Wanli four years (1576) won the first place in the provincial examination. In the eighth year of Wanli, he was a scholar and served as the head of the household department.
Zhang was ill, and courtiers gathered to pray for him, but Gu Xiancheng refused. Colleagues signed for him, and he took the pen and left.
In the fifteenth year of Wanli (1587), the imperial court officials in Beijing were assessed, and Yu Shixin was responsible for the assessment. Minister He of the Ministry of Industry was listed among the gleaners, and Xin Zixiu was convicted for disagreeing with the ruling minister.
In fact, Chen and Jiao uphold this will and advocate that He and Xin Qiji should be punished together. In fact, they are attacking Xin Qiji and sheltering He. So both of them were dismissed from office and blamed on the four censors who reported He.
Gu Xiancheng felt aggrieved for them. Some words offended those in power, so they were reprimanded by the imperial edict and demoted as judges of Guiyang Prefecture. In the twenty-first year of Wanli (1593), he was assessed as a Beijing official.
Zhao Nanxing, a senior high school entrance examination doctor, dismissed all those who had personal relations with the ruling party actually presided over by Gu Xiancheng. When Zhao Nanxing was dismissed, Gu Xiancheng requested to be dismissed at the same time, but was not allowed.
Soon, he was promoted to Dr. Wenxuan, and the person he recommended clashed with the ruling party. After the lack of ministers in the official department, Wang Xijue wanted to use Luo, but Gu Xiancheng thought it was unlikely, so he used Chen Younian.
Later, courtiers recommended cabinet ministers, but Luo He didn't agree. Wang Xijue and others were very angry, and Luo was elected, just as the emperor vetoed this matter.
By this time, Wang Xijue will resign from government affairs, and court ministers will elect his successor. Gu Xiancheng chose Wang Jiaping, a former university student, who was sent back to China after being cut from his post, against the will of the emperor.
After Gu Xiancheng was removed from the list, his reputation became even higher. There are hundreds of books recommended by him inside and outside the imperial court, and the emperor refuses to accept them. In the thirty-sixth year of Wanli (1608), as the Shao Qing of Nanjing Guanglu, Gu Xiancheng tried his best to make the politely declined.
Wanli died in his hometown forty years ago. Gu Xiancheng was gifted and intelligent, and he was interested in sacred learning since he was a child.
After being laid off at home, he concentrated more on in-depth research and refuted Wang Shouren's theory that "there is no good disgusting body". Wuxi Donglin Academy was a place where Shi Yang gave lectures in Song Dynasty. Gu Xiancheng and his brother Gu Yuncheng advocated restoring it, and Changzhou magistrate Ouyang Dongfeng and Wuxi magistrate Lin Zai built it.
After the completion, Gu Xiancheng led like-minded Gao Panlong, Qian Yiben, Xue Fujiao, Shi Menglin and Yu Kong to give lectures, and the students called him Mr. Jingyang. At that time, most ambitious, ill-timed and unable to display their talents lived in seclusion under the forests of Shan Ye. When they heard the news that Gu Xiancheng was running an academy, they responded in succession and joined in succession, so that the academy could not accommodate them.
Besides giving lectures, he often talks about state affairs and comments on people. North Korean officials admired his demeanor and echoed him at a distance.
As a result, Lindong party member became famous and many people hated them. When Li Sancai, the secretariat of Huainan, was impeached, Gu Xiancheng wrote to Shangye and Sun Piyang to restore his reputation.
Wu Liang, the suggestion, was engraved in the mansion and attacked the Li Sancai People's Congress. At that time, Yu Yuli, Huang and others were attached to it and had a reputation for being frivolous and lewd.
Xu Zhaokui's followers used this as an excuse to attack Lindong Party. In the play, Xu Zhaokui attacked Gu Xiancheng and slandered him. It is said that there is a small river in Hushu, and Lindong Party occupies its tax revenue as the cost of the academy.
