanese "took China undetermined" and "plundered the coast with zero service" (Jin Anqing's Textual Research on East Japan). In order to stop the Japanese invasion, Ming Taizu sent envoys to Japan for negotiations many times, but all without results. So he ordered the implementation of the maritime ban, stopped contacts with Japan, and "exclusively defended coastal defense" (the biography of Japan in the Ming Dynasty), and vigorously strengthened coastal defense. During Yongle period, Ming Chengzu allowed Japanese government and businessmen to trade in China, while continuing to strengthen coastal defense. In the seventeenth year of Yongle (14 19), an invading enemy was annihilated in Wanghai country in the northwest of Jinxian Island in Liaodong, which made the enemy dare not harass the coast of China on a large scale.
During the Jiajing period, the Japanese invasion was rampant again. The war between the Northern and Southern Dynasties in Japan ended with the victory of the Northern Dynasty at the end of 14, but entered the Warring States Period in the middle of 15. In order to satisfy their extravagant desires and make up for the shortage of war funds, feudal princes actively supported warriors, businessmen and ronin to plunder the coastal areas of China. Some profiteers in China also colluded with the enemy to smuggle and rob. There are also some bankrupt coastal poor, who are hungry and cold, and also play the role of threatening the enemy. At that time, the Ming Dynasty ruled corruptly, and the coastal defense was slack. The coastal defense stations in Zhejiang and Fujian were guarded by "ten warships and one whistle ship", and only 4/ 10 was left. "The Japanese pirates plundered without fear, and people came and went" (Biography of Zhu Wan in Ming Dynasty), and the Japanese invasion reached a rampant level.
The profiteers along the southeast coast lured Japanese pirates ashore to rob and divide the spoils.
In the thirty-second year of Jiajing (1553), the enemy, lured by big landlords and businessmen such as Wang Zhi, Xu Hai, Chen Dong, Xiao Xian and Ma Ye, "united hundreds of ships to cover the sea. East and west Zhejiang, north and south Yangtze River, thousands of miles along the coast, and alarm at the same time (Biography of Tomorrow). In the second year, there were more and more Japanese pirates, "every time they set fire to the ship, they went ashore to plunder" (ibid.). They moved their base areas from the island to the land, divided them into small groups of dozens to hundreds of thousands of people, and went out to plunder. Due to official corruption, the Japanese pirates have been fleeing to Huizhou, Wuhu, Nanjing, Huai 'an, Xuzhou, Pixian and other places. They kill, rob, blackmail or sell everywhere. For example, the enemy harassed Kunshan County, Jiangsu Province. "Gu city was besieged for 45 days, and there were more than 30 wars. Six doors were attacked. More than 500 men and women were killed, more than 20,000 houses were burned, and coffins were distributed in more than 40 counties. The village is 350 miles, with 10 to 89 houses, 10 to 56 men and women, and 3 to 4 coffins, which are well known "(Gui Youguang's" The Story of the Enemy in Kunshan County "). The enemy attacked Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, "wantonly destroying and plundering, starting from Jiangkou to Xixingba in the east and going downstairs to Beixingguan in the west, looking around (empty), killing people is nothing." There were dozens of miles of bloodshed at the edge of the city, and thousands of ships were accumulated in Hanoi (the property robbed by the Japanese pirates) (Cai Jiude's "A Brief Account of the Japanese Change"). The brutal harassment of the enemy has seriously damaged social production and people's lives.
