The United States is recognized as a world basketball power, and the training system of "combining sports with education" is in the leading position in the world. Studying and drawing lessons from the advanced experience of American basketball talent training is conducive to speeding up the pace of basketball talent training in China and promoting the development of competitive basketball in China.
2. 1 Basic form of training system for American basketball players
Primary and secondary schools-universities-professional teams or clubs "pyramid" [3]. The purpose of the National University Sports Association is to make inter-school sports competitions an inseparable part of the whole education plan and athletes an inseparable part of the whole student group, and to achieve the goal of cultivating student athletes in many ways through inter-school competitions. It is characterized by the basic integration of physical education and education. The first identity of American young athletes is ordinary college students and middle school students, and their main task is of course to study. Their education level increases with age. The school has the same academic requirements for them as ordinary students. Most professional players in the United States have received formal college or high school education. NCAA has put forward strict requirements for basketball players' cultural learning since middle school. According to the requirements of NCAA, middle school graduates must have an average score of C in all subjects in high school and a score of 700 in the SAT (Academic Orientation Test) to be eligible to be recruited into the college basketball team. Therefore, American NCAA basketball players generally have a high level of education. NCAA's academic requirements for college athletes follow the principles of all-round development and academic equality. The graduation rate of athletes must be the same as that of the whole school, and the unified study of athletes is managed by the educational administration department of the school, which has nothing to do with the sports administration department. The United States implements a real credit system, and more athletes use extended study years to ease the contradiction between study and training. The school has not lowered the academic standards and requirements, so the graduation rate of athletes is low, about 60%, which is roughly the same as that of ordinary college students.
2.2 The United States has a huge and powerful reserve team of sports talents.
Primary and secondary schools in the United States implement integrated physical education for all students, which promotes the balanced development of students in sports knowledge, sports ability, physical fitness and behavior norms. The greatest advantage of physical education combined with physical education is to skillfully combine the characteristics of knowledge, playfulness, competition and excitement of physical activities with the characteristics of children's liveliness, curiosity and competitiveness, so that children can receive education, exercise, improve their sports skills and cultivate their sense of competition in physical exercise within their power. The progress and happiness that children get from this kind of sports activities can effectively cultivate their interest in sports and encourage them to further participate in sports activities that require higher health and sports skills and are more competitive. According to statistics, the sum of the number of students who often participate in physical training in schools and the number of students who participate in amateur training in the form of school teams in the United States and their proportion in the national population are 7,303,200 and 3.3% respectively [4]. The time conflict between student athletes' study and sports is alleviated by the unity of goals. Coupled with various flexible related mechanisms and first-class learning and sports facilities in the school, student athletes can flexibly arrange their own study and training. There are more and more students participating in sports in schools at all levels in the United States, and the coverage rate of athletes selection is almost 100%. It is easy for coaches to choose the best among many reserve talents for training. After multi-level competition, elimination and selection, teenagers with real sports talent finally stand out.
2.3 American investment in school sports
The huge social benefits of American investment in school sports are also manifested in helping about 80,000 middle school athletes enter universities every year, supporting the studies of more than 300,000 university athletes, and enabling about 70,000 athletes to complete higher education [5]. Due to the high cost of higher education in the United States, this series of preferential policies is attractive to middle school students and their families. For universities, high-level sports teams can not only improve the visibility of the school, but also bring direct economic benefits, and may even bring donations from alumni. In addition, inter-school sports competitions in American universities are profitable. The annual budget of NCAA is $89 million, and the annual profit in recent years is $9 million.
The advantage of the "combination of physical education and education" in the United States is that the institutions that implement training and learning are all schools, and the learning and training of student athletes are managed by schools. All student athletes face the same information and opportunities as other students, which enables them to make a more correct estimate of their future according to their own conditions and conditions, and adjust their focus in study and sports in time, so as to ensure that one of them will not encounter employment difficulties because he does not have a diploma or professional skills.