Gymnastics is a kind of physical exercise with bare hands or equipment. The word "gymnastics" comes from ancient Greek, and its Italian is "naked technique", because it was all naked practice at that time and was later adopted by European and American countries. China is called "gymnastics". Its meaning and content change with the times.
The official name of modern gymnastics is competitive gymnastics, which is a branch of gymnastics, also called gymnastics for short. This is a complex and coordinated action on the specified equipment, and it is scored according to the score of the action or the difficulty, arrangement and completion of the action.
Modern gymnastics originated in 18 and 19 centuries. At that time, Germany, Sweden and Denmark appeared in Europe, which not only promoted the further development of gymnastics, but also laid the foundation for the formation of modern gymnastics. 1952 Helsinki Olympic Games listed gymnastics as an official event.
At present, there are world cup, world championship and Olympic gymnastics competitions in the world. International and domestic large-scale gymnastics competitions generally include three different and interrelated competitions, namely, team competition, individual all-around competition and individual competition.
The events included in gymnastics
"Gymnastics" is a general term for all gymnastics events, not a specific name. According to the purpose and task, gymnastics can be divided into basic gymnastics and competitive gymnastics. Basic gymnastics refers to a kind of gymnastics with simple movements and techniques. Its main purpose and task is to keep fit and cultivate a good posture. Its main target is the broad masses of the people. The most common are broadcast gymnastics and fitness gymnastics to prevent and treat various occupational diseases. Literally, competitive gymnastics refers to a kind of gymnastics whose main purpose is to win in the field, get excellent results and compete for medals. This kind of gymnastics is difficult, complicated and thrilling, and it is mainly athletes who engage in this kind of gymnastics training. At present, competitive gymnastics includes competitive gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, aerobics, acrobatics and trampoline. Among them, men's competitive gymnastics events include floor exercise, pommel horse, rings, vault, parallel bars and horizontal bar, while women's events include vault, uneven bars, balance beam and floor exercise. Because competitive gymnastics has the longest history, it can be said to be the "big brother" in competitive gymnastics, so now people are usually used to calling it "competitive gymnastics".
Basic situation of gymnastics competition
match
According to the competition rules of the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG), major international competitions (such as the Olympic Games and the World Gymnastics Championships) are often held separately for men and women. The men's and women's division refers to the men's and women's division, with six men's teams and one team for each event; Women also have six teams in each competition. In some small and medium-sized international competitions and domestic competitions, men and women are basically playing together. Men and women play together to facilitate the arrangement of the game. There are three men's teams and three women's teams competing at the same time in each game, which is divided into the first half and three rounds in each half. In the first half, three men's teams competed in floor exercise, pommel horse and rings, two women's teams competed in vault and uneven bars, and the other women's team had a bye. After three rounds in the first half, the second half will be held. The men's team has three events: vault, parallel bars and horizontal bar, while the women's team will compete in balance beam and floor exercise. So the vault and floor exercise will be staggered because of the first half and the second half.
Before the official start of the competition, athletes do various pre-competition exercises for 30 seconds each. Five people in each team, ***2 minutes and 30 seconds. After the start of the competition, the project referee holds high the green flag or gives the green light, which is a signal to the athletes preparing for the competition. If the athlete fails to board the equipment 30 seconds after the signal is sent, even if he abstained, he will be awarded 0 points.
Athletes should raise their right hand to the referee before boarding the equipment, which is both a respect for the referee and a reminder to the referee: I'm going to start doing the action. When athletes complete a set of movements, they should also stand at attention and signal to the referee that the movement is over. Then the judges of Group A and Group B will determine a starting score (the highest starting score is 10) according to the difficulty of athletes' completion, special arrangement and joint action, and show it to the whole audience. The referee in Group B asked to deduct points from the skill and posture of this movement within 30 seconds, and fill in the scoring table, which was sent to the referee by the electronic scoring system or the runner. Finally, the referee will show the final score of this set of actions in Italy according to the scores of the judges in Group A and Group B. If all five athletes of a team have completed the competition, a red flag or a red light will be hung on the equipment to indicate the end of the competition. If all events are hung with red flags or red lights, the announcer will inform athletes to rotate the events. Repeat this cycle until all six events are over.
