1. Sports: First, it refers to a social activity with physical exercise as the basic means, combined with natural factors such as sunshine, air and water and sanitary measures, with the aim of strengthening physical fitness, improving health and enriching social, cultural and recreational life. Physical education plays an important role in promoting normal physical development, improving mental health, enhancing social adaptability and cultivating all-round talents. Second, it refers to the educational activities that guide students to learn and master the basic knowledge and skills of physical education in the school education environment, so as to form their awareness of physical exercise, improve their physical activity ability and promote health. Physical education is not only an effective means of education, but also an important content of education.

2. Competitive sports: refers to the systematic and scientific training and competition for cultivating outstanding sports talents and creating outstanding achievements.

3. Social sports: refers to mass sports activities that citizens voluntarily participate in with the main purpose of improving physical and mental health.

4. Community sports: Regional mass sports are mainly carried out in street offices, with the natural environment and sports facilities as the material basis and all community members as the main targets. The main purpose is to meet the sports needs of community members and improve their physical and mental health.

5. Lifelong sports: it is the sum total of sports that people continue to carry out for various needs in life.

6. Physical education and health course: it is a compulsory course with physical exercise as the main means and improving the health of primary and secondary school students as the main purpose. It is a course to deepen the reform of the original physical education curriculum and highlight the health goals. It is an important part of the school curriculum system and an essential way to implement quality education and cultivate talents with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty.

7. Health: refers to a state, which is not only free from disease and weakness, but also perfect in physical, psychological and social aspects. A person can only be considered as a truly healthy person if he maintains a good state in physical, psychological and social adaptation. Physical education is an important means to promote health.

8. Physical health: refers to a person's good physical quality, normal function and good mental state. As a study in the field of physical health, students are required to understand the knowledge of nutrition, environment and health care related to sports, develop their physical fitness and improve their physical health.

9. Mental health: includes two meanings: one is the state of mental health. When individuals are in this state, they not only feel good about themselves, but also are in harmony with society. The other refers to the principles and measures to maintain mental health and reduce behavioral problems and mental illness. Physical activities have a positive impact on promoting people's mental health. As a study in the field of mental health, students are required to learn to adjust their emotional state through physical activities, enhance their self-esteem and self-confidence, and form a strong will quality.

10, social adaptation: refers to the individual's adjustment of his behavior habits or behaviors in order to adapt to the social living environment.

The process of degrees. In social life, each individual has his own unique way to deal with people and things, and has the desire and need for interpersonal communication, cooperation, friendship, respect, reputation and achievement. The satisfaction of all these needs depends on individual's social adaptation, and at the same time, they can promote individual's social adaptation. Individual's social adaptation includes a series of autonomous adaptation behaviors, which are usually manifested in specific adaptation methods such as adaptation, self-control, assimilation, obedience and obedience. People who often participate in sports activities will improve their social adaptability. As a social adaptation in the field of learning, students are required to cultivate a good spirit of cooperation and competition, form harmonious interpersonal relationships, and learn how to acquire physical education and health knowledge in modern society.

1 1, sports participation: refers to the attitude and behavior of students to actively participate in sports activities. Students who often participate in sports activities can cultivate and develop their interests and hobbies in sports, form the habit of physical exercise, and make sports activities an important part of their lives. As a learning field, sports participation requires students to have the attitude and behavior of actively participating in sports activities, master the knowledge and methods of scientific fitness, and form the habit of insisting on physical exercise. EQr 12 1 school sports network

12. motor skills: refers to the ability to effectively complete special movements in sports, including the ability to coordinate work between different muscle groups under the adjustment of the nervous system. As a sports skill in the field of study, students are required to learn, master and apply basic sports knowledge and skills, form certain sports specialties, and lay a good foundation for lifelong sports.

13, physical fitness: refers to the ability of the functions of human organs and systems in sports activities. Physical fitness includes physical fitness related to health and physical fitness related to sports skills. The former includes cardiopulmonary endurance, flexibility, muscle strength, muscle endurance, body composition and so on. And the latter includes speed, strength, agility, coordination, balance, reaction, etc. Necessary for engaging in sports. Some of the physical components are not only health-related physical fitness, but also physical fitness needed to improve sports skills.

14. Learning field: refers to the learning category divided according to the nature of learning content in physical education and health courses.

15, domain goal: refers to the learning results that students expect to achieve in a specific learning field. Curriculum goals are achieved by achieving goals in various fields.

16, students' expected learning results in various learning fields.

