Confucius was strict with himself all his life and never indulged himself. His "Three Commandments for Health" is a precious inscription for future generations.
Confucius said: "A gentleman has three precepts: when he is young, his blood gas is uncertain, so he should be cautious; It is also strong and bloody, and it is fighting; I am also old and my blood gas is declining, so I have to quit. "When you are young, you can't be greedy in sexual life; When you are hot-blooded, you should prevent fighting; In his later years, he should not be physically and mentally overworked and abstain from "greed". This "three precepts" requires that young people, mature people and old people should not indulge.
(2) optimistic and open-minded.
Confucius has a wide range of interests in "ceremony, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy and mathematics" and is proficient in poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, spring and autumn. Confucius traveled around the world all his life in order to publicize his political opinions and ways to establish himself. Even in his later years, he remained optimistic.
Confucius crossed the "Health Sutra" for twenty years: "The knower enjoys water, and the benevolent enjoys Leshan; The knower moves, and the benevolent is quiet; Those who know are happy, and those who are benevolent are longevity. " It is a scientific summary of Confucius' life-long health and fitness. It means that smart people, people with kindness, people who like quietness, mountains and rivers, activities and optimism will live a long life. Confucius put it more clearly in The Mean: "Great virtue leads to long life." The so-called virtuous people must be respected, live with peace of mind, be aboveboard and open-minded. This is what we usually call "selfless heart, broad world."
(3) Don't eat too much and pay attention to hygiene.
Eating carefully, being contented and not greedy, not overeating and not eating indiscriminately are the golden rules of Confucius' life-long self-control diet and health preservation. He once proposed "eight don't eat". Although some of them are debatable or inappropriate, they are basically about food hygiene and have reference value. "(1) Don't eat moldy food, rotten fish and rotten meat;
Don't eat if the color is not good;
3 don't eat stinky;
4 uncooked rice is not cooked properly;
⑤ Don't eat food with improper seasoning;
6 don't eat out of season;
⑦ Don't eat the wrong meat;
Don't eat the wine and cooked meat bought in the market. "Confucius family language also puts forward that' the old and the young are different', that is, the diet of different ages should be different, and each chooses the diet method and habit that suits him best.
These remarks of Confucius, even today, still meet the hygiene standards, and they are also one of the earliest concrete expositions on diet and health preservation in China.
(4) Obey the rules and pay attention to posture in daily life.
In daily life, Confucius also has specific requirements: "sleep without corpse, live without guests" and "sleep without words". "Sleeping without a corpse" means not lying on your back like a corpse. Later generations, such as Sun Simiao, suggested that it is advisable to bend your knees and lie on your side. The so-called "can't sleep, sleep like a teacher (lion) lying down" means "take off your boots and sit on your feet." "Ancient Heng Yan" said: "According to legend, Yi Xi's sleeping formula is' left foot bends to the left, left arm bends, head is placed in hand, right foot stretches out, right hand is placed between thighs, and right side lies down. ""The so-called' Huashan Chu Shi, as you can see, don't look for a fairy to find a sleeping party' refers to this method. "Don't talk while sleeping" is also observed by future generations. "Those who can't talk when they sleep, talk like bells, and can't talk until they hang up."
Confucius also attached importance to daily life. In response to Lu Aigong's advice on how to live a long life, he said: "If you sleep in one place from time to time, if you eat improperly, you will be killed." In other words, anyone who lives irregularly, eats excessively and does not pay attention to the combination of work and rest will die of illness for a long time.
Confucius herded sheep when he was a teenager. After living in poverty, he traveled all over the country and went through hardships to publicize his theory. But it is precisely because he summed up the practical experience of people's lives, explored the way of fitness, actively advocated and participated in sports activities, paid attention to the rules of diet and daily life, and had a moderate diet and rest that he could stand the embarrassing test of running around. In the Spring and Autumn Period when medical care and living conditions were poor, Confucius could still live to be 73 years old, which shows that Confucius is an educator who attaches great importance to sports health care and knows how to live long.
(5) The spirit of maintenance and the psychology of adjustment.
Confucius' students suffered from leprosy, and Confucius said regretfully, "People are human beings and have diseases." . It means what kind of people are prone to get what kind of diseases. Although Confucius' remarks are somewhat subjective, Confucius, as an educator and psychologist, may have noticed the relationship between diseases and people's personality and physique.
Over the past half century, due to the improvement of environmental hygiene and personal hygiene, biological diseases have indeed decreased, and the relationship between mental health and diseases has been relatively exposed. At present, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, hypertension, cor pulmonale and other major diseases are closely related to mental state. Others such as ulcers, neurodermatitis, psoriasis and diabetes are also closely related to mental health.
Confucius said: "A gentleman has three precepts: when he is young, his blood gas is uncertain, so he should be cautious; It is also strong and bloody, and it is fighting; I am also old and my blood gas is declining, so I have to quit. "The word' de' means greed. When people are old, they still desperately pursue fame and fortune, and what they get is often distress and even illness.
Confucius appreciated the state of abstinence, praised Yan Hui's state of mind of "only eating once, only drinking once, and in the mean lane, people will be worried if they can't bear it, and they won't change their pleasure when they go back", and said "return virtuous".
Confucius opposes laziness. He said, "It's so uncomfortable to eat all day and have no intention at all! Without a player, you are still virtuous to it. " It means playing chess rather than being idle.
Confucius likes music. He has heard of Shao (a musical name) in Qi, but he doesn't know the taste of March meat. With the help of music, we can cultivate sentiment and calm our hearts. When we are close to hunger, we are still "singing string songs". We are not worried about hunger and cold.
Confucius opposed the mental state of suffering from loss and complaining about others, and advocated being open-minded and resolute. He thinks that three things are harmful to health: arrogance, loitering, hunger and lust. Three things that are good for health are: standardizing actions, being kind to others and making good friends.
Confucius' disciples said: "Zi's strictness is as cautious as Yao Yao's." It means that when Confucius lived at home, his life was regular, his spirit was comfortable and his mood was comfortable.
Confucius commented on himself like this: "Angry and forgetting to eat, happy and forgetting to worry, I don't know that old age is coming." From this point of view, Confucius is a good old man who knows no worries.