Bai Juyi (772-846), a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, was born in Taiyuan [present-day Shanxi], Han nationality, whose name was Lotte, and whose name was Xiangshan lay man. When I arrived at my great-grandfather, I moved to Shimonoseki (now north of Weinan, Shaanxi). Bai Juyi's grandfather, Huang Bai, was the magistrate of Gongxian County (now Gongyi, Henan Province) and a good friend of Xinzheng County magistrate at that time. Seeing the beautiful mountains and rivers and simple folk customs in Xinzheng, Huang Bai loved it very much, so his family moved to Dongguozhai Village (now Dongguo Temple) in the west of Xinzheng. Bai Juyi was born in Dongguozhai on the 20th day of the first month in the seventh year of Dali, Tang Daizong (February 28th, 772). In August of the sixth year of Wuzong Huichang (846), he died in Luoyang [Henan] and was buried in Xiangshan at the age of 75. He is the author of seventy-one volumes of Bai Changqing Collection.

In his later years, the official was the Prince with less Fu, and posthumous title was Bai Fu and Bai Wengong. He actively advocated the new Yuefu movement in literature, and advocated that "articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things". He wrote many poems lamenting the times and reflecting the sufferings of the people, which had a great influence on later generations. He is a very important poet in the history of China literature. Yuanhe was a bachelor of Hanlin and a doctor of Zuo Zanshan. Because of offending powerful people, he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima, and he was a good Buddha in his later years, so he was called Shi Fo, and he became a free and unfettered layman himself. He wrote many poems in his life, among which allegorical poems are the most famous, and the language is easy to understand, so he is called "the eloquent old woman". Narrative poems such as Pipa Xing and Song of Eternal Sorrow are all famous.

Main work

Song of Eternal Sorrow, Pipa Journey, Farewell to Ancient Grass, Spring Tour in Qiantang River, Mujiang Song, Memory of Jiangnan, Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple, Memory of Yuan Jiu and Li Shiyi Drunk, and A Suggestion for Friend Liu.

In his early years, he was enthusiastic about helping the world, emphasizing the political function of poetry and doing his best to make it popular. He wrote 60 poems, New Yuefu, Qin Zhongyin, which truly made people sick by singing only, and every sentence must be tuned, just like Du Fu's "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". The long narrative poems "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and "Pipa Journey" represent his highest artistic achievements. Middle-aged people encounter setbacks in officialdom. "Since then, the career has been long-term, and the world has never been opened." But he still wrote many good poems and did many good things for the people. Hangzhou West Lake and Bai Causeway commemorate him. In his later years, he sent his feelings to the mountains and rivers, and also wrote some small characters. There is a poem for Liu Yuxi: "Don't listen to the old songs, but listen to the new word Yang Liuzhi. It can be seen that he has read some new words. Among them, Flowers Are Not Flowers is quite good.

Bai Juyi's life

Life is divided into two periods, with Sima being demoted to Jiangzhou at the age of 44. The early period is the period of helping the world, and the later period is the period of being independent. Bai Juyi was a 29-year-old scholar in the 26th year of Zhenyuan. Successive provincial school secretary, provincial school secretary, Hanlin bachelor. During the Yuanhe period, he stayed to clean up the mess and wrote a lot of satirical poems, including Ten Famous Poems of Qin Zhongyin and Fifty Poems of New Yuefu, which made the dignitaries gnash their teeth and grieve. In the sixth year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi's mother died in Chang 'an because of mental disorder. According to the rules at that time, Bai Juyi returned to his hometown for three years and returned to Chang 'an after the funeral. The emperor arranged for him to be a doctor. In June of the 10th year of Yuanhe, when Bai Juyi was 44 years old, Prime Minister Wu and imperial envoy Zhong Cheng Pei Du were assassinated. Wu died on the spot and Pei Du was seriously injured. For such a big event, the eunuch group and the old bureaucratic group in power at that time kept calm and were in no hurry to deal with it. Bai Juyi was very angry. For the sake of law and order, he urged the authorities to strictly arrest the murderer. However, instead of praising his enthusiasm for state affairs, those in power say that he is an official of the Eastern Palace, and it is trespassing to talk about state affairs in front of the admonishers. He also said that his mother fell into a well and died while looking at flowers. He wrote poems about flowers and wells, which hurt filial piety. Such a person is not worthy to be a doctor. Zuo Zanshan should accompany the prince to study and should be expelled from Beijing. So he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. In fact, the reason why he offended was those allegorical poems.