17, regional sports: refers to sports that are popular in some areas and have local characteristics or form traditions. It includes sports popular in some regions or ethnic groups due to geographical, climatic and cultural reasons.

18, physical education: refers to the process that teachers teach students physical knowledge, skills and techniques, develop their bodies, strengthen their physique and carry out ideological and moral education according to the teaching plan and physical education syllabus under the guidance of teachers and students.

19, physical education curriculum: refers to the form that teachers systematically teach students in a class within the time specified in the school curriculum and according to the contents specified in the syllabus.

20. Physical education teaching elements: also known as "physical education teaching elements", refer to several related parts that constitute physical education teaching activities. Usually divided into teachers, students, physical education teaching content and physical education teaching means (material conditions and organizational methods). EQr 12 1 school sports network

2 1, physical education teaching methods: refers to the methods used in the process of physical education, which are the expression of teaching skills and art. The commonly used teaching methods are: language method (action explanation), intuitive method (action demonstration), practice method (complete method, decomposition method, repeated practice method, transformation practice method, circular practice method), game method, competition method, comprehensive method, and so on.

22. Physical education teaching principle: refers to the principle that physical education teaching must follow and reflects the objective law of physical education teaching. The basic principles are: initiative, intuition, proceeding from reality, step by step, all-round development of physical fitness, rational use of exercise load, consolidation and improvement.

23, physical education teaching style: refers to some characteristics different from the general culture teaching:

(1) Sports activities that need students to do.

⑵ Physical activity and mental activity are closely combined.

⑶ Be able to master some basic methods and simple forms of sports activities to improve physical fitness.

(4) A certain amount of exercise, reaching a certain intensity.

5] Outdoor activity organization.

[6] The teacher-student relationship blends.

24. Physical education teaching organization: refers to various measures taken by physical education teachers to make reasonable arrangements for students, venues and equipment according to the characteristics, tasks and actual situation of physical education teaching.

25. Classroom routine: refers to a series of basic requirements put forward by physical education teachers for both teachers and students in order to ensure the normal progress of physical education teaching, which is the specific provisions of teaching management.

26. Grouping teaching: In physical education teaching, the physical education teacher divides the whole class into several groups according to certain conditions, and exercises and organizes them under the leadership of the teacher.

27. Teaching grouping: refers to the organizational form in which physical education teachers divide students into several groups for the convenience of teaching according to their age, gender, physical development, health status and sports foundation.

28. Grouping without rotation: it refers to a teaching organization form in which students are divided into several groups and studied in turn according to the order of content arrangement under the unified leadership of teachers.

29. Group rotation system: refers to a teaching organization form in which students are divided into several groups, and each group of students practices different contents with the guidance of teachers and the assistance of group leaders, and practice each other in turn according to predetermined time.

30. Physical education teaching content: refers to the basic knowledge of physical education and various physical exercises selected to realize the task of physical education teaching.

3 1, textbook arrangement: refers to a procedural series of teaching contents processed in a certain way. According to the order of textbooks from easy to difficult, from simple to complicated, and according to grade, it is called linear arrangement; The repetition of the same textbook in each grade is called spiral arrangement; Mixed arrangement is called mixed arrangement, which is formed by staggered arrangement of linear mixing and spiral mixing.

32. School year teaching plan: refers to a tabular arrangement in which the basic textbooks, selected textbooks, class hours and assessment items of grades are reasonably allocated to each class according to certain requirements according to the physical education syllabus and the actual situation of the school.

33. Semester teaching plan: also known as teaching plan, it is a table file that reasonably distributes the teaching materials, hours and assessment items of the two semesters specified in the annual teaching plan to each class according to certain requirements, and it is the basis for teachers to prepare teaching plans.

34. Unit teaching plan: also known as single teaching plan, it lists the teaching tasks, requirements, organization and teaching progress of each class in order to ensure that the main teaching materials are taught in a focused, step-by-step and systematic manner.

35. Teaching plan: Also known as teaching plan, it is the specific implementation plan of each class prepared by the teacher according to the semester and unit teaching plan and the actual situation of the class.

36. Teaching purpose: It is a general statement of educational intention expressed in common language.

37. Teaching objectives: refers to what learners should do or acquire specific abilities and clear statements at the end of teaching.

38. Basic skills of sports: refers to the basic method of reasonably completing sports movements.

39. Basic sports skills: refers to people's ability to exercise scientifically through repeated exercises on the basis of mastering basic sports knowledge and skills.

40. The structure of physical education class refers to several parts that make up a class, as well as the arrangement order and time allocation of teaching materials and the organization of each part. According to the law of cognition and the changing law of physiological function and activity ability, it is generally composed of preparation, foundation and ending.

