Planting method of Korean pine 1 Afforestation site selection: flat land or mountainous area with slope less than 25 degrees in Xiaoxing 'anling and Changbai Mountain, and slightly acidic sandy loam with soil thickness of A+B layer greater than 30 cm.
2. Soil preparation: the hole-shaped soil preparation is fixed with guy wires, and the plant spacing is 3m? 3 meters, aperture 80 cm, depth 40 cm. The time of soil preparation depends on the climatic conditions in different regions, generally starting from mid-June+10 in 5438 and ending before the soil is frozen. If the soil is prepared too early, the soil will harden easily after rain and sun exposure. The soil preparation is too late, and the soil has frozen, which makes the soil preparation more difficult. In addition, soil preparation is not allowed in spring, because after soil thawing in spring, soil moisture evaporates, permeates and loses too much, which is not conducive to the survival of planted Korean pine seedlings.
3. Seedling selection: Korean pine seedlings with 7-9 years old and changed beds twice are selected. Seedling standards are: ground diameter is greater than 0.8 cm, seedling height is greater than 35 cm, main root length is greater than 20 cm, and lateral root system is greater than 20. The trunk is required to be straight, the terminal buds are full, the color is normal, there are no pests and diseases, and the main roots, lateral roots, trunk and lateral branches are not damaged.
4. Sowing and packaging: 7 days before planting, fill the roots of the selected seedlings with wet straw or soak them with rooting powder and water absorbent, then wrap the roots and crown tightly with plastic bags and put them in a damp and cool place for later use.
5. Planting: when the soil is thawed in mid-April. Dismantle the seedlings, remove the packaging of the roots, plant the seedlings in the prepared holes, stretch the roots and straighten the seedlings. At the same time, evenly apply 0.25 kg of ammonium nitrate and phosphate fertilizer to each hole, fill it in layers, step on it with your feet, pour water on it, and cover it with 2 cm thick leaves or weeds to keep it moist.
6. Young forest tending: After planting Korean pine seedlings, intercropping tall crops such as sorghum or corn between rows 50 cm away from the seedlings can not only provide shade for Korean pine, but also absorb some nutrients from the fertilizer applied by the crops. When weeding, manual weeding is adopted, and chemical herbicides are prohibited.
7. Rodent control: The mother forest created by Korean pine seedlings is prone to rodent damage in spring and autumn, which can be controlled by applying pesticides in early April and late June of 10 every year.
Main function park
Courtyard street trees, street trees, scenic forests, road greening, landscape greening. Artificial Korean pine forests are also planted in mountainous areas, semi-mountainous areas and forest farms. As a green tree species, it has entered the noisy towns and markets from distant mountains and rivers.
eat
Korean pine
Pine nuts are the seeds and fruits of Korean pine, also known as sea pine. Pine nuts contain fat, protein and carbohydrates. Pine nuts are an important traditional Chinese medicine, which can strengthen the body, moisturize the skin and prolong life. Li Shizhen spoke highly of pine nuts in Ming Dynasty. He wrote in Compendium of Materia Medica:? Sea pine nuts, commonly known as Silla pine nuts, are sweet and nontoxic; Indications: joint wind, dizziness, muscular atrophy, whitening, eliminating dampness, moistening five internal organs, expelling wind, resisting cold and qi deficiency, nourishing five internal organs, dispelling wind, moistening stomach and prolonging life. ? Edible, can be used as candy, pastry accessories, but also as a substitute for vegetable oil. Pine nut oil is edible, mainly fried and boiled.
Sexual taste of pine nuts: pine nuts are flat and sweet. Has the effects of invigorating kidney and qi, nourishing blood, moistening intestine, relaxing bowels, moistening lung and relieving cough.
Nutrition: Pine nuts have high nutritional value. Every100g of pine nut meat contains16.7g of protein, 63.5g of fat, 9.8g of carbohydrate, 78mg of mineral calcium, 236mg of phosphorus, 6.7mg of iron and unsaturated fatty acids.
officinal
Efficacy: pine nuts contain a lot of unsaturated fatty acids. Eating pine nuts regularly can strengthen the body, especially for the elderly, low back pain, constipation, dizziness, children's growth retardation and so on, which has the functions of tonifying kidney and benefiting qi, nourishing blood and moistening intestines, nourishing and strengthening the body. Treat dry cough, hematemesis, constipation and other diseases. "Japanese herbs" Dispelling wind and cold, deficiency and qi deficiency, tonifying deficiency and moistening skin, nourishing five internal organs? . What's in the "corn potion"? Moisten the lungs to relieve cough, moisten the intestines to relieve constipation, switch joint pain, moisturize and protect hair? . It can be seen that eating pine regularly can prolong life, beauty beauty. Loose stool due to spleen deficiency, nocturnal emission due to kidney deficiency and severe wet phlegm should not eat more.
industry
Korean pine
Korean pine is a famous and precious economic tree species. Korean pine is an excellent timber tree species, with yellowish white sapwood, yellowish brown or reddish brown heartwood, light and soft, straight texture, fine structure, specific gravity of 0.38-0.46, strong corrosion resistance and easy processing. It can be used as materials for buildings, ships, bridges, sleepers, poles, furniture, plates and raw materials for wood fiber industry. Turpentine can be extracted from wood and roots. Bark can be extracted with tannin extract. Seeds are large and edible, containing fatty oil and protein, and can be squeezed into food or used to make soap, paint and lubricating oil. [2]
Korean pine is light and soft, delicate in structure, dense in texture, beautiful in appearance, difficult to deform and strong in corrosion resistance. It is the first-class wood for making buildings, bridges, sleepers and furniture. Even the branches, bark and roots of Korean pine can be used to make pulp and fiberboard. Industrial raw materials such as turpentine, pine needle oil and rosin can also be squeezed from pine roots, leaves and turpentine. [9]
ecology
According to experts, the ecological value of Korean pine is more than 1300 times of its economic value. The ecological value of Korean pine mainly includes: absorbing carbon and discharging oxygen, regulating climate, conserving water, preventing wind and fixing sand, protecting species diversity and protecting national security.