When the Commissioner arrives, Lin Dong will invite him with the documents. If the Commissioner is not invited, he will certainly get a good salary. When he lectures, the servants will come like clouds, and the county magistrate will supply them with food from the school hall. Without 200 gold, it is impossible to talk about current affairs at the party. If a county or city accidentally does something different from theirs, it will be corrected. And accepting bribes from Huang, these words have no basis at all. Wu Jiong, Guang Lucheng and Gu Xiancheng made their last defense one by one. He said: "Gu Xiancheng sent a letter to save Li Sancai, which was indecent. I once blamed him, and Gu Xiancheng regretted it.
Now that Gu Xiancheng has been falsely accused, the whole world takes this as a punishment for giving lectures, and keeps silence on Confucius and Mencius, and national integrity has dried up since then. This is no small matter! "After the hydrophobic, the emperor did not answer. Later, those who attacked Gu Xiancheng did not stop. After his death, others attacked him.
Original: Gu Xiancheng, a native of Wuxi. Wanli four years, after having obtained the first place.
In eight years, he was a scholar and took charge of the household department. Zhang's illness, a college student, is prayed by scholars, so it is necessary to make a constitution.
On behalf of the same official, Xian Chengqin cut it off. In fifteen years, he made great plans for the officials of the Beijing Dynasty, and all the officials taught themselves to plan things.
Shang Shu of the Ministry of Industry taught himself in the collection of books and lost his ruling intention. Chen and the suburbs in the matter follow the wind and talk about singing and self-study. In fact, they attack and teach themselves to protect themselves from singing.
So the two of them stopped. They blamed the suggestion and corrected the four singers. The constitution became unfair, and the official language invaded the state affairs, and he was ordered to cut the blame and be the judge of Guiyang government.
Twenty-one-year inspection tour of Beijing. In the examination, Dr. Zhao Nanxing was in private power, and the Constitution became a reality.
While Nanxing was dismissed, Xiancheng played a hydrophobic role, so please let it go without making a report. The recommendation rate and motivation conflict with the ruling of selecting doctors.
First of all, the official department is short of ministers. Xijue wants to use Luo, but Xi' an can't, so Chen Younian will be used. After the court pushed the cabinet minister, it was different.
Xi Jue, etc. Everyone is worried, but Wan Hua is forced, and the emperor will stop. And yes, Xijue will thank the government, and the court will substitute.
Xian Chengju university student Wang Jiaping, then according to the emperor's will, cut the book and return. Virtue becomes waste, and reputation is high. Chinese and foreign books are recommended, but the emperor does not report them.
In the thirty-sixth year of Guanglu, Shao Qing began to resign. Forty years, died at home.
Constitutionalism is unique, and I was interested in sacred learning when I was young. This paper also focuses on the theory of "having a house for everyone who lives in it is beneficial to the essence of Qin dynasty and strives to develop it".
So there is Donglin Academy in the city, and there are also biographies in Song and Yang Shi. Xiancheng and his younger brother agreed to promote it, which was organized by Changzhou magistrate Ouyang Dongfeng and Wuxi magistrate Lin Zai. After the completion, Gao Panlong, Qian Yiben, Xue Fujiao, Shi Menglin, Yu Kong and other comrades gave lectures, among which scholars called Mr. Jingyang.
By now, the scholar-officials who were in a hurry retreated to the forest, and the news came, which made the school unbearable. Besides giving lectures, he often satirizes current politics and judges people.
Those who admire the courtiers' demeanor stay away from each other. Because Lin Dong is famous, there are many taboos.
Then Huai Sancai was criticized, and Xian Cheng became famous for Yuzryha and Sun Piyang. Wu Liang's carving house was copied, and the people who attacked Sancai made a big fuss.
At that time, Yu Qili and Huang were congenial and quite frivolous. Xu Zhaokui's followers used Lin Dong as an excuse.
Zhao Kuiteng attacked Xian Cheng and slandered him wantonly. It is said that there is a small river in the lake, and Lin Dong specializes in college fees; Speaking of customs, Lin Dong needs to use books to recruit, that is, if he doesn't go, he will do it.
2. The biography of Gu Xiancheng in Ming Dynasty was translated. Thank you. You don't know where to park. I will give you all the original texts and translations.