The international gymnastics scoring rules clearly stipulate that athletes should wear uniform clothes in all team competitions, and must wear vests, gymnastics pants and gymnastics shoes (or socks) in pommel horse, rings, parallel bars and horizontal bar competitions. The reason for this rule is that these four events mainly focus on upper limb movements, and wearing pants not only has little effect on athletes' movements, but also increases the aesthetic feeling of movements. Floor exercise and vault are basically full-body participation in sports, especially leg activities. In order to ensure that athletes can better play their own level and create better results in the competition, the rules stipulate that they can wear shorts or walk barefoot (to prevent slipping) in these two events. If an athlete violates these regulations, a certain score will be deducted from the team's total score or individual score.
Know little about gymnastics
In gymnastics competitions, the audience often see that athletes always carry a leather thing on their hands when making rings or horizontal bars, one end of which is worn on their fingers and the other end is tied to their wrists. This is called "palm guard". As the name implies, "palm protection" is used to protect the palm. Because athletes do all kinds of hanging, swinging, circling, turning and other actions in the rings and horizontal bars, they completely grasp the rings or barbells with their hands, and there is friction between the palms and the equipment. After a long time, the skin of the palms will be blistered or even peeled off, which will affect the training. In order to protect the palm, make the training time longer and the effect better, and avoid blistering and peeling, the "palm guard" was invented in the actual training process. However, with the passage of time and the development of gymnastics technology, the function of "palm guard" has also changed, gradually evolving from a single "protection" function to improving "grip strength", helping and promoting the development of movement difficulty, making the technical development of horizontal bar and rings leap. In particular, the technology of horizontal bar is changing with each passing day and is deeply loved by the audience. In a certain Italian sense, all this is due to the appearance and continuous development of the guard.
During the competition, the audience can see the athletes standing in front of a white cylinder, rubbing the white powder back and forth with their hands, and then boarding the equipment. What are they doing? This is a kind of non-slip magnesium carbonate powder, which aims to increase the friction between the palm and the musical instrument and prevent it from falling off the lever. If you don't use difficult movements such as magnesium powder, you can see the importance of carefully rubbing magnesium powder before athletes get on the equipment.
Gymnastics named after China athletes.
So far, there are 32 technical moves named after China athletes by the International Gymnastics Federation. Prince of gymnastics Li Ning has the most, a ***4, and Cheng Fei's jump is the 32nd naming action.
Female (15)
pommel/side horse
Huiying Wang: Forward somersault and forward somersault, turning 65438 degrees +080 degrees-"Huiying Wang turning"
Cheng Fei: Fork hand backhand somersault 180 degrees, forward somersault 540 degrees-"Cheng Fei jumps".
uneven bars
Horse: 360-degree handstand-"Horse handstand"
Mo Huilan: The ball somersaults over the bar and grabs it-"Mo Huilan somersaults"
Liu Xuan: One-armed Circle-"Liu Xuan's One-armed Circle"
Liu Xuan: One-arm Loops Connecting Gongor —— "Liu Xuan's One-arm Loops Connecting Gongor"
Li Li: After hanging the leg, cross the bar, and then grab the bar-"Li Li leaps over"
Li Luo: "Li Luo stands upside down"
Horse: The back somersault of the abdominal ring cable group turns 360 degrees-"dismount"
Bi Wenjing: Twist the big loop of the arm, 360 degrees to the single arm-"Bi Wenjing turn"
Li Ya: Forward somersault twist 180 degree grab bar directly connected with forward somersault-"Li Ya somersault".
balance beam
Bai Yang: Split-leg loop jump-"Bai Yang jump"
Lori: Before entering the middle, turn into a handstand with twisted arms-"Lori jumps on the handstand"
Li Li: Turn back 450 degrees-"Li Li turns back"
Lu Li: On the crossbar, one leg bends and the other jumps 90 degrees to form a cross-standing-"Lu Li jump".
Chen Cuiting: Sit down with somersaults after the regiment —— Under Chen Cuiting.
Male (17)
free exercise
Kimmy: Spin turns 360 degrees-"Children fly around"
Li Yuejiu: One leg somersaults for a week and a half, and at the same time somersaults 90 degrees forward-"the moon is long and somersaults".
Lou Yun: Split-leg somersault 270 degrees-"Lou Yun somersault"
Pommel horse/pommel horse
Kimmy: The horse is upright and fully rotated, and the two rings stand up and turn 180 degrees to form another horse upright-"Kimmy shift"
Wang Chongsheng: Thomas turns upside down 180 degrees, and then Thomas turns 90 degrees and turns upside down into a riding brace-"Wang Chongsheng turns".