The official demotion to Jiangzhou dealt a great blow to Bai Juyi. He said that he "eliminated the troubles and happiness on the surface and the right and wrong in his chest", and his early Buddhist and Taoist thoughts also grew. Three years later, he was promoted to Zhongzhou Secretariat. In the fifteenth year of Yuanhe, Tang Xianzong died suddenly in Chang 'an, and Tang Muzong succeeded to the throne. Mu Zong loves talents, recalled Chang 'an, and became a foreign minister, doctor, doctor and sinologist. However, at that time, North Korea was in chaos, with ministers fighting for power and profit and infighting. Mu Zong is politically lazy and doesn't listen to advice. Therefore, Mu Zong was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou in the second year of Changqing, and Suzhou was appointed as the secretariat after the expiration of Hangzhou. In his later years, he was divided into the eastern capital by the Prince. A 70-year-old official. Compared with the previous period, he is much more negative, but after all, he is a poet who has made a difference and actively pleaded for the people. Some of his poems at this time still show his concern for the country and the people. He is still diligent in political affairs and has done many good things, such as dredging six wells dug by Li Bi and solving the drinking water problem of the people. He built a long dike on the West Lake to store water and irrigate the fields, and wrote down the easy-to-understand Stone of Qiantang River, which was carved on a stone to tell people how to store water and drain water. He thought that as long as the dike was as good as law, it would not suffer from drought. This is the famous "Bai Causeway".

Bai Juyi's grandfather, his father Bai and his grandfather are all poets. In this family background, Bai Juyi studied very hard and eventually became a poet. But Bai Juyi, like Li Bai and Du Fu, was a heavy drinker. Zhang Wenqian said in Tiaoxi Fish in Conghua: Although Tao Yuanming loves to drink, he can't drink often because of his poor family. Drinking with him are farmers who collect firewood, catch fish and farm land, and the location is also in the Woods and fields. Bai Juyi makes wine at home, and every time he drinks, he must be accompanied by silk and bamboo and served by prostitutes. All the people who drink with him are social celebrities, such as Pei Du and Liu Yuxi.

At the age of 67, he wrote a biography of Mr. Drunk Sound. This drunken Mr. Yin is himself. In his biography, he said that there was a man named Mr. Zuiyin, and he didn't know his name, hometown and official position. He only knew that he had been an official for 30 years and retired to Los Angeles. He lives in ponds, bamboo poles, trees, pavilions, pontoons and so on. He likes drinking, reciting poems, playing the piano and playing with drunkards, poetry lovers and piano lovers. This is also the case. Bai Juyi has been to temples, mountains and rivers and spring stones inside and outside Luoyang.

Whenever the weather is beautiful, or it snows, he invites guests to his house, first painting the jar, then writing poems, and then holding silk and bamboo. So while drinking, I recited poems and played the piano. There is a boy playing "wearing a dress and feathers" and a little prostitute singing "Yang Liuzhi", which is a great pleasure. It didn't stop until everyone was drunk. Bai Juyi sometimes went out to play in the wild on a whim. He put a piano and a pillow in the car, hung two flagons on bamboo poles on both sides of the car, drank with the piano and came back happily.

According to Poor You Ji, Bai Juyi has a pond where he can row a boat. He entertained guests, and sometimes on the boat, he ordered people to hang more than 100 empty bags beside the boat, which contained wine and delicacies, and went with the boat. When he wants to eat or drink, he pulls them up, and when he finishes eating or drinking, he pulls up another one until he finishes eating or drinking.

In this way, it must be different from Tao Yuanming's predicament.

Fang Shao's Zhai Bo Discriminations says: Of the 2,800 poems written by Bai Letian, 800 were drunk. This number is not small.

When he drinks, he sometimes drinks alone. For example, when he was a secretariat in Suzhou, he was busy with official business and dismissed him with wine. He drank wine all day to relieve his nine days' hard work. He said: don't underestimate a day of drunkenness, that is to eliminate nine days of fatigue. If you don't have nine days of fatigue, how can you cure the people of the country? How can you entertain yourself if you are not drunk for a day? He combines work and rest with wine.

More is drinking with friends. He said in the poem "Drunk with Li Eleven and Remember Yuan Jiu"; When you are drunk, you will break your spring worries, and when you are drunk, you will make wine. In the poem "To Yuan Zhen", it is said: Flower swimming on the pommel horse, a glass of wine in the snow. In the poem "Drinking, Drinking, Dreams and Late Period", he said; * * * Put 10,000 in a bucket and 70 in three years. In the poem "A suggestion for my friend Liu", he said: There is a ray of green in the old bottle and a trace of red in the static furnace. With dusk and snow coming, how about a glass of wine? Wait, wait.

Luzhen, a native of Yining, Henan Province, carved a biography of Mr. Zuiyin with stones and stood beside the tomb. Legend has it that Luoyang people and tourists from all over the world know that Bai Juyi was addicted to alcohol all his life, so they all came to sweep the grave to propose a toast as a souvenir. The vast land in front of the tomb is often wet and never dry.

