Generally, spring wheat is sown in China from March to April, and winter wheat165438+1October. However, different regions have their suitable sowing dates. Winter wheat: Sow in September and June, 65438+1October, that is, it is most suitable to sow autumn wheat from June, 65438+1October to June and 23+1October. September and 10 are the peak seasons for wheat sowing, but there are differences in specific sowing time among wheat producing areas.
Harvest spring wheat in April and May of the following year (mainly in the south of the Great Wall): sow after the Spring Festival, and harvest winter wheat in August and September (mainly in the north of the Great Wall): winter wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, with planting area accounting for 12.3% and total output accounting for 45%. The winter wheat area in North China is the main winter wheat producing area in China, with 47% sown area and 53% total output. Spring wheat: In the northeast spring wheat area, the temperature in Heilongjiang and Jilin is low, so spring wheat is suitable. Northwest winter and spring wheat areas, irrigation areas and loess plateau areas.
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Timely sowing is the key to high yield of wheat;
Proper sowing is an important technical measure to make full use of local light, heat, soil and water resources, create a suitable group starting point, cultivate strong seedlings before winter, ensure the safe overwintering of seedlings, build a reasonable group structure, prevent freezing injury in winter and spring and lodging and premature aging in the later period, and lay the foundation for stable and high yield.
The suitable sowing date of wheat is most closely related to temperature and variety characteristics. The wheat varieties currently popularized in Henan Province are all semi-winter or weak spring varieties. The suitable accumulated temperature of these two varieties is 500 ~ 600℃, which is beneficial for the main stem to produce 5~6 leaves, 3~5 tillers per plant and 5~8 secondary roots before overwintering. If the accumulated temperature before winter is less than 400℃, it will lead to insufficient tillers, small population, poor secondary rooting and weak seedlings. When the temperature is higher than 750℃, it is easy to grow before winter and freeze in winter and spring, which lays a hidden danger for late lodging and premature aging.
When determining the suitable time of wheat sowing, all localities should also consider the fertility level of local wheat fields, soil moisture, topography and labor force, as well as the situation of land preparation and seeder to make appropriate adjustments. What needs special reminder is that due to the high temperature and long duration of high temperature in autumn this year, the autumn crops ripened and harvested early, and precipitation occurred many times in the whole province in late September. At present, soil moisture in most areas is suitable, so farmers and friends must be careful not to rush to sow, so as not to flourish before winter, laying hidden dangers for freezing injury, lodging and premature aging in winter and spring.
It is necessary to seize the favorable opportunity of early autumn harvest and fine weather in the near future, improve the quality of soil preparation, scientifically formulate fertilizers, strictly control the sowing amount, master the suitable sowing depth, vigorously promote the suppression before or after sowing, pay attention to the use of coated seeds or chemical seed dressing, water the wheat fields with insufficient moisture in advance, ensure sufficient moisture in sowing, and strive to improve the sowing quality, so as to lay the foundation for normal growth and stable and high yield of wheat.
References:
People's Daily Online: Experts reminded during the wheat planting season that timely sowing and high yield of wheat are the key.