Wu Guonian: Russia twisted 720 degrees and turned three places at the same time-"Wu Guonian Twist"
Li Ning: Crossing and turning 90 degrees, and then falling into the riding support from a single lap-"Li Ning Crossing"
ring
Li Ning (1): Rear suspension and front pendulum as support-"Li Ning pendulum"
Li Ning (2): Turn the bracket over and put it into a bracket before hanging it-"Li Ning is hanging"
Li: Starting from the support, slowly lower it into a suspended vertical arm and press it into a cross for 2 seconds-"Li Cross"
pommel/side horse
Lou Yun: Forehand somersault 540 degrees or straight body 360 degrees-"Lou Yun Jump"
Lu Yufu: Tsukuhara bent down and did two somersaults-"Lu Yufu jumps"
Li: Forefork backhand somersault 180 degrees, straight somersault 900 degrees-"Li Jump"
horizontal bar
Zou Limin: Turn the forward somersault 360 degrees into a single-arm twist arm, and turn the forward somersault 360 degrees into a reverse grip-"Zou Limin somersault"
Xiao Ruizhi: Flip-forward somersault becomes reverse handspring-"Xiao somersault"
parallel bars
Li: Swing forward and flip backward to form a hanging arm-"Li Hang".
Li Ning: Parallel Bar Circle Turn 180 into Support —— Li Ning's Parallel Bar Circle
Explanation of terms in gymnastics competition
The 32nd violation (30 seconds)
Gymnastics competition terminology. It means that during the competition, if the competition is interrupted due to a fall or fall, athletes are allowed to continue to complete the following actions within 30 seconds. If it exceeds 30 seconds, it will be judged as a 30-second violation, and the referee will not score the action that continues to be completed.
Risk Extra Score (Difference and Originality)
Gymnastics competition terminology. "Three natures" refers to the thrills in the difficulty of movements, the uniqueness in arrangement and the proficiency in completing movements. A set of optional actions that meet the requirements, exceeding 9.4 points; If one of the above three characteristics exists, if you add 0.2 points, the full score of all actions will be 10 points.
Group A, B and C Difficult Movements (Part A, B and C)
Gymnastics competition terminology. The men's technical committee of the International Gymnastics Federation was adopted at the meeting in Zurich on 1954. That is to say, according to the difficulty from low to high, the movements are divided into three levels: group A, group B and group C, and the classification table of the movement difficulty of each event is worked out and attached to the international scoring rules issued at that time. Since then, with the improvement of technical level, the difficulty classification table in the scoring rules has become more and more perfect. Now there are E-group sports, and it is even harder to call them Super E-group sports.
Hold consultations
Gymnastics competition terminology. Refers to the negotiation of scoring by the referee group in gymnastics competition. Usually, when the difference between the two effects or the difference between the referee and the referee is beyond the scope allowed by the rules, the referee will convene the referee to negotiate in order to unify their views and adjust the score.
Effective Score (Intermediate Score)
Gymnastics competition terminology. In gymnastics competition, one referee and four referees serve as grading. The referee will remove the highest score and average score from the four scores and take the middle two scores. If the difference between these two scores is within the range allowed by the rules, it is a valid score. If the two intermediate scores exceed the allowable gap, the score will be adjusted to the allowable range through negotiation, which is the effective score.
Violate discipline (demand)
Gymnastics competition terminology. Refers to the violation of rules and regulations during the competition. For example, athletes' numbers don't match, they leave the venue without authorization, they deliberately delay the time after the game signal is issued, and the coach or companion gives tips during the game.
Risk (risk)
Gymnastics competition terminology. One of the three favorable factors. Refers to the thrilling degree of a single difficult movement and some difficult connection techniques that are easy to miss in joint movements. According to the international gymnastics scoring rules, if the optional action has this nature, you can add 0.2 points.
Basic score (basescore basic score)
Gymnastics competition terminology. Refers to the average of the sum of judges' scores and the sum of two valid scores in gymnastics competition. In the men's competition, it was standard score who corrected the score during the consultation. The referee should make his score close to it, and then calculate the final score according to the adjusted score. In the women's competition, when the negotiation fails to reach an agreement, it will be regarded as the final score of the athletes.
Final score (final score)
Gymnastics competition terminology. Refers to the score of an athlete after completing a set of actions in gymnastics competition. Generally, it is the average of two valid points. However, in the vault event, if there are two attempts, the final result of the women's team and all-around event will be better, and the average of the two victories will be the final result of the men's and women's individual finals.
