(16 15- 1694) Ziheng is a native of Xiuning County in western Anhui. Because of his poor family, he gave up his career and decided to study medicine. He painstakingly studied ancient medical works, combined with clinical practice, after 30 years of exploration and research. He is the author of Notes on Sushen Lingshu, Collection of Medical Prescriptions, Compendium of Materia Medica, Tang Tou Ge Ji and so on.

Chinese name: Wang Ang.

Nationality: China.

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Place of birth: Xiuning, Anhui

Date of birth: 16 15.

Date of death: 1695

Occupation: doctor, Chinese medicine

Masterpieces: Notes on Sushen Lingshu, Compendium of Materia Medica and Collection of Medical Prescriptions.

Personal profile

Wang Ang (16 15- 1695) was born in Ximen, Xiuning, Anhui in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Wang Ang studied classics since he was a child, and "there are hundreds of classics and history, so he is in no hurry to study them". He is a scholar in this county. In the late Ming Dynasty, Wang Ang was born in Lishui, Zhejiang. During this period, he took part in imperial examinations for many times, trying to make a career, but he often fell into Sun Shan.

After the demise of the Ming Dynasty, with the growth of Wang Ang's age and experience, he became more and more aware of the corruption in the imperial examination room and began to hate the imperial examination system. Because of the demise of the Ming Dynasty, he felt the rise and fall of the country and the nation. Therefore, in the early years of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, he resolutely abandoned Confucianism to become a doctor and devoted his life to medical theoretical research and writing books. As a result, a large number of medical popular science books have been popularized and become a generation of Xin 'an medical experts.

Main contribution

Wang Ang diagnosed diseases and attached importance to clinic. One is heavy pulse syndrome, and the other is injecting drugs. Wang believes that the importance of medicine lies in pulse-taking before pulse-taking If the pulse condition is not true, it is impossible to distinguish between true and false, and people rarely die. Secondly, it is necessary to clarify the nature of drugs, for example, a certain drug should be used in a certain meridian, or there are people who reach other meridians because of it (Compendium of Materia Medica).

In the process of practicing medicine for many years, Wang Ang found that "ancient and modern prescriptions (medical books) are extremely complicated", but there are few books annotated by medical prescriptions. Since Chen Wuxuan initiated the annotation of Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases, "no one has solved the problem for several days." It brings many difficulties to novice doctors, and it is difficult for doctors to master them. Therefore, Wang Ang extensively searched and collected many books. He is poor and deep. In the 21st year of Kangxi (1682), when Wang Ang was 68 years old, he wrote a collection of medical prescriptions.

The book Collection of Medical Prescriptions consists of six volumes, divided into 2 1 door. * * * Earned more than 370 yuan, with more than 490 yuan attached. This book is rich in ancient books, which not only absorbs the advantages of Chen Wuxuan's Zhongjing Shujie in the Song Dynasty and Wu Kun's Prescriptions and Prescriptions in the Ming Dynasty, but also combines with his long-term clinical practice to explain the cause of disease first and then the meaning of medication. We should avoid differences and only seek righteousness and clarity. After the publication of the Collection of Medical Prescriptions, it quickly swept the country, and was compiled into the Chinese Medical Code by Mr. Cao on 1935. It was published seven times by Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House on 1959~ 1979, and was listed as a reference textbook by universities of traditional Chinese medicine all over the country. 1999, the National Traditional Chinese Medicine Press compiled the Encyclopedia of Wang Ang Medicine.

life experience

Wang Ang abandoned Confucianism to attack medicine, and became a late bloomer in his thirties. He abandoned his official career to study art, thinking that "medicine is particularly important among all arts", so he specialized in medicine alone. Without a teacher, living in a remote mountainous area, relying on their own diligence, extensive reading and hard study, they eventually became a generation of famous artists.

main work

Wang Ang is not only good at clinical practice, but also devoted to the research of medical theory, and attaches great importance to the interaction of medicine. He often says "medication is like war". Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in Ming Dynasty was considered to be complete and well known, but it was too complicated. So Wang Ang's Compendium of Materia Medica was named Compendium of Materia Medica, in which every 400 items were collected from Bo, and the applicable ones were collected into small volumes.