Give you a translation that marks your sentences; Gu Xiancheng is from Wuxi, Jiangsu. Wanli four years (1576) won the first place in the provincial examination.
In eight years, he was a scholar and served as the head of the household department. Zhang was ill, and courtiers gathered to pray for him, but Gu Xiancheng refused.
Colleagues signed for him, and he took the pen and left. After Zhang's death, he became a senior official.
Leave home for three years, make-up inspection. In the fifteenth year of Wanli (1587), the imperial court officials in Beijing were assessed, and Yu Shixin was responsible for the assessment.
When Minister He corrected his mistake, Xin Zixiu was convicted for disagreeing with the ruling minister. Insisting on Chen and Jiao's will to impeach He and Xin for self-improvement in the incident is actually a blow to Xin's self-improvement and a shelter for He.
So both of them were dismissed from office and blamed on the four censors who reported He. Gu Xiancheng felt aggrieved for them. Some words offended those in power, so they were reprimanded by the imperial edict and demoted as judges of Guiyang Prefecture.
Slowly rose to the prefect promotion officer. After her mother died, she resigned and was promoted to Quanzhou after the funeral.
Justice and honesty are pushed to the top. He was promoted to the position of official minister and served as foreign minister.
There happened to be an imperial edict that made three princes prisoners together. Gu Xiancheng and his colleagues said together, "The emperor wanted to temporarily capture the three princes together for the eldest son, not the eldest son.
I'll think it over. The word "stay" is very important. The prince is the foundation of the world.
The reservation of the prince is to consolidate the foundation. So if you have a eldest son, you should have a eldest son, and if you don't, you should have a eldest son. As far as the present situation is concerned, it would be wrong to wait until the future.
I want to establish Chu Jun's law. East Palace doesn't have to wait for the eldest son, and the eldest son doesn't seal the king together. The court minister has made it very clear that the emperor doesn't care about anything. Can the emperor's original idea be added to the sage? He who wins the world is called the son of heaven, and the eldest son of the son of heaven is called the prince. The son of heaven is connected with the sky, the king and the sky are integrated, the prince and the father are integrated, and the father and son are integrated.
It is natural for a prince to inherit the throne, and he cannot be knighted. Now I want to enfeoffment three kings at the same time. What does the seal of the eldest son have to do with it? It doesn't matter, it's hard to name it, and it's hard to be practical if it matters.
"The emperor said it was a stopgap measure. Temporary measures should only be implemented as a last resort.
It is logical that the eldest son is a prince and the sons are prisoners. What's the need? The emperor takes the ancestral teachings as the law, and the descendants take the emperor as the law. It is not difficult for the emperor to create what the ancestral training institute does not have. What is difficult for future generations to inherit? Since then, fortunately, it is ok to have the eldest son. If not, there is no East Palace.
If everyone is as wise as the emperor, it is lucky. If not, all princes are princes. Isn't this tantamount to opening an eternal disaster? The queen and the * * * emperor inherited the ancestral hall, hoping that there would be suitable people in the ancestral hall.
The eldest son of the emperor is the eldest son of the queen. Gong Fei and Huang Guifei are both respectable.
Is it necessary to worship the queen as the mother before calling her son, as requested by assistant minister Wang Xijue? "Besides, according to the imperial edict, as long as two or three years, but will soon be changed to twenty years and twenty-one years, but still can wait. I don't know when to say' stay in the office' today.
The order just changed suddenly, the opinions changed repeatedly, and the deadline was even slower. Since there was an order to seal the king, there have been countless inquiries about the emperor's enfeoffment, and even the little people in the alley got together to discuss it secretly. What caused this? People have their own laws, but the emperor still blames the assistant minister for it.
Wang Xijue, anxious to wait for the summons sooner or later, advised everyone to obey the emperor's will. Is this the so-called responsibility? We should sincerely understand and accept the emperor to a place where there is no fault. This is the real responsibility. Otherwise, the emperor can't do anything about the world, let alone Wang Xijue? "The emperor undeterred, not a dog.
People who don't understand are suspicious at once and suspicious at the sound. Even we can't understand the emperor. The great cause of the emperor's virtue can be compared with the three emperors and five emperors.