4 1, Queue practice: refers to the coordinated actions of all students in a certain formation under the unified command of the teacher's password, which includes the methods of whole team, turning in place, turning during marching, various walking, running, standing, assembling, disbanding and formation changes in queue practice.

42. Formation exercise: various changes in formation and graphics on the basis of queue exercise.

43. Warm-up activities: refers to a series of physical exercises before strenuous exercise. The purpose is to improve the excitability of the central nervous system, strengthen the functional ability of various systems and organs, overcome physiological inertia and prevent sports injuries.

44. General warm-up activities: refers to the use of general physical exercise.

45. Special warm-up activities: refers to the physical exercises mainly related to the preparation of muscles, joints, ligaments, organs and systems in order to complete the basic part of the main teaching materials.

46. Induction exercise: refers to the transitional exercise taken in order to correctly master the movement technique. The characteristic is that it is basically the same as the learned movements in the structure of movements, the sequence of muscle exertion, the internal and external stimuli borne by the body, etc., but it is simpler.

47. Auxiliary exercise: refers to the physical exercise used to develop the physical quality required for an action or to achieve active rest.

48. Steady state: refers to a functional state when the human body is active. After the human body enters the work, the inertia of various physiological functions is gradually overcome, and the activity function and work efficiency of various systems and organs are improved and ultra-stable, which is called stable state.

49. Finishing exercise: refers to the exercise to relax after physical activity.

50. Recovery process: refers to that after physical activity, the human body's functional activities are still at a high level, and it takes some time to recover to the state before the activity. The functional change in this period is called the recovery process.

5 1. excessive recovery: refers to the recovery stage after physical activity. The energy substances consumed during exercise can not only recover to the original level in the human body, but also exceed the original level in a certain period of time. This recovery beyond the original level is called excessive recovery.

52. Active rest: also known as active rest, that is, in sports activities, by changing exercise movements or inserting some relaxation movements as a means of active rest, in order to seek to eliminate fatigue more effectively and restore physical strength as soon as possible.

53. Sports: refers to the basic contents and methods of engaging in sports activities. Including various exercise methods and activities aimed at promoting the normal development of the body and fully developing the physical exercise ability.

54. Constitution: the quality of the human body. On the basis of inheritance and acquisition, the human body has the characteristics of relatively stable function and shape.

At present, the physical fitness of young students at home and abroad generally includes: body shape (height, weight, chest circumference); Physical function (vital capacity, blood pressure, pulse); Physical quality (agility, speed, endurance, strength, flexibility).

55. Constitution: the morphological structure of human appearance. Including the level of human growth and development, the overall index and proportion of the body, and the posture of the body.

56. Physical quality: refers to the various functional abilities displayed by the human body in sports activities. Including strength, speed, endurance, agility, bounce, flexibility and so on.

57. Strength quality: refers to the ability of the body or a muscle of the body to overcome resistance at work. It is the foundation of all actions.

58. Endurance quality: refers to the human body's ability to overcome fatigue in long-term activities. It is a sign of human health and physical weakness. Have general endurance quality and special endurance quality.

59, speed quality: refers to the human body's ability to carry out rapid movement. Including reaction speed, action speed, starting speed, acceleration, maximum speed, high-speed endurance and so on.

60. Sensitive quality: refers to the ability to complete actions quickly, harmoniously, accurately and flexibly under various complex conditions. It depends on the mastery of motor skills, skills and proficiency, as well as the flexibility of cerebral cortex response.

6 1, flexibility: refers to the range of motion of human joints, the elasticity and extensibility of muscles and ligaments.

62. Sports means: refers to various sports and exercise methods.

63. Physical exercise: refers to the specific movements of various sports means. In particular, it is a conditioned reflex activity to achieve moving goals and tasks. It consists of body posture, movement track, time, speed, speed, strength, rhythm and other basic elements.

64. Body posture: refers to the state of the body and various parts of the body at various stages of practice. A complete practice technique process includes three parts: starting posture, practicing posture and ending posture.

65. Starting posture: refers to the body posture used to create favorable conditions for doing the main part of the later exercises. There are two types: static and dynamic.

66. Exercise posture: refers to the active state of the body when completing the main part of exercise.

67. End posture: refers to the state of the body and various parts at the end of the exercise.

68. Practice track: refers to the movement route of the body and some parts of the body in sports activities. It is divided into three aspects: trajectory form, trajectory direction and trajectory amplitude.