Compendium of Materia Medica (four volumes) was written in 1683, and was examined and approved by Janice, one of the three famous doctors in the early Qing Dynasty. 1694 is widely published in China, with more than 70 editions. 1729 (Japan enjoys insurance 14) was spread to Japan, and Jiro Dongcun printed and distributed herbal medicine in Japan. After that, Compendium of Materia Medica was reprinted for at least 200 times, which has the deepest and widest influence in contemporary clinical practical materia medica. This book is very interesting to read, because it is accurate in drug selection, prominent in key efficacy and informative in usage. It is not only a monograph on pharmacology, but also a good medical book to study TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment and legislation. This book records more than 120 unique personal opinions of Wang Ang. For example, Plantago Seed, a Chinese medicine with three pence, blindly cured the sudden diarrhea of Ouyang Xiu (Wenzhong), a scholar of Hanlin in Song Dynasty, and put forward the function of human brain for the first time in Chinese medicine books, so it was deeply loved by the medical community and became one of the necessary learning books for Chinese medicine personnel.

Personality assessment

Wang Ang's medical work was boring all his life, but he never got tired of writing books. His book is based on the foundation, pays attention to popularization, pays attention to practicality, and is fluent and easy to understand. Wang Ang's life is rich in works. Besides Collection of Medical Prescriptions and Compendium of Materia Medica, there are other books, such as Notes on Sushen Lingshu, Melody of Tangtou Qu, Melody of Meridian Qu, Pukebaojing Encyclopedia, Readability of Materia Medica and so on. Compared with predecessors, these works "are all embodied in other ways and do not open the way." In the past, sages were the purpose of competition, which opened the door to change for future generations. "

The History of Traditional Chinese Medicine says that Wang Ang's books are popular and easy to understand, and he is a representative of the famous medical science popularization school in Qing Dynasty.

Major achievements

In the process of studying medicine, Wang Ang deeply felt that Su Wen and Ling Shu were classics that doctors must read. However, the volume is vast, the words are archaic, and the symptoms, acupuncture prescriptions and drugs are mixed; "It's not convenient to see questions and answers." Although physicians in past dynasties have discussed Huangdi Neijing a lot.

(including He Ling), but most of them are complicated and unclear, so it is difficult to grasp the main points of the content. He appreciated the compilation method that Hua Shou divided the different contents of Su Wen into 12 when reading Su Wen Chao in Yuan Dynasty. He copied the method and selected the main contents of Su Wen and Ling Shu (excluding acupuncture) for analysis, which were divided into viscera, meridians, pathogenesis, pulse, diagnosis, luck and trial treatment. He believes that Su Wen governs all kinds of laws, and writing is more important than reasoning. Lingshu focuses on acupuncture and meridians, and a considerable part of it is reflected in the number of manipulations. Therefore, the original text of each series is mainly Su Wen and Lingshu, but the essence is roughly included. In order to facilitate readers' reference, the original texts of Neijing are marked with their sources to avoid cross-references. Although it has been abridged in the original version of Neijing, the paragraphs are still coherent, and there is no disadvantage of splitting the original text. Compared with Hua Shou's Reading Su Wenchao, it has its own characteristics. Wang rearranged and edited the original work, which enhanced its systematicness. Most of the annotations are compiled from the works of Bing Wang in Tang Dynasty, Ma Su in Ming Dynasty, Wu Kun and Zhang Zhicong in Qing Dynasty, and can be combined with personal experience in learning Neijing to speak freely. In the preface of this book, he talks about how he.