Explanation of basic movements in gymnastics competition
Support (rest; ; Support)
One of the gymnastics movements. Refers to the static action that the shoulder axis of human body is higher than the instrument axis and exerts pressure on the grip point. It can be divided into simple support (only supporting the instrument with hands) and mixed support (supporting the instrument with hands and part of the body at the same time). It is one of the basic movements in instrumental gymnastics practice.
The front bracket horizontally hangs the scale rod.
One of the gymnastics auxiliary movements. Refers to the support or static action of the body in a horizontal posture. Need strength and quality. This is a difficult static action.
Hand frame
One of the static movements in gymnastics. Human handstand action, palms on the ground, head down, arms and legs straight. According to the posture of the action, it can be divided into: bending arm, bending arm straight body, straight arm straight body, straight arm bending handstand, one-handed handstand and so on. The requirements for upper limb strength and body control ability are higher.
Hand flip (beuypitch；; Hand flip, mid-air roll; Spring)
One of the tumbling movements in gymnastics. Refers to the action of standing on the ground or equipment with your hands, standing upside down, then turning over, while pushing and supporting with your hands. According to the turning direction, there are three kinds of cartwheels: forward, backward and sideways. Supporting jumping and other events is also one of the basic movements of technical sports.
Hang (hand); ; Suspense)
One of the gymnastics movements. Refers to the static action that the shoulder axis of human body is lower than the instrument axis, which produces pulling force on the grip point. Hanging on the instrument by hand is called "simple hanging". Like hanging on the horizontal bar. The hand and a part of the body are suspended on the instrument or touch the ground at the same time, which is called "mixed suspension". For example, hanging on one knee. It is one of the basic movements in instrumental gymnastics practice.
Twist turn
A somersault in gymnastics. It refers to the compound somersault action that the human body rotates around the longitudinal axis while turning two times along the horizontal axis after flying. According to the turning direction, it is divided into forward turning and reverse turning; According to human posture, it can be divided into group rotation, flexion rotation and straight rotation; Divide it into two laps and three laps according to the number of laps.
Roll (roll)
One of the gymnastics movements. Refers to the trunk touching the ground or equipment in turn, and also passing through the turning action of the head. It can be divided into forward rolling (moving forward) and backward rolling (moving backward). It is one of the contents of gymnastics enlightenment training.
Swing action
A kind of gymnastics. It refers to an action that changes the relative position of various parts of the human body through muscle strength, adjusts and combines the movement speed of various parts of the human body, and makes the human body move at variable speed. According to the characteristics of the movement speed of various parts of the human body, it can be divided into many kinds, such as big pendulum, flexion and extension, ring and so on. , is the biggest change and the most complicated action in instrument gymnastics. It is beneficial to cultivate the sense of rhythm of movements, improve the coordination ability of the body, and enhance muscle strength and three-dimensional orientation ability.
Treasury (treasury)
One of the gymnastics movements. It refers to an action that the whole human body jumps over the instrument. According to the direction of human movement, there are three kinds of prancing: forward prancing, back prancing and side prancing. According to the posture of the human body after prancing, there are leg prancing, bending prancing, standing prancing and so on. When doing this kind of action, the human body leaps higher, the flight time is longer, and it is thrilling.
Static action
A kind of gymnastics. It refers to the static posture that is completed by the coordinated exertion of muscles and staying in space for a certain period of time according to the specified requirements to maintain the balance and stability of the body. For example, all kinds of hanging, supporting and handstand movements. In the process of action completion, it belongs to isometric contraction in terms of the characteristics of muscle work; As far as respiratory characteristics are concerned, there are two forms of breathing: compound breathing and chest breathing.
Gymnastics competition rules
The first impression of gymnastics is the visual enjoyment brought by its perfect movements, just like the perfect feeling brought by Romanian teenager nadia comaneci 1976 at the Montreal Olympics. But the gymnastics team competition showed its unique charm.