Jiguang Qi
Qi Jiguang (1528— 1588) was an outstanding strategist and national hero in the Ming Dynasty. The word Jing,No. Nantang,No. Night. Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong) is a native. He was born in Jiangmen. When he was 17 years old, he took over from his father as the director of Deng Zhouwei and took on the task of defending the enemy. The constant intrusion of the enemy aroused his enthusiasm for defending the country, and he once wrote a poem "I don't want to seal the Hou, I hope it will be peaceful" ("It is deeper than the sky" in the collection of horizontal manuscripts in the hall). In the thirty-fourth year of Jiajing (1555), he was transferred to Zhejiang as an anti-Japanese general. Seeing that the loyalists were corrupt, they went to Yiwu to recruit farmers and miners, and trained the "Qijiajun" to become the main anti-Japanese force. In the 40th year of Jiajing (156 1 year), he defeated the Japanese army in Taizhou. The following year, he rushed to Fujian and destroyed the base camp of Japanese pirates in Liheng (the sea off Ningde). In the forty-second year of Jiajing (1563), he assisted Fujian again and was promoted to general officer. Two years later, he and Yu suppressed the enemy in Guangdong and wiped out the enemy in the southeast coast. In the first year of Qin Long (1567), he was transferred to the north to guard Jizhou (now Jixian, Tianjin). He was ostracized in his later years and died at home. The new books "Discipline and Efficiency" and "Practical Discipline of Training" are highly valued by military strategists. Other works include "Stop the Hall Collection".
Qi Jiguang once wrote a poem: "From a distance, the island is floating in the sky ..."
Chronicle of Qi Shaobao (volume 1): "In the thirty-three years of Jiajing, I visited various camps at sea ... and I have turned to Wendeng camp to write a poem saying,' Ran Ran has been a long time, and the smoke is low to protect the wild people. Only very Thai will make the spring scenery fade. There were stones in the Qin dynasty when the water fell, but when the tide came, the Han dynasty could not be seen. In the distance, I know that the island is floating in the sky, but I dare not forget that dangerous time. "Look up the last two sentences of" Guo Wen "in" Tang Ji Heng Draft "is" I know a hundred countries far away, but I dare not forget the danger. "
Taizhoujiu steet
In the thirty-ninth year of Jiajing (1560) in March, Qi Jiguang was transferred from Zhejiang General to the local generals of Fenshoutai (Zhou), Jinhua (Hua) and Yan (Zhou) in Duzhen. According to the fact that the area is surrounded by mountains on three sides and faces the sea on one side, he made a decision to use land warfare as the main method and water (sea) warfare, stationed troops in Songmen and Haimen, and built warships to strengthen maritime defense. In the 40th year of Jiajing (156 1), on April, 16, the ship landed from Xiangshan in Fenghua to Xifeng Mountain, disrupting the front line of Ninghai Group. Qi Jiguang judged that the enemy's move was aimed at luring the Qi army from Songmen and Haimen, and then taking advantage of the weakness to directly attack Taizhou (now Linhai, Zhejiang). In Taizhou and Haimen, he was equipped with the necessary troops, and another navy division was sent to Ninghai to ambush the ocean, and personally led the main force to Ninghai, inviting Ninghai defenders to go hand in hand. Sure enough, the enemy was divided into three roads, marching eastward to Tao Zhu, Xinhe and Jiantiao respectively. Qi Jiguang ordered Tang Lingbing, assistant military affairs minister, to guard Haimen and Taizhou to rescue Xinhe, and led the main force to suppress the enemy in Ninghai. Tang defeated the enemy in Xinhe, and the enemy who harassed Ninghai also fled, but the current enemy continued to attack Taizhou. Qi Jiguang immediately went south and arrived outside Taizhou at noon on the 27th for Huajie. "Five wars and five wins, two roads were chopped by * * * 308, but the giant Monsieur beaucaire was captured, and his drowning was not counted" (Chronicle of Qi Shaobao, Volume II). On the first day of May, 2000 Japanese pirates fled to Datian in the northeast of Taizhou Fucheng. Qi Jiguang led around 1500 Qin Bing to fight in Daejeon. Because of the heavy rain, they didn't meet for three days. The enemy fled in the rain to attack Chuzhou (now Lishui, Zhejiang) through Xianju. Qi Jiguang led his troops to the summit and ambushed and intercepted them. "Three wins in three wars, three hundred and forty-four beheadings, and five chiefs captured alive" (ibid.). Soon, Qi Jiajun won a great victory in Changsha (southeast of Wenling City, Zhejiang Province). After a month's fighting, the Qijiajun won nine battles and completely wiped out the Japanese invaders who invaded Taizhou. At the same time, the company commanders Lu Tang and General Niu Tianxi also defeated the enemy in Ningbo and Wenzhou, and the enemy in Zhejiang basically subsided.