When compiling this book, he said, "Either reduce its complexity, distinguish its fallacy, polish its meaning, elaborate its ignorance, or treat it as a doubt." It is more appropriate to demonstrate more and try to explain the meaning of Neijing. Because of his careful selection of the original text of Neijing (many of which have obvious academic value or clinical significance), orderly classification and concise annotations, this book has a great influence in the annotated version of Neijing, and even has been used as a textbook of Neijing by later generations. The above generally reflects Wang's attainments and writing achievements in medical theory.

Wang Ang has made outstanding contributions to the popularization of herbal prescriptions, and his influence on later generations is quite extensive. Since the publication of Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica (written in Han Dynasty), there have been many works in past dynasties. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in Ming Dynasty was widely quoted, and its exposition was detailed and comprehensive, containing 1892 kinds of drugs, which made great contributions to the study of Materia Medica. However, this book is so voluminous that it is difficult to read it all, which is not convenient for beginners to get started. Books such as Mistakes in Materia Medica and Songs of Medicine are limited to the duality of words, and there are still many gaps, which are necessary but not prepared. Moreover, the above-mentioned herbal works only say that a certain drug is used to treat a certain disease, and there is no reason for the indication. Even those who occasionally explain the properties of drugs are mostly unclear and unclear, which affects the popularization of herbal knowledge. Faced with this situation, Wang Ang is determined to work hard on the words "preparation" and "importance" and write a popular cursive script, mainly introducing the medicinal properties and indications. He devoted himself to the study of materia medica in past dynasties, learning from others' strengths, focusing on Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica and Miao Xiyong's Classic of Materia Medica in Ming Dynasty. He cut the complex and simplified it, returned the contract from the doctor, took more than 400 kinds of commonly used drugs, and compiled a book Compendium of Materia Medica in the twentieth year of Kangxi (168 1). Ten years later, he added more than 60 kinds, named "Bu Ben Cao", which was published in the world in the thirty-third year of Kangxi (1694), but later generations still used the old name "Ben Cao". The book is divided into eight volumes. The first volume is "General Meaning of Medicinal Properties", which outlines the four qi and five flavors, ups and downs, compatibility, meridian tropism, functions, taboos and processing essentials of drugs. After that, more than 470 kinds of drugs were divided into grass, wood, fruit, valley, stone, water, soil, animals, scales, fish, insects and people. First identify the qi, taste, shape and color of each medicine, and then describe the meridians, functions and indications. Taking the "Ten Doses" as the first priority, followed by local products, treatments and evils, many drugs are marked with toxicity, administration methods, dietary taboos, time of drug collection, synonyms, efficacy and identification of authenticity. There are more than 400 attached drawings. This book is novel in style, quite distinctive, with the essence of drug selection, covering almost all the most commonly used drugs in clinic, with clear and fluent words and easy to remember.

Wang's medication theory focuses on summing up the essence of famous articles by doctors in past dynasties. From the academic point of view, he learned from the past and did not follow it. He was able to compromise the views of the former sages and had many original opinions. For example, there are 18 objections and 19 fears in the book, and objections are raised according to clinical practice, regardless of the previous "anti-fear" theory; Although there are hundreds of opinions about its medicinal properties, we should judge its advantages and disadvantages from our own point of view. Although this book is a monograph on materia medica, in order to be more suitable for clinical reference, when discussing drugs, we must demonstrate that the nature of drugs should be combined with diseases or causes to explain each other. It also integrates the theories of physiology, pathology, diagnosis and therapeutics of traditional Chinese medicine, and the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment runs through it, so that readers can have rules to follow and choose drugs flexibly, which is practical. Therefore, the book has been widely circulated since its publication, and the publication volume has reached.

There are more than 60 kinds, of which the earliest version is from the thirty-third year of Kangxi (1694), and the other version is from the date of 1729. Because this book is easy to understand, it has a great influence on popularizing herbal knowledge.