Remember 1976 the Japanese player named Fuji at the Montreal Olympics? He hurt his kneecap in the game because of a mistake, so it is reasonable to say that he should not continue the game. However, in the team competition, five players participated in different events, and the total score of the team was the top four. Fuji thought that he should not tell his teammates who were struggling against the Soviet Union at this time, so he concealed his injury from everyone, including the coach. Fuji, who concealed his injury, scored 9.5 points on the pommel horse, probably because his selfless dedication touched the sky. In the end, the Japanese team defeated the Soviet team with a slight advantage of 576.85: 576.45. Many years have passed. When people here asked if Fuji would do the same thing if that scene was staged again, Fuji's answer was firm: "No!"
judge
Two groups of judges graded the players. The first group consisted of two judges who scored difficulty, with the highest score of 10. In the Olympics, the difficulty score is usually 10. The other group consists of six executive judges, who give the players' technical scores and performance scores respectively. Deduct 0. 10 for minor errors, 0.20-0.30 for moderate errors and 0.40 for major errors. Players lose equipment and deduct 0.50 points. Different from the judges in the first group, the scores given by the executive judges are independent, and the highest and lowest scores will be removed, and then the average score is the final score of the players.
score
In the team competition, the team score is the sum of the scores of each event. In individual competitions, the results of male players are the average of six points, while those of female players are the average of four points. For individual team events, the total score of men is 240 (6*40) and that of women is 160 (4*40).
Other rules
In order to prevent accidents, the guardian can stand beside the pommel horse, rings, parallel bars and vault, but if the contestants make mistakes in the competition and need the help of the guardian, 0.40 points will be deducted. In horizontal bar and rings, coaches or assistants can help athletes make initial movements. Athletes can use bandages and belts. During the competition, the coach is not allowed to communicate with the athletes. During the competition, athletes are not allowed to leave without authorization. Non-athletic behavior will be considered a foul. Under normal circumstances, unless the game is interrupted for some reason, athletes are not allowed to restart the game at will. Any landing action must be the standing posture of two retired dragons.
Introduction of Gymnastics Men's Events
free exercise
The length and width of the floor exercise ground are12m. The whole set of floor exercise is mainly based on skill movements, and it is connected and combined with other gymnastics movements such as strength and balance, soft body movements, reasoning and dancing to form a harmonious whole with rhythm and rhythm. A set of movements should make full use of the whole site (12m× 12m) and be completed in 50-70 seconds. Floor exercise requires strict skill strings and static movements, forward skill strings and backward skill strings, and static movements are difficult.
Pommel horse/pommel horse
The pommel horse 1.05m high and the lifting ring 12cm high. It is the basic feature of a set of actions of pommel horse to complete different full rotations and swings in different parts of the horse with different support methods. When doing a full turn, the main method is to turn your legs parallel to each other. It is allowed to do handstands with or without rotation. The movements of different structural groups must be completed in full strength, and no force movements are allowed in this project.
ring
The lifting ring is 2.55 meters high. A set of lifting ring movements should be composed of swinging movements and static movements with roughly equal proportions. These movements and connections are accomplished by hanging, crossing or supporting, crossing or standing upside down, and the straight arm is the main way to complete the movements. The transition from swing to static or from static to swing is a remarkable feature of contemporary gymnastics. When doing static action, the rings are required to be stationary, and there can be no big swing. The lifting ring requires a handstand with a certain degree of difficulty in swinging back and forth, and also requires a difficult static action of strength.
pommel/side horse
Vault height1.35m. The vault starts with the run-up and takes off with legs together. The longest run-up of vault is 25m. It is allowed to interrupt the run-up, but it is not allowed to return and run again. Vault requires a certain height and distance.
parallel bars
Parallel bars1.75m high. The parallel bars are composed of swinging and flying movements selected from many structural groups, and are completed by various supporting and hanging movements. When doing parallel bars, it is required to start from the posture of standing with legs together, and there can be no pre-action. There are at most three pauses or static actions in a group of actions, and other pauses greater than or equal to 1 second will not be allowed.
horizontal bar
The horizontal bar is 2.55 meters high. The whole set of horizontal bar movements consists of swinging movements, which are continuously completed by various grip methods, including big loop, near bar movements, turning around the longitudinal axis of the body, flying movements and so on. Two single-arm swings are allowed through the drooping surface of the rod. The horizontal bar has special requirements, such as difficult flying movements.