69. Practice time: Also known as the "duration" of practice, it refers to all the time needed to complete an exercise. The length of time is directly related to the effect of practice and the physical load, which can be divided into total practice time and each part of practice time. EQr 12 1 school sports network

70. Class density: refers to the proportion of teachers' reasonable use of a class to the total time of this class. Can be divided into general density and special density.

7 1, special density: also known as exercise density, refers to the density at which students do exercises. The calculation method is: the proportion of the time spent in an exercise to the actual total class hours of a class.

72. Exercise load: refers to the physiological load that students bear when doing exercises in physical education class. It consists of speed, quantity, density, time and project characteristics.

73. Psychological load: In the process of physical education teaching, the content, form, method, organization and practice of the class have different degrees of influence on students' psychological mechanism, resulting in different degrees of psychological pressure. This kind of psychological pressure is physical education class's psychological load.

74. Personality: refers to the moral quality and behavior habits formed in the process of socialization. It is the external behavior expression of individual comprehensive quality, including three elements: wisdom, morality and will.

75. rebellious psychology: it is a relatively stable behavioral tendency, stimulated by the external environment, and produces emotional experiences that are opposite or opposite to ordinary people.

76. Oxygen debt: During strenuous exercise, the body's oxygen demand exceeds the maximum oxygen intake, and the energy supply depends on the oxygen deficit caused by anaerobic catabolism. Hypoxia mainly comes from two aspects: first, at the beginning of exercise, due to the inertia of oxygen transportation system, the oxygen intake can not meet the requirements of oxygen demand; Second, in the process of strenuous exercise, the oxygen intake can never meet the requirements of oxygen demand. These two parts of hypoxia need to be replenished during the recovery period. The ability of human body to bear oxygen debt is closely related to anaerobic endurance, so oxygen debt is an important index to evaluate a person's anaerobic endurance. When the average person is engaged in strenuous exercise, the negative oxygen debt is about 10 liter, and the trained athlete can reach 15-20 liter.

77. Imagery training: It refers to consciously and actively using the sports images that have been formed in your mind to review, repeat, correct, develop and create your own actions, just like "showing a movie in your mind", also known as mindfulness training, imagination training, psychological exercise, etc. Imagery training was first put forward by American psychologist Professor Su En.

78. Attribution and the factors that affect the way of attribution: It is a process in which people analyze the behaviors of others or themselves and infer the internal causes of these behaviors. Fritz Heider, an American psychologist, was the first to study attribution. He believes that human beings have two needs, namely, a consistent understanding of the world around them and control of the environment. The means of satisfaction is to know the reason of people's actions and predict how people will act, which is the internal reason of people's attribution. Attribution can be divided into internal attribution and external attribution, stable attribution and unstable attribution. Internal attribution is the internal cause of the actor, such as personality, emotion, effort and so on. External attribution is the environmental factors that produce behavior, such as work facilities, task difficulty, opportunities, etc. Generally speaking, the attribution of internal stability is easier to predict behavior recurrence, while the attribution of external instability makes it more difficult to predict behavior. The factors influencing attribution style are: 1) itself 2) the characteristics of sports events 3) social and cultural background 4) gender 5) cohesion 6) the uncertainty of sports results.

79. Goal orientation refers to the tendency to achieve goals based on whether a person can actively participate in activities. It is not the specific behavior quantity standard to be achieved, but the achievement orientation pursued by the heart. For example, some students go to physical education class to master movements and improve their abilities, with the aim of developing their personal abilities; Some students think whether he can show superior ability, that he will be active when he has the opportunity to show off, and that he may escape or even be opportunistic when he shows "low energy". The former's goal orientation is called task participation, while the latter's orientation is called self-participation. Teachers should guide students to do the former rather than the latter, and don't overemphasize the ranking of grades.

80. Sports psychological effect: the positive or negative psychological effect produced by sports training and competition. It has something to do with sports performance. Good grades in sports generally bring positive psychological effects, and vice versa. It is also related to the subjective evaluation attitude of athletes and spectators. For example, winning the game may also cause negative psychological effects of pride. To correctly evaluate the value of a sports competition or training, we should consider both its objective achievements and its psychological effects. Although the latter is invisible, it has promoted or hindered the future sports and psychological development.

8 1. hanging: refers to the action that the shoulder axis of the human body is lower than the axis of the instrument when holding the instrument, and exerts a pulling force on the holding point.

82. Support: refers to the action that when holding an instrument, the shoulder axis of the human body is higher than the axis of the instrument and exerts pressure on the holding point.