It can also be said that it is the first masterpiece of herbal medicine in China. Before the Qing Dynasty, there were many prescriptions compiled by physicians in previous dynasties. Classification of medical prescriptions, prescription theory, etc.

On the surface, it is also elaborated, but there is not much effort in the solution. Jin Chengwuji's Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Ming has a discussion on prescription science, but there are only more than 20 kinds of prescription science. In the Ming Dynasty, Wu Kun wrote a Prescription. Although there are many medical notes, they are mostly limited to personal knowledge, and their meanings and explanations are not detailed enough, and the scope of receiving them is not wide enough. Wang Ang believes that doctors should know the root cause. Otherwise, "to cure diseases of the living, there is nothing wrong with killing." In view of this, when he wrote Compendium of Materia Medica, he copied the works of Chen Yan's Three Causes and One Disease Syndrome and Wu Kun's Medical Prescription Examination in the Song Dynasty, and collected and recorded various theories extensively. In the twenty-first year of Kangxi (1682), he wrote a book "Collection of Medical Prescriptions" to learn from each other's strengths and serve each other. This book contains nearly 700 prescriptions (including prescriptions and attached prescriptions) in ***3 volumes, which are divided into nourishing, publishing, vomiting, attacking interior, exterior and interior, reconciliation, regulating qi, regulating blood, expelling wind, dispelling cold, clearing summer heat, promoting diuresis, moistening dryness, purging fire, eliminating phlegm, promoting digestion, killing insects and improving eyesight. At the beginning of each subject, its functions, indications, etiology and pathogenesis of main treatment syndromes are briefly expounded. Under the names of all parties, briefly indicate the efficacy and source of prescriptions, followed by the main treatment syndromes, prescription composition, prescription explanation and prescription addition and subtraction. , and the source, pulse, dirty, classics and treatment methods of each party are recorded. At the end of the book, there is also a chapter "Emergency Prescription", which records more than 20 kinds of rescue methods when accidents or critical diseases break out for emergency use. Attached to the back of the book is the original release of other drugs 1, which shows readers the importance of disease prevention and health preservation with a concise and smooth narrative. The prescriptions compiled by Wang Ang are mostly famous prescriptions in past dynasties commonly used in clinic, and most of them are monosodium glutamate, mild in nature and reliable in curative effect. Its selection range is obtained from medical books of past dynasties; The principle of selecting prescription is reasonable, practical and effective, which belongs to the prescriptions created by famous doctors and those without the certificate of famous doctors, and reflects its objective and realistic attitude of selecting prescription. Some famous prescriptions (such as Lily Gujin Decoction, Jinsuo Gu Jing Pill, etc.). Because the original documents have been lost, all the descriptions in the book have been handed down from generation to generation. In the classification of prescription science, Wang borrowed from the theory of "Ten Doses", classified it according to its functions, and combined with the views of sages, created a classification method that comprehensively summarized prescription science according to etiology and treatment. The classification of this prescription is relatively perfect, which is convenient for clinical application, making recipe science an independent discipline independent of materia medica or disease syndrome. Readers can understand the relevant contents of similar prescriptions, which is convenient for selecting prescriptions according to diseases; At the same time, it also avoids the repetition of the same prescription. This was not only a pioneering work at that time, but also had a great influence on later generations. After that, most of the monographs of prescription science (such as Wu's "Editing and Application of Prescription Science" and Zhang Bingcheng's "Convenient Reader", etc. ) are classified according to this method, and even the textbooks of Prescription Science published at present basically follow the classification of doctors in Wang Ang. In the treatment of various prescriptions, Wang selected and recorded the academic essence of dozens of ancient and modern physicians, from Neijing and Treatise on Febrile Diseases to the theories of four great masters in Jin and Yuan Dynasties and sages in the early Ming Dynasty, and took them for the Expo, expressing their opinions and explaining the essence of the cube. His explanation focuses on "syndrome differentiation". "Although the famous prescription has an explanation, the treatment of the origin, pulse, viscera, meridians and medicinal properties cannot be completed." The close combination of explanation and clinic makes the theory, method, prescription and medicine connect correspondingly, which sets a standard for the explanation of later prescriptions. Due to the above characteristics, the collection of medical prescriptions has spread widely and has a great influence on future generations. It has been welcomed by readers for a long time and has become an important work in the whole book of traditional Chinese medicine. There are more than 50 kinds of publications, the earliest of which is Kang.