Isn't it a pity to have such an unexpected discussion? Begging the emperor to order the eldest son of the emperor to become a prince as soon as possible, and the third son and the fifth son each took the throne. Father and son, monarch and minister, brother and sister.
The longevity of the ancestral temple and the peace of the country are all here. "Gu Xiancheng sent books to Wang Xijue again, arguing repeatedly, and then the discussion of packet together stopped.
Twenty-one years of Wanli (1593), official visit to Beijing. Sun, a senior official of the official department, and Dr. Kao Gong, all broke off relations with people who actually had personal relations with the ruling party in Gu Xiancheng.
When Zhao Nanxing was removed from office, Gu Xiancheng asked to be removed from office at the same time, but he didn't get a reward. Soon, he was promoted to the literary anthology Doctor.
The person he recommended is in conflict with the authority. After the lack of ministers in the official department, Wang Xijue wanted to use Luo, but Gu Xiancheng thought it was unlikely, so he used Chen Younian.
Later, courtiers elected cabinet ministers, but there was no Luo. Wang Xizhi and others were very angry. Just after the emperor agreed to dismiss from office, Luo was elected.
By this time, Wang Xijue will resign from government affairs, and court ministers will elect his successor. Gu Xiancheng chose Wang Jiaping, a former university student, who was sent back to China after being cut from his post, against the will of the emperor.
It's in the biography of Chen Younian. Gu Xiancheng's popularity has increased since he was removed from the list. Hundreds of books were recommended to him inside and outside the imperial court, but the emperor refused.
In the thirty-sixth year of Wanli (1608), as the Shao Qing of Nanjing Guanglu, Gu Xiancheng tried his best to make the politely declined. Wanli died in his hometown forty years ago.
At the beginning of the apocalypse, I gave it to Taichangqing. Wei Zhongxian was in charge of state affairs, and his henchmen Shi Sanwei impeached him again, thus depriving him of his title.
In the early years of Chongzhen, posthumous title, right assistant minister of the official department, presented it. Gu Xiancheng was brilliant, and he was interested in sacred learning since he was a child.
Now I have been cut at home. I want to study it more deeply, and I strongly demand to reject Wang Shouren's theory that "there is no good disgusting body". Wuxi Old Lindong Academy was a place where Shi Yang gave lectures in the Song Dynasty. Gu Xiancheng and his brother Gu Yuncheng advocated restoring it, and Changzhou magistrate Ouyang Dongfeng and Wuxi magistrate Lin Zai built it.
After the completion, Gu Xiancheng led like-minded Gao Panlong, Qian Yiben, Xue Fujiao, Shi Menglin and Yu Kong to give lectures, and scholars called him Mr. Jingyang. At that time, the ambition of the literati was unacceptable to the world.
3. Seek the way of a master of classical Chinese translation, know the reason, then you can transfer troops, know the situation, then you can add troops to the way of a master, know the reason, then you can transfer troops, know the situation, then you can add troops, and then you can use troops. Be unyielding in knowledge, not depressed in knowledge, and never poor in knowledge. Don't move when you see small profits, and don't avoid small disasters. Small profits and small disasters are not enough to humiliate my skills, and then my husband can support big disasters in Italy. A husband who loves himself only by practicing skills is invincible in the world. Therefore, patience can support a hundred braveness, and silence can control a hundred actions.
Only when you know that the war is just can you send troops; Only by knowing the balance of forces between the enemy and ourselves can we wage war; Only when you know that you have restraint can you mobilize your troops. If you know the justice of war, you won't yield, if you know the balance of forces between the enemy and ourselves, you won't be at a loss, and if you know the golden mean, you won't be in a desperate situation. Don't act immediately when you see small profits, and you don't have to run when you see small troubles. Small profits and small harm are not worth affecting our military deployment. Only in this way can we cope with big losses. Only those who are good at improving command skills and preserving their own strength can stand in the world. Therefore, forbearance can resist all kinds of courage, and quietness can control all kinds of actions.
