Joint dislocation is a common emergency in sports injuries. The joints of human body are divided into fixed joints, partial movable joints and movable joints. Dislocation refers to the phenomenon that bones come out of joints and shift. It often occurs on shoulders, elbows, hips, chin, fingers, wrists and other parts, especially during strenuous exercise.

Dislocation usually causes ligament pulling or tearing, and in severe cases it will be accompanied by fracture. Clinical manifestations include: joint protrusion and functional loss, joint deformation and pain, moderate to severe swelling. If the dislocated bone compresses the nerve, it will cause numbness of the limbs below the dislocated joint; If the blood vessels are compressed, the joints and limbs below the dislocation will not feel the pulse and turn purple.

For any patient with fracture and dislocation, it is necessary to measure the pulse intensity and check the sensory function. If you can't feel the pulse, it means that the blood supply to your limbs is insufficient and you must go to the doctor immediately. At the same time, in the process of first aid, pulse and motor sensory function should be measured before and after fixation.

The measurement method is as follows:

First, check the pulse: feel the pulse at a certain distance from the injured side to the heart, such as the radial artery when the elbow joint is dislocated, the brachial artery when the shoulder joint is dislocated, and the dorsal artery of the foot when the ankle joint is dislocated. After pressing, the nails of the injured limbs were relaxed and the time for them to return to normal color was measured. Normal value should be less than two seconds. If you can't feel the pulse or the nail color recovers slowly, it means that you are seriously injured or the bandage is too tight, so you must relax.

Second, check the distal motor and sensory function: ask the patient to swing the upper and lower limbs and touch the patient's fingers or toes to see if it can be clearly identified. If the patient is unconscious, gently pinch the patient and observe his pain response.

The shoulder joint is as unstable as a ball in a glove. If you get hit, fall, cramp, throw the ball hard, etc. It is very likely that the shoulder is dislocated. 96% patients will have humeral head moving forward, shoulder dislocation, upper limb fracture, ligament tear or vascular nerve injury. In addition to being unable to move, patients sometimes faint due to severe pain. If there is only shoulder pain without any trauma, the etiology of the patient should be evaluated first, such as position, feeling, comparison of motor function between the affected side and the healthy side, weakness and so on.

We can adopt the following first aid methods:

First of all, in order to prevent the patient from falling and being injured again, help him sit down or lie down, check whether there are other injuries, and check the distal pulse to keep the patient quiet, warm and prevent shock. Usually, sitting posture is the most comfortable.

Fixing the dislocated part is the best way to relieve the pain. The method of self-help can be to hold the elbow with magazines, thick newspapers or cardboard, and fix the elbow on the chest with a triangular towel, so as to avoid the movement of the shoulder joint and reduce the pain. Don't eat, because you may need treatment for total paralysis. You can distract the patient by chatting to relieve his pain, and use ice to relieve the patient's pain and swelling. If you want to move the patient, try to make her move. If she can't move automatically, help her by holding her elbow and wrist. At the same time, a small pillow or cushion can be placed between the injured upper limb and the chest.

It is very good to give a reduction immediately when the patient can bear the pain. As far as dislocation of shoulder joint is concerned, it can be considered to hold the elbow of the affected limb with both hands at a 90-degree angle, and the other foot of the rescuer steps on the armpit of the affected part, pushing forward and pulling down, which can sometimes restore it to its original state.

In order to avoid joint dislocation as much as possible, students must do some warm-up activities seriously before strenuous activities, such as doing some encircling and stretching exercises, so that all joint parts can get full activities. We should pay attention to the discretion when playing games, don't make dangerous moves, and try to avoid joints being hit and hit in dangerous places.