What is a ghost? Legend has it that ghosts even have souls. In ancient times, people believed that there was an independent soul besides the human body according to dreams, hallucinations and other phenomena. The ancients believed that after death, the soul still existed independently and became a ghost. Ghosts are invisible and intangible things attached to the body. When people are alive, out-of-body experience is very dangerous. In order to save the soul from out-of-body experience, many methods of evoking and evoking souls have been produced.
After death, ghosts have two destinations, one is still inhabiting this world, only on another object, and the other is in another world, the underworld. Of course, there are also many ghosts who have become wandering souls and can never be super-living.
After death, the soul is reborn as another person or animal, which is called reincarnation. People go to another world after death, and there are various worlds to go to, but in people's minds, life in the underworld is the same as reality. Good heroes can ascend to heaven to enjoy sacrifices, while people who suddenly die, such as foodies and drowning ghosts, are hard to be born in pairs.
When evil spirits return to worship on earth, they need people with special skills to drive them away. Or pray with a cane, or remove it with a cane. For example, in China, using Fu Tao firecrackers is also a way to exorcise ghosts.
Shanxi folk, farmers believe that the cause of the disease is ghosts, or stepping on ghosts, drugs alone can not be cured. Only by hiring special people and using some special methods can people's lives be saved.
For example, "If Fuyi is sick, it depends on ghosts. Only recently did he know that he was delayed in seeking medical treatment." As for the secluded places in the countryside, medicine is difficult to treat, and when there is a disease, wizards will be confused; There are even good women who fast, burn incense and recite Buddha to save lives and treat diseases. The female family is puzzling and unbreakable. "In addition," people's grievances are few, and it is necessary to swear by the book, and the gods are clear. If you are ill, Meng Miao will burn incense and paper, and pray for blessings. If you are a fox, you are even more a wizard, and it is called' asking for heaven'. "
In northern Shanxi, there is a popular way to watch intruders exorcise ghosts. As long as men, women and children are sick, people who believe in this set will go to the paper shop to "see the intruders." The so-called intruder is a ghost. And "watching intruders" is actually seeking ways to exorcise ghosts. In the old society, paper shops in towns and counties operated a special kind of superstitious paper, such as "money stack" and "empty space", and related books. People who are good at this can use these things to find out the methods and instruments used to quit ghosts as long as they ask about the date of illness. For example, which direction to go, how many steps to go out, how many colored banknotes, how much money to fold, and so on. When sending ghosts, there is a way to light the two ends of the incense with a bowl of sauerkraut field water and turn it around the patient's head three times. There are two words you can hear clearly: "Keep your head up, your feet go in" and "Where are you from, where are you going", and then observe the sauerkraut soup. It is said that you can see the hiding place of ghosts and the direction of sending them, and then send all kinds of magic papers to the gate for incineration. In this way, the haunted ghost can be sent away and a life can be saved.
This custom almost disappeared after liberation, but it only became popular again after the 1980s. However, this custom has changed a little. Family members of patients usually go to paper shops to buy paper, print ghost paper by themselves, and then find a Yin and Yang teacher or witch to preside over the ghost sending ceremony.
Shanxi folk popular witchcraft, exorcism. Witchcraft is called the witch god Han.
In the folk, the witch God Han is a "professional" figure who prayed for people to exorcise ghosts through the possession of gods. Most of them are old people and old ladies. They generally use yellow paper as a magic symbol, incense ashes as a panacea, and clear water as a magic dew, pretending to be a ghost, dancing and dancing, and the gods who come down are either foxes here or monsters there, and they are arrogant. In fact, ghosts and gods manipulate people's lives and defraud money.
However, ignorant farmers are convinced and obedient. There are also witches who use "quietness" to exorcise ghosts. At the invitation of patients' families, they often lie still in a room, not drinking or eating to show their out-of-body experience. They went to the place where the souls of the patients in the underworld were, looking for ways to save them. After half a day or a day, the lying wizard woke up and reported to the patient that it would be difficult to recover if the patient's soul was not sent to a certain place, because they were not full of suffering in the underworld. After that, he used ghost letters and spells of paper and pen to evoke spirits.
In Linxian area, doctors must first buy incense, watches, paper and a piece of red cloth one foot, five inches or three feet, explain the time and symptoms of illness to the witch, and explain their sincerity in asking God to send ghosts.