4. The hospitality of Shanxi village people Although the taste of farmhouse wine is thin, the hospitality is deep. The word "Zu" expresses all the enthusiasm of farmers' customers, and the word "Xiao Mo" expresses the poet's appreciation of the simple folk customs in rural areas.
Youshan west village
Author: Lu You (Song Dynasty)
Don't laugh at the farmhouse music brewed in the muddled month. In the harvest month, the dishes for guests are very rich. There is no way to go because of the winding water flow in the mountains, and a mountain village suddenly appears in the willow-green flower bay.
The day of playing flute and drums is approaching, and the villagers are still dressed simply. In the future, if you can go out in the moonlight, I will knock on your door at any time with my cane.
translate
Don't laugh at the muddy wine brewed in the twelfth lunar month. In Fengshou Island, hospitality dishes are very rich.
The mountains overlap and the water twists and turns. I'm afraid there is no way out. Suddenly, a mountain village appeared in front of me.
The day of playing flute and drum in the Spring Festival Club is coming. The villagers are dressed simply and still retain the ancient customs.
In the future, if I can go out for a walk in the bright moonlight, I will definitely knock on your door at any time with a cane.
5. Hospitality is divided into basic links such as welcoming guests, offering cigarettes, offering tea and seeing off.
(A) Welcome etiquette
If you know in advance that there are guests visiting, you should clean the door in advance to meet the guests and prepare tea sets, smoking utensils and drinks. Or prepare fruits, sugar, coffee, etc. according to your family conditions. When the guests arrive at the appointed time, they should go out to meet them in advance.
Guests should be warmly received when they go home. If you wear underwear and * * * at home, you should change into plain clothes, even if you are familiar with the guests. After the guests enter the room, please sit down first, and then offer tea, cigarettes and sugar. When serving tea and sugar tray, use both hands to peel sugar paper, peel and light cigarettes for guests.
(2) Smoking etiquette
Smoking is a custom for modern families in China to entertain guests, and it is a etiquette that can't be ignored when entertaining guests. In addition, female guests are generally not given cigarettes.
(3) the etiquette of tea worship
Wash the tea set in advance. When pouring tea, you should master the amount of tea. As the saying goes, hospitality should be "light tea and full wine". The so-called weak tea is to pour two-thirds of the tea leaves into a cup.
Serving tea is also a kind of etiquette that should be paid attention to. According to the traditional custom of our country, both sides should serve tea to the guests. For a cup with a cup ear, one hand holds the cup ear and the other hand holds the bottom of the cup, gives the tea to the guest, and then says "please drink tea" or "please drink tea". Don't pinch the edge of the cup with your fingers and give it to the guests. Serving tea is neither hygienic nor polite.
An excellent person must be popular, sociable, willing to get in touch with people, help people solve problems and difficulties, establish friendship with visitors through respectful communication, and make them feel at home. This is the way of hospitality. Hospitality etiquette is as follows:
When receiving guests, pay attention to the names of visiting guests, greet everyone, don't just greet one person, don't show off propaganda, be modest and polite.
You must greet the new visitors first. Please have tea in the living room and find out the purpose of the visitors.
Add tea in moderation, respect guests' wishes, accept people's refusal, and let the host and guests have a good time.
Dress neatly and dignified.
Gentle tone, humorous talk.
Smile kindly.
Behave peacefully.
Be kind, easy-going, friendly and say hello, and don't make visitors feel constrained and uneasy.
Be kind, enthusiastic, active and patient when receiving and greeting guests.
Remember the name, characteristics and hobbies of the visitor and serve him sincerely.
Praise and encourage tourists to feel at home.
You can talk about Buddhism with your guests, let them know about Buddhism, let them feel the happiness of Buddhism and get the benefits of Buddhism.
The content of the conversation should be what visitors care about and are familiar with.
In words, don't praise or criticize him, and don't say that people are right and wrong.
Provide assistance according to the needs of visitors, such as accommodation, transportation, visits, etc.
If there are two groups of guests visiting, we should treat them equally and not neglect one side; If you don't know each other, you should introduce them to each other in due course.
Stay for dinner, take vegetables and add vegetables in moderation, and respect the wishes of the guests.