83. Cotole Index is an index to evaluate the fullness and symmetry of human body, based on the proportional relationship between weight and height (weight/height×1000).

84. Balance: The human body keeps still or moves in a straight line at a constant speed relative to the earth.

85. Bar: refers to the exercise with a certain intensity and a certain duration after the exercise begins.

For a period of time, athletes often feel dyspnea, chest tightness, dizziness, sudden increase in heart rate, muscle weakness, slow and uncoordinated movements, and even want to stop exercising. This state is called "pole".

86. Formation: refers to the team form arranged according to the textbook when students move together.

87. Column: refers to students standing side by side in a line.

88. Road: refers to students overlapping in a row.

89. Wings: refers to the left and right ends of the formation. The right end is called the right wing and the left end is called the left wing.

90. Front: refers to the side of the queue facing the students.

9 1, back: refers to the side opposite to the front.

92. Interval: refers to the gap between individual students or teams.

93. Distance: refers to the gap between students (including the team).

94. Formation width: refers to the horizontal width between the wings.

95. Stratum depth: refers to the distance from the first (or first) student to the last (or first) student.

96. Column: refers to the formation formed by students overlapping back and forth. In the column, the depth of the stratum is greater than or equal to the width of the stratum.

97. Horizontal team: refers to the formation formed by students side by side. In the horizontal line, the width of the stratum is greater than or equal to the depth of the stratum.

98. Wu: It means that two or more students overlap in two or more rows.

99. Queue: refers to the students (one or several) at the head of the column or to the right of the horizontal line.

100, end of line: refers to the students (one or several) at the end of the column or on the left side of the horizontal line.

10 1: Benchmark student: refers to the students who are targeted by the teacher when doing collective actions.

102, Pre-command and Action Command: The password is divided into Pre-command and Action Command, and the first part of the password is called Pre-command, which makes the listener pay attention and prepare for action. The second half of the password enables the listener to take immediate action. There is generally a certain time interval between advance orders and action orders.

103: Action essentials: Action essentials refer to the technical basis of physical exercises. It includes the main links of physical exercise and its action sequence.

104: emphasis: physical education class's religious plan has two meanings of emphasis. One is the focus of the textbook. Refers to the main part of physical exercise, that is, an important connection part of the technical key or technical link of physical exercise. The focus of the textbook is objective and does not change with different learning objects. The second is the focus of physical education class. Refers to the main task or teaching material of a class. Generally speaking, it is impossible for physical education class to complete all the teaching tasks in a short time. It is only one of the organic components of the semester or unit teaching plan. Therefore, physical education class should focus on this section. In physical education teaching in primary and secondary schools, physical education class's emphasis generally refers to new, difficult and dangerous textbooks and their goals.

105: difficulty: the difficulty of a textbook refers to the part of the textbook that students are technically difficult to master. The difficulty of teaching materials is subjective, which is not only related to the teaching materials, but also related to the learning ability and physical quality of the teaching objects.

106: exercise: general exercise refers to the activities carried out in order to fully develop students' bodies or fully mobilize students' bodies to enter a good working state. General exercises are mostly used for general preparation activities and teaching activities before class.

107: Special exercises: Special exercises refer to the physical exercises selected for learning a basic textbook. It includes inductive exercises and auxiliary exercises. Special exercises are mostly used for special preparation activities. Induction exercise refers to an exercise with similar technical structure and simple technology, which helps students master difficult movements. This kind of exercise mostly reduces the difficulty of physical exercise by adjusting the elements of physical exercise, which is beneficial for students to learn sports techniques quickly and smoothly. Auxiliary exercises refer to related physical exercises to help students master movements. Students do this kind of exercise, mostly because of the lack of professional physical quality reserves, which affects the smooth learning of a certain technology. Auxiliary exercises should be carried out some time before learning a certain technology, not necessarily before learning a certain technology, because it takes some time for people to reserve their physical quality in a certain aspect.

108: Social sports groups: non-governmental sports groups voluntarily organized for the purpose of developing sports, fitness and entertainment according to the needs of social development, the laws of sports itself and the needs of different people and hobbies. It is an important force and irreplaceable assistant for the country to develop sports, and a bridge and link to unite and contact the vast number of sports enthusiasts.

109, sports population: refers to the social groups that are closely related to sports and have statistical significance in a certain period and in a certain region and often engage in physical exercise, fitness and entertainment, receive physical education, and participate in physical training and competitions. It is a specific type of sub-population characterized by sports, which has three elements: population size, population structure and population spatial distribution.