Qi Jiguang's achievements in resisting Japan will always be remembered by the people.
For hundreds of years, in the places where Qi Jiguang once worked and lived, people have commemorated him in various forms, and the number, scope and far-reaching influence of commemorative forms are beyond the reach of many historical figures. Along the Great Wall in northern Beijing and in the coastal areas of Zhejiang and Fujian, many memorial buildings have been built, such as Qi Jiguang Temple, statues, inscriptions, memorial halls or pavilions. In his hometown Penglai, Shandong Province, there are not only Qi Jiguang Memorial Hall and statues, but also a "water city". Commemorative naming is also one of the main forms of folk commemoration of Qi Jiguang. A considerable number of mountains, waters, rocks, trees, villages, roads, bridges, wells and pavilions in the above areas are named after Qi Jiguang, such as Qijia Village in Yuyao, Zhejiang, and Ji You Light Road in Wenling. Commemorating Qi Jiguang in the form of folk customs is mainly concentrated in the southeast coastal areas, such as celebrating the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 16th and eating "light cakes". There are more than ten kinds of stories about Qi Jiguang's folk literature, such as resisting Japan, running the army and loving the people. In addition, a considerable number of ancient ballads and children's songs are circulating among the people. Literary works reflecting Qi Jiguang's deeds include Fujian drama Qi Jiguang's beheading, drama Qi Jiguang's recumbent, etc. The folk dances Teng Pai Dance and Light Cake Dance are based on the scenes of Qi Jiguang's war and the movements in the process of making light cakes respectively. In terms of physical fitness, people have also excavated and sorted out Ji Guang Boxing, a folk martial art.. In short, these commemorative forms cover all aspects of people's lives. Although it has gone through hundreds of years of human changes, it still spreads to this day, which can fully reflect Qi Jiguang's far-reaching influence among the people.
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August 16 is the Mid-Autumn Festival: People in counties (cities) such as Jiaojiang, Linhai and Huangyan, which belong to Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, set it as August 16. According to legend, when the situation against Japan was tight, Qi Jiguang led an army to sweep the enemy in the Mid-Autumn Festival and won. The next day and night, the military and civilians celebrated the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and made up for the Mid-Autumn Festival. Later, in order to commemorate this event, people always put off the Mid-Autumn Festival by one day, which became a custom.
Guangbing (food custom): Also known as Jiguang cake and navel cake, it is a common pasta in counties (cities) under the jurisdiction of Taizhou City and Wenzhou City in Zhejiang Province and coastal counties (cities) under the jurisdiction of Putian City and Ningde City in Fujian Province. It is made by baking wheat with water. It is oblate in shape and has a small hole on it for threading rope. It is said that during Qi Jiguang's anti-Japanese war along the coast of Zhejiang and Fujian, the "Qi Jiajun" tied a rope around his waist with bare cakes to hold wartime dry food. According to legend, this kind of cake was first created by Qi Jiguang, so it is called "Jiguang cake" or "Guangbing".
The origin of password (folk story):
When Qi Jiguang fought against Japan, it sent soldiers to guard the coast at night. In order to avoid being difficult to tell the enemy from the enemy at night, Qi Jiguang asked the vigilant soldiers to carry bamboo whistle. If they find someone, they shout, "Blow the whistle!" " If the other person is one of our own, immediately shout "attention" and stand up straight. While practicing in the army, Qi Jiguang kept the soldiers practicing these two movements. After several evolutions, "whistle" and "stand at attention" have become the regular passwords for military queue practice.
Children's Song: Huangdi, Huangdi, don't surprise my little boy. Don't panic when the Japanese come. I have a relative who will resist.