Get to know the guests and communicate with them.
When tourists leave, they can attach themselves to their guests with Buddhist books, rosaries and other legal items.
Hospitality can be divided into three categories:
Guests belonging to relatives and friends: respect him, treat him with courtesy and make him feel at home.
Related guests, such as industry and commerce, journalists, police, etc. , should be sincerely received and solve the problem as soon as possible.
Temporary guests: occasional visits can vary from person to person, from time to time and from thing to thing, but they always give people joy and satisfaction.
In short, although there are differences in appearance, the sincerity of hospitality remains unchanged.
(4) Farewell to Fujian etiquette
When guests leave, they should generally be polite. If the guest wants to leave, wait until the guest gets up and then get up to say goodbye. The host shouldn't stand up immediately when the guest says he wants to leave. Fujian is usually sent to the gate or alley. Some guests often bring gifts, so we should respond when we bid farewell, such as expressing our thanks, or asking guests not to bring gifts when they visit in the future, or thanking some gifts accordingly, so we must not be indifferent.
6. Hospitality [Hospitality] After nine days in the gym, a fat boss came over, blinked cunningly, looked at them carefully, stared at them from head to toe, and suddenly his smile solidified-the leather shoes for nine days were broken, and the way to entertain guests was to write.
He straightened up, cleared his throat and asked proudly, there are three levels of fitness, which one do you want? Ge thought about it, but he didn't say it. The boss looked at it and said it again. Ge said frankly: then I'll try low-end consumption first! Hum, poor man.
The boss whispered that his face was getting darker and uglier, and his lower lip hung down to his chin. Show contempt and say stiffly, come with me! JIU· Ge waved and wiped the sweat from his face, revealing the gold watch on his hand. Startled, the boss immediately bent down and said with a slight compliment, please come with me.
JIU Ge nodded, took two steps forward, stopped again and said to the boss, can I give money tomorrow? Oh, you know that our store never accepts credit-the boss's face is even uglier than last time, and his smiling face just collapsed again. Oh, no, no, sir, it's not that I don't have enough money, but that I'm afraid-what, are you still worried that the money in this shop is not enough to make up for it? Then you are all wet. The boss immediately interrupted JIU· Ge and looked at him suspiciously.
Well, in that case, all right. JIU· Ge shrugged his shoulders, took out a bill from his wallet and handed it to his boss.
The boss looked at the bill contemptuously. Suddenly, his eyes lit up, just like a hungry mouse saw delicious cheese. He was so excited that he immediately ordered the waiter to go, and then said in a trembling voice, I'm really sorry, dear sir, this way, please. It seems that I am really unappreciative. Oh, I really deserve it! The boss shook his head and said that when he opened the door, the boss made a deep salute to Tian Wen and said, Please allow me to go in and have a look? This tone is like a child who wants to travel pleading with his parents. The boss nodded and went in. After a while, he shook his head and came out. He said to him, I'm sorry, sir, but the room is terrible. Please follow me to the superior room. Please, oh, please, the composition of the first grade of junior high school "How to treat guests with words". When the sky was not in the room, the fat boss jumped on him first, wiped the poor seat with greasy hands and said in a new language, please sit down, no, please sit down.
Tian Wen sat down, and soon, Tian Wen was sweating. The fat boss immediately shouted to the waiter: Quick, quick, give Mr. Wang the best fragrant tea. JIU Ge took the tea and took a sip gently. The fat boss stood in front of him respectfully and said in a respectful tone, Sir, you are absolutely right. Damn me. This small shop can't afford it ... JIU ge stood up, adjusted his clothes and said to the fat boss, then keep the change.
What? I can't believe my ears. I didn't hear wrong. Maybe this is my illusion? What's your name, sir? Can I help you? Don't hesitate to come to Mr. Wang. I can give Mr. Wang three months for free, not three months, or too little. Just five months! What? Sir said you were leaving? Then let's have dinner together! Oh, all right, man, let's go see the guests off! Sir, you have worked hard. Be careful, sir. Sir, rest at ten o'clock. Take care, sir. Goodbye! Grade one: Tang Qiang.