When the witch invited God, she was holding the "drum of God" in her hand, singing and shaking, and the lyrics she sang were incomprehensible. A few minutes later, God was invited to stay on the witch. After being possessed by God, witches began to sing wildly in a more intense way, spreading the cause of patients in the name of God. Basically, the causes are all from the underworld, linking the patient's illness with the dead old people, relatives and friends, and attributing the causes to ghosts and evil spirits. Then let the patient eat some paper dust, magic dew and say spells. This kind of activity of witches happens every once in a while. If the patient is seriously ill, please ask several wizards to heal with God. It is said that witches sing, dance and twist their waists in order to make God happy, distract themselves and pour out God's pain and troubles, so as to exorcise ghosts and cure people's diseases. Witches make money by treating diseases. The charge was relatively low more than ten years ago, but now the price has risen sharply.
In Yanggao area, the witch God Han used an ordinary hip flask to test the patient's ghost. The method is to put the hip flask mouth down in the water bowl, put a piece of ghost paper money at the bottom of the kettle, and observe which direction bubbles in the water bowl after the four corners are lit. The direction of bubbles is the direction where the ghost is. That night, I burned paper money in that direction to send ghosts to cure diseases.
In the custom of exorcising ghosts, using yellow sand and black sand to treat diseases is also quite popular in Lvliang. The so-called Huangsa and Heisa are people with special functions. There is little difference between the two, but the ability of the former is smaller than the latter. According to the villagers, such people can see things that others can't see, see what kind of monsters, and know a lot about the underworld and heaven from an early age.
There are several ways for Huang Sa and Heisa to treat diseases. One is that in the dead of night, Huang Sa and Heisa hold incense and watch outside the patient's door, saying something about their illness and praying; Another way is to sleep. First, Huang Sa went to the underworld to fight with ghosts in his sleep. If the opponent is weak and defeated, the disease can be cured. If the opponent is very strong, you need to invite Hessa to play. The other is in the middle of the night, when ghosts wander, Huang Sa and Heisa light incense, hold watches, symbols and kitchen knives, recite spells at the crossroads, and dance with kitchen knives, which means fighting against ghosts and gods. These almost absurd practices are ridiculous to scientists, but they are very popular among the people. In recent years, some foreign swindlers have also acted as such people, and their behavior is even more bizarre. Because "foreign monks can recite scriptures", there are many believers and they have been cheated of a lot of money.
Witches like Shen Han, Heisa and Huangsa exorcise ghosts and cure diseases through some kind of witchcraft in contact with ghosts and gods. This kind of behavior is actually a kind of "channeling", which is one of the more common religious superstitious activities and is very popular all over the world. Psychics, the so-called witch gods who can save patients from fire and water, are considered to have a supernatural power, which comes from his communication with ghosts and gods. He can cajole or force ghosts and gods to cooperate with people. Objectively speaking, if the treatment of witch gods has any effect, it can be said that it is similar to today's psychotherapy, so some diseases caused by psychological reasons such as stress, depression and fear are only alleviated and disappeared by the "treatment" of witch gods. Therefore, the popularity of witch gods is due to some individual examples of "healing". Of course, more importantly, farmers' superstition and ignorance have created fertile soil for the existence of witch gods.
The above witch-god-man trick belongs to witchcraft, which is a kind of magic that uses fictional supernatural power to realize a certain wish. For example, people in Shanxi take grain flour as a lamp shape, making twelve lamps in December and thirteen lamps in leap months. They were put in cages in turn. When steaming, see if there is water in the first lamp, which is the first day of rain. If there is no water, it is mainly drought, and if there is more water, it is mainly waterlogging. Witchcraft has rituals, spells, symbols, spells and other elements. Often use some substitutes, such as evil spirits, aversion to victory, peace of mind, etc. Magic drums, magic knives, magic arrows and other magic appliances.
Wizards often use exorcism. As mentioned above, the method of exorcising ghosts by witch gods belongs to this category. A spell is what a wizard says when he casts a spell and prays for exorcism. The spell in witchcraft is quite mysterious, and people believe that it has mysterious ability, which can produce some magical effect and achieve the expected purpose.