Introduction of gymnastics women's events
pommel/side horse
The vault of women's competitive gymnastics is a horizontal horse, which consists of a horse body, legs and a base. The length of the horse is 160- 163 cm, and the width of the horse is 35-36 cm. The height of horses varies according to different age groups. The adult group is 125 cm, and the children group is 100 cm. Horse legs are made of iron and can be raised and lowered. The equipment placed in front of the vault to help take off is called the bow springboard, which is also an indispensable equipment for vault. The board is 20-30 cm high and made of plywood, which has certain elasticity. All vault moves must be supported by both hands, and the run-up length is arranged according to the individual. The vault can be divided into several groups according to different types of air flight, and the numbers given by the coach before vault represent different movements.
uneven bars
Uneven bars are a unique event in women's gymnastics, which consists of two bars, one high and one low, and the distance between the bars is adjustable. The height of the low bar is 130- 160 cm, and the height of the high bar is 190-240 cm. The horizontal bar is oval, with a long diameter of 5 cm and a short diameter of 4 cm. The surface of FRP and wooden stick is used, which has good elasticity and firmness. The rules have specific requirements for the combination of different difficulties in the whole set of movements, the number of transitions between the low bar and the high bar, the difficulty of flying movements and the difficulty of turning.
balance beam
The balance beam is 5m long and 0. 1 m wide, and the height of the wood can be raised or lowered as required. Official competition height1.2m. The completion time of the balance beam is limited, and the difficulty of the whole set of movements and the aerial skill string are strictly regulated.
free exercise
Floor exercise is a separate event for men and women, with a venue area of 12 square meters. There are many sponge blocks under the carpet, so the floor exercise floor is different from the general floor, with good elasticity and good cushioning performance, which is convenient for athletes to complete various difficult gymnastics jumps and technical somersaults on it. Floor exercise is a somersault and technical movement completed with music without accompaniment. The floor exercise has strict venue and time limit, which requires athletes to complete their movements within 70-90 seconds, and requires athletes' movements to cooperate well with music. There are also strict restrictions on the difficulty and connection of athletes' skill strings.
The starting score of gymnastics competition and its influence
Friends who often watch gymnastics competitions may have heard of the word "starting score", so what is starting score? What is the influence of the preliminary results of Xueba 5 on the final results? I am sure my friends want to know. The starting score refers to the maximum content value of a group of actions. It can also be understood as a basic score before evaluating the quality of athletes' movements, which is determined by the content value of the movements themselves. Specifically, the initial score of gymnastics set should be determined according to the difficulty, extra points and specific requirements. If the difficulty is enough, the extra points will be above 1. O, and meet all the specific requirements in the rules, the initial score is 65,438+00.0. The calculation of starting score in gymnastics competition is the responsibility of group A judges (experts), and group B judges are responsible for deducting points for athletes' mistakes in complete sets of movements. After the referee in Group B gives the penalty points, one of the highest points and one of the lowest points are removed, and the average value of the sum of the points of the other referees in Group B is taken; The final score of athletes is the initial score MINUS the average score of group B, so relatively speaking, those with high initial scores often end up with high scores; Those who have a low starting score, no matter how well the movement technique is completed and how beautifully the movement is done, the final score is often not too high. This is also the main reason why audience friends sometimes see that some athletes complete their movements very well, but their final results are not high.
Common injuries in gymnastics and their prevention
Gymnastics requires high physical quality of human body, and it is also an event with more sports injuries. The main reason is that gymnastics is more complicated and difficult to master, and most of them are practiced on equipment, so once they fall, they are more likely to get hurt. In addition, substandard equipment, improper protection and self-protection methods, and failure to follow the principles of teaching and training are also the causes of injuries. The following are some common injuries in gymnastics:
1. Horizontal bar: It is the event with more injuries among men's sextets, and it is also the most prone to serious injuries.
& lt 1 & gt； Callus injury of hand: it is most likely to occur when the palm is not in use, which is caused by friction. Callus formation is an adaptation. If it is not too thick, it will easily cause the skin to tear into calluses and even become dyed. If the calluses are too thick, you should soak your hands in warm water and then use a razor. When blisters appear, the peeled cortex should be cut off and disinfected to prevent infection. The best way to prevent calluses is to use palm guards.
2. Cervical spine injury: mostly occurs in various difficult movements. Therefore, when learning difficult movements, you should use seat belts, be protected by special personnel, have enough length and thickness of cushions, and be closely connected. At the beginning of training, there must be a sponge pit or sponge groove. In addition, when difficult movements are out of danger, coaches and athletes must study injury prevention measures. Also, athletes must pay attention when practicing, and the people around them should keep quiet.
3. Injury caused by downward manipulation: When downward manipulation is used, the knee joint and ankle joint are often sprained due to incorrect landing posture or unbalanced center of gravity, resulting in meniscus and knee ankle ligament injury.
When landing, legs together can avoid the above injuries.
In addition, it is also necessary to pay special attention to avoid single-arm support when falling to the ground, otherwise it will aggravate the fracture and dislocation of joints, and homeopathic rollover is a more protective method for women.