Xi twenty-one year engraving (1682).

After the publication of Collection of Medical Prescriptions, Wang Ang compiled a book "Collection of Tangtou Songs" after more than 10 years of practice, which enabled readers to learn and master commonly used clinical prescriptions in a short time, and published it in the thirty-third year of Kangxi (1694). This book selects more than 300 commonly used prescriptions and compiles more than 200 fluent and easy-to-read seven-character quatrains, with brief notes on each side, which makes up for the lack of rhyme limitation or simplification of quatrains. The characteristics of Wang's compilation are: roughly classified by function (20 kinds, similar to Xieji), which is easy to search; And "the song is not limited to the square, and the square is not limited to the sentence; Drug taste and drug introduction made Zhou Ming; It also shows that the ancients used drugs in the same way and it was easy to take. " This book is very popular with beginners and widely circulated, which has a great influence on the teaching and learning of prescription science in later generations. There are more than 30 periodicals. Later generations imitated this style to write folk songs, or supplemented, or adapted, or annotated, or explained in vernacular, and the list goes on. Until now, people who study Chinese medicine still use this book as an introductory reading.

Wang Ang's view of scholarship is relatively pure and objective. Not only did he attach importance to expounding the connotation of classic medical books such as Neijing, but also he was good at accepting new scientific knowledge. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, western medicine gradually entered China with missionaries, and Wang Ang adopted a more open attitude towards it. He believes that although western medicine does not know the principle of qi, the discussion on human body shape is more conclusive; It is also desirable to consider that the former sages said that "the brain is the house of the Yuan God" and "brain wave memory is in the brain". He said under the letter of Compendium of Materia Medica: "My hometown, Mr. Jin-Hee Kim, said that people's memories are all in their brains. Every time Anse recalls the past, he closes his eyes, stares and thinks, which shows that he is absorbed in his brain. " Wang Ang worships the ancient but not the ancient in academic thought, and is willing to accept the knowledge of western medicine, that is, doctors should choose the good and follow, which has a certain academic influence on the later "Chinese and Western schools".

In addition, Wang Ang also has a lot of research on health preservation. His health-preserving works, such as Yao Yuan Zhi Jie and Shou Ren Jing, briefly introduced the main points of health-preserving in past dynasties, and expounded the methods of disease prevention and fitness such as guidance, qigong and recuperation, the prevention of some common diseases, and the problems that should be paid attention to in diet and daily life. From the prime of life to the octogenarian, Wang Ang was diligent, determined to popularize and could not finish writing.

It can be clearly seen from the preface of Compendium of Materia Medica that the Ministry has the word "eighty old people in Xiuning". "Benefiting things and people" and "being a Zen master" are the goals pursued by Wang Ang all his life. He is determined to help medicine.

The world has saved the disease and made important contributions to the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese medicine. What is commendable is that Wang Ang is a self-taught medical scientist among ancient famous doctors. He is modest and eager to learn, seeking truth from facts, "knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing". He said in the Collection of Medical Prescriptions: "I have no career and no teacher to teach me. I don't know much about it, especially because I am very humble, so I can do what the ancients mean. " This modest and realistic attitude is worth learning. Wang Ang's main contribution is embodied in his rich medical works. In addition to the above, he also wrote pulse melodies, totaling nearly 10. Wang's academic influence and his positive role in the study of medical prescriptions in later generations are one of the few important figures in the history of medical development in China.