The vegetation of broad-leaved Korean pine forest is like a huge sea, absorbing rainwater. The roots of Korean pine firmly adhere to the soil to fix the soil, and the roots transport rainwater underground to form a natural reservoir, so that soil and water will not be lost and the mountain will not slide.
Take one hectare of Korean pine forest as an example, it can absorb 13 tons of carbon dioxide every year, and at the same time discharge 9.5 tons of deoxidizer, and release a large number of negative oxygen ions, which is 5-8 times higher than that in cities, which is very beneficial to people's health, eliminate harmful bacteria and dust and purify the air. More than 660 tons of rainwater can be stored in the soil, which can effectively regulate the river water quantity, thus preventing the formation and outbreak of mountain torrents. The litter on the forest floor weighs 26 tons, but 78 tons of rainwater is absorbed and released slowly in rainy season. Korean pine is the green messenger of Xiaoxing 'anling forest, which supports a blue sky for Yichun, the forest capital.
Korean pine is a top community and a supporting tree species in its forest system. Korean pine seeds are the main food of many forest animals, such as squirrels, ducks, dragons, black bears, wild boar and other wild animals have to eat a lot of Korean pine seeds. Without Korean pine, many wild animals that feed on pine nuts will be extinct. Therefore, protecting Korean pine is also protecting biodiversity resources and protecting the safety of the biological chain in Xiaoxing 'anling.
afforestation
Korean pine is the main afforestation tree species north of Xiaoxing 'anling, Zhangguangcailing, Changbai Mountain and Dandong Line in Shenyang. Compared with larch, Korean pine grows slowly in the first 10 year after afforestation. When the forest age 10 year, the height of the tree can reach 4.2 meters, and the DBH is about 2.7 cm, which is only 50% of that of larch. By the age of 20, the height of Korean pine can reach about 8.6 meters, and the DBH is about 1 1.9 cm. Compared with Larix gmelinii under the same site conditions, the tree height is 3.2m shorter than Larix gmelinii, DBH is 2cm longer than Larix gmelinii, and the volume per plant is 0.0 1 1 m3. By 26 years, the height of Korean pine will be about 10 m, and the DBH will be about 15.5 cm. Under the condition of 1.939 plants per hectare, the volume per hectare will reach 1.48 cubic meters, which is 35 cubic meters higher than that of larch forest under the same conditions. At the age of 49, the height of Korean pine is about 17.4m, DBH is about 27.5, the number of trees per hectare is 585, and the stock is 296m3. Under the same conditions, the height of Larix gmelinii plantation with 14+0 1 is 27.2m, the DBH is 25.5cm, and the number of trees per hectare is 540. After the second tending and thinning, the Korean pine plantation gets cubic meters of thinning wood per hectare; Carrying out secondary tending and thinning on the Larix gmelinii plantation to obtain cubic meters of thinning wood; Korean pine plantation began to bear fruit at the age of 25 years, with each hectare 15000 pieces.
Korean pine is not only an excellent timber tree species and economic tree species, but also the best choice for soil and water conservation and water conservation forest. According to the study of soil water conservation function of main forest vegetation types, the average thickness of litter in Pinus koraiensis plantation is 4.2 cm, the litter accumulation per hectare is 78.53 tons, and the water holding capacity per hectare is 1 15.44 tons, which are 1.35 times, 1.30 times and/larch plantation respectively. It is 0.89 times, 1.80 times and 2. 13 times that of miscellaneous forest respectively. The effective water storage capacity per hectare of Korean pine plantation is 65,438 0.505.8 tons, and the saturated water storage capacity is 4,740.2 tons, which are 65,438 0.29 times and 65,438 0.64 times of larch plantation respectively. It is 65,438+0.36 times and 65,438+0.465,438+0 times of the miscellaneous forest respectively.
Pest control: Giant moth larvae eat leaves, which is the most serious from July to September, and 90% trichlorfon 0. 1% solution can be sprayed. Insect cysts can also be cut manually in winter or early spring.
Spot disease: caused by pathogenic fungi. Brown spots appeared on the leaves in the early stage, surrounded by purple halo, and black mold could be seen on the spots. With the increase of temperature, sometimes several diseased spots are connected together, and finally the leaves are scorched and fall off. The optimum temperature range of pathogen growth is 25 ~ 30℃, and the optimum temperature of spore germination is 65 08 ~ 27℃. Under suitable temperature and high humidity conditions, spores can germinate within a few hours. The area has entered the rainy season, with dense planting, poor ventilation and light transmission, and a relatively stable environment with high humidity and suitable temperature has been formed among plants, which is very conducive to the germination and invasion of pathogen spores. Pathogens can be repeatedly infected and ignored, which may lead to major diseases. Control method: kocide wettable powder 1000 times solution or 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution and Sheng Da 1000 times solution spray.
Scarab: Control should be carried out in the evening or early morning. Phoxim or Lethburn spray can be used for control.
Starscream: It can be killed by dichlorvos 1200- 1500 times or 40% dimethoate 1500 times.
Yellowing of leaves caused by iron deficiency: The typical manifestation of iron deficiency is that young leaves turn yellow first.