For example, when a folk in Jinnan, Shanxi Province evokes a child's soul, the evocator often says, "XX, XX, don't go, you live a long life on earth." "XX, XX, don't run, your age is not up yet." When witches or old women exorcise their children and grandchildren, they often say a spell: "Don't blame God XX (ancestors), stop speculating on fools' heads, give you gold and silver, and raise your hand to your position as soon as possible." "
Curiosity, which is human nature, is people's hope to get rid of mystery and understand the future. Under the control of the concept of soul, people are often afraid and surprised by some incredible phenomena. Under fallacious reasoning, the belief form of omen is formed. In order to reveal the mystery of the future, some divination methods are used to observe and explain known omens.
In Shanxi folk, there are all kinds of omens, and many things that are slightly curious can be expressed as some kind of omen.
For example, it is a physiological phenomenon that people grind their teeth in their dreams, but it is often considered as a sign that men grind their teeth because of lack of money, and women hate their parents because their parents are not dead. When drinking tea, if the tea root stands upright in the cup, it means that a guest has come. When parents are alive, if children dream of their death, it is a sign of parents' longevity. When a child stands, his head leans down between his legs and looks back, which is a sign that he will have brothers and sisters; If the chef hurts his hand with a kitchen knife for no reason, it is a sign of bad luck.
In addition, as the well-known magpies call, they see rabbits and foxes running, lotus flowers rising and falling, pigs and meat dreaming, pomegranate fruit dreaming without flowers and so on. It's all good omen, good omen, or getting rich or having children. On the contrary, cooking bowls, falling out, losing a horse's front hoof, dogs barking at night, fruit trees blooming twice, crowing in the face and so on. It's unlucky, or broke the money, or caused trouble.
In short, in rural areas, some sudden or extraordinary events, no matter how big or small, seem to be endowed with omen significance. Those strange sounds, sounds made by inanimate objects such as furniture and coffins, abnormal things, if plants don't bloom on time, some things encountered the day before the festival, getting married or going out, personal physical reactions, strange phenomena in the sky, etc. There are some signs.
Terrible witchcraft.-magic.
In ancient times, it was said that it was a poisonous insect cultivated artificially. Demonization is a mysterious witchcraft passed down from ancient China. Once upon a time, in the southern countryside of China, there was a terrible scene that no one dared to think was false. According to legend, a scholar with a bachelor's degree and a pen holder of Han nationality also seem to think it is very important; Some doctors also believe this, so they have come up with many ways to cure it.
There are eleven methods.
Snake method, gold silkworm method, sneering at tablets method, stoning method, loach method, medium-harmful spirit method, malnutrition method, toxic swelling method, epilepsy method, yin snake method and raw snake method.
Someone used to kill people with tricks for money. Pharmaceutical method: it is usually made at noon, using its high yang to make medicine, so that people get sick and die. It is also made of snakes, snakes and centipedes, and it will die at the touch. The rest are special, as follows:
Epilepsy: Legend has it that most people are Zhuang people, who bury snakes in the soil and carry bacteria to harm people.
Malnutrition: Also called "release malnutrition" and "release bees". It is said that Cantonese in Guangdong are good at this. The method is: take centipede, snake, ant, cicada, earthworm, cockroach and hair at noon. And ground into powder, put it in front of a statue carved in a room or box, and sacrifice it for a long time, it will become poison.
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus: Soak bamboo leaves and herbs in water, and it becomes poisonous loach.
Stone magic: It consists of random stones and potions.
Disdain slice method: it is made by applying the method of medicine to bamboo slices.
Gold silkworm method: It is said that this method is not afraid of muskets and is the most difficult to eliminate; Moreover, gold silkworm law can also use gold and silver to marry others.
The Lingnan Hygiene Prescription says: The way to do magic is to seal up a hundred bugs and let them eat by themselves. Over the years, if they are kept alone, they can be used as harmful magic.
Gold silkworm's harm can make people poisoned, chest and abdomen stir pain, swollen like an urn, and bleed to death on the seventh day.
It is said that the way to insult people is to insult a bamboo, about four or five inches long, which is quietly placed on the road, let pedestrians pass by and jump on the legs of pedestrians, which makes people feel very painful. Over time, Jimmy jumped on his knee again, because his feet were as small as crane knees and he would die within four or five years.
Danger of stone method: put a stone on the road and mark it as a note, but don't tell anyone. When pedestrians cross the road, a stone jumps into a person's body or stomach, which is hard at first. After three or four months, he became more active, sang, became constipated and lost weight, and was able to fly into his hands and feet. In three to five years, he will die.
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus harms people: Cook it and eat it with guests. It seems that there are three or five loaches moving in the stomach, sometimes rushing to the throat and sometimes walking down the anus. If you don't know the cure, you will die.
Harmful to the gods: after poisoning, the forehead burns, the mouth smells fishy, the spirit is dim, the temperament is impetuous, and the evil spirits are seen. If you commit a big crime, if you encounter an evil enemy, you will sometimes have suicidal thoughts.
Harm of malnutrition: put snake powder in meat, vegetables, wine and rice for people to eat. Others put them on the road and step into the human body. After entering the back, the powder sticks to the intestine, causing abdominal distension, screaming, pain, diarrhea, impulsiveness and other symptoms.
Danger of swelling: The old custom of Zhuang nationality calls it "swelling". After poisoning, the abdomen is big, the abdomen is ringing, and constipation is knotted. What's more, one ear is often plugged.
Harm of epilepsy: After taking germs to poison people, people's hearts will faint, faint, laugh and scold impermanence. Drugs can be toxic and angry when drinking, just like epilepsy.
Harm of yin snake method: the poisoned person dies within 30 days. At first, it was vomiting and diarrhea, then abdominal distension, loss of food, fishy smell in the mouth, fever on the forehead and redness on the face. Heavy face, ears, nose and abdomen have abnormal movements, turning over and making noises, causing constipation. Plus epilepsy drugs, there is no hope of cure.
Harm of raw snake method: the poisoning situation is similar to that of yin snake method, but there are some differences. It is swelling, two or three inches long, jumping, and stopping eating meat; If you enter the body, it will take shape, either a snake or a meat turtle. You will bite all over your body and your head hurts, especially at night. There are also foreign snakes biting into the pores with the wind, and it is really impossible to seek treatment from both inside and outside.
Method is tangible or intangible, and poisoning is extremely easy, but we should pay great attention to the identification method. Identification method after poisoning: (1) Eat raw soybeans (black beans can also be eaten), and if it doesn't smell fishy in the mouth, it is poisoning. (2) Chewing licorice one inch with moxibustion and spitting out the throat juice is poisoning. (3) Insert the silver needle into the cooked duck egg, including the mouth, and take it out one hour later. If protein is black, it is poisoned.
The method of poisoning is very powerful and can make people sick and die. Although there is a cure, don't try it easily. It is said that the preventive measures are as follows: (1) All houses that are clean, dust-free and beadless are treasures of collectors, so don't associate with them. (2) Before drinking tea, drinking water, eating vegetables, eating rice, etc., anyone must knock on cups and bowls with chopsticks. It is poisoning, so he urgently needs to ask his master, "Is it poisonous when eating?" If you ask, you can avoid drugs. (3) Traveling with garlic, eat garlic first at every meal. You throw up at the first move. If you don't spit, you die. The host is afraid of being implicated, and of course he dare not play tricks. (4) Water chestnut, no matter how much, can be sliced and dried into powder, and the soup can be sent down every morning (subject to two yuan), which can also avoid injury. (5) It is particularly difficult to treat rice wine poisoning, so it is not advisable to drink alcohol when going out.
The most common detoxification method is to swallow realgar, garlic seeds and calamus with boiling water to detoxify. Gold silkworm, most afraid of being like a mouse, has a hedgehog with prickly hair like a boar arrow, so hedgehog is a specific medicine for treating gold silkworm's method. Others, such as centipedes and earthworms, can often be cured.
Ancient witchcraft
Egyptians believe that witchcraft created the earth, so witchcraft is older and more powerful than gods. Correct spells, amulets and spells can be used to beg, cajole or threaten gods, demons and the dead to yield to the will of wizards.
People believe that magic comes from gods and is given to kings and priests. But there are more ordinary wizards, who don't kill people to seize power, just seek good luck, control epidemics and refine aphrodisiacs. Witchcraft is for some practical needs, such as: protecting pregnant mothers; Ensure that the dead can talk, eat and see in the afterlife; Heal patients. Dawn and dusk are the best time to cast spells. Write it down or repeat it over and over again, usually with magic knives and figurines. Magic numbers, blood, semen, oil, plants and black and white colors are all important elements of witchcraft.