Bai Juyi was an outstanding poet in the middle Tang Dynasty. His poetic thoughts and creations, which emphasize popularity and realism, occupy an important position in the history of China's poetry. In Jiu Shu Tong Yuan, he clearly said: "Servants aim to help the two, and they are independent. Always serve the Tao, and invent poetry. Calling it a satirical poem is also aimed at helping others; It's not bad to call it leisure poetry. " It can be seen that among Bai Juyi's four kinds of poems: satire, leisure, sentimentality and heteronomy, the first two poems are most valued because they embody his "serving the people and always being kind". His poetic thoughts are mainly based on early satirical poems.

As early as the early Yuan Dynasty, Bai Juyi showed a tendency to emphasize realism, popularity and irony: "If there is no textual research on today's praise and demotion, there is a lack of punishment and persuasion;" If the poem "The Beauty Sting" does not test politics, then the significance of the make-up test will be abolished. ..... Those who give ci and fu with admonition and irony are wild in nature. "The role of poetry is to punish evil and persuade good, and make up for current politics. The means of poetry is praise, criticism, admonition and satire, so he advocates: "Set up officials to collect poems, make sarcastic remarks, examine their gains and losses, and understand their feelings." (Poetry Sixty-nine) He opposes the simple pursuit of "high palace rhythm" and "strange writing" without content, and even more opposes the gorgeous poetic style of "mocking the wind and making flowers" since Qi and Liang Dynasties. In the preface to new Yuefu, he clearly pointed out that the standard of writing poetry is: "the quality and path of his words are easy to distinguish for those who want to see;" "His words are straightforward and he admonishes those who want to listen; Its business is nuclear and true, so people who use it can send messages; Its body is very smooth and can be played in music songs. " Here, "quality and diameter", "straightness and tangent", "core and reality" and "smoothness and smoothness" respectively emphasize that the language should be simple and popular, the discussion should be straightforward and exposed, the writing should be absolutely false and pure, the form should be smooth and fluent, and it has the color of ballads. In other words, poetry must be authentic, easy to understand and easy to sing in order to be considered the ultimate.

Bai Juyi's above requirements for poetry have only one purpose, that is, to make up for current politics. So he went on to say: "In short, for the monarch, for the minister, for the people, for things, for things, not for writing." (Preface to New Yuefu) In Nine Books of the Same Origin, he reviewed his early creation and said, "Since I came to Korea, I have grown older and read more. Every time he talks to others, he asks more current events; Every time you read history, you should seek truth and Tao, and you will know that articles are written in time and songs and poems are written in things. " The first thing to do for time is to show it to the king. He also said: "I don't know when to avoid it" (the second of two painful poems about Tang Qu), and created a large number of satirical poems reflecting the sufferings of people's livelihood, but the general direction is "only songs make people sick, hope the emperor can know" (sent to Tang Sheng). Because only when the people's feelings are heard in heaven, the emperor opens the door and reaches the people's feelings, will politics tend to be calm.

Pipa Xing and Song of Eternal Sorrow are Bai Juyi's most successful works, and the outstanding feature of their artistic expression is the strengthening of lyric factors. Compared with the previous narrative poems, although these two works also use narrative and description to express events, they can no longer simplify the events, and only use one central event and two or three main characters to structure the whole article, such as the dramatic Ma Wei incident that the author is about to take over, but in the most lyrical psychological description of the characters and the rendering of the environmental atmosphere, they pour ink like rain in order to enjoy themselves, even though Pipa is such a story. In addition, the lyricism of these two works is also manifested in creating an appropriate atmosphere and setting off the artistic conception of poetry with selected images. For example, in Song of Eternal Sorrow, "He gazed at the desolate moon from the temporary palace, and he heard the bell in the late rain, cutting it on his chest"; "Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn" and "When the river mysteriously expands to the full moon" in the pipa; Or combine the bleak moonlight, the patter of rain at night and the heartbroken bell into a charming scene; Or use rustling maple leaves, flowers and boundless rivers and the moon to form a sad and lonely picture, revealing sadness, sadness and loneliness.

Leisure poems and satirical poems are two kinds of poems that Bai Juyi pays special attention to. Both of them are realistic, vulgar and thrifty, but they are quite different in content and mood. Satire poems aim at "helping the two" and are closely related to social politics, and write more about lofty sentiments and excitement; Leisure poems are meant to be "exclusive", "content with harmony, and give play to one's temperament" (Nine Books of Yuyuan), thus showing an indifferent, peaceful and leisurely state of mind.

Bai Juyi's leisurely poems have a great influence on later generations. His simple language style and indifferent and leisurely mood have been praised repeatedly. However, in contrast, the "leisure" thought of retiring from politics and being content with peace, and the attitude of returning to Buddhism and imitating Tao Yuanming in these poems have far-reaching influence because they are more in line with the psychology of later literati. For example, Bai Juyi said, "If you fight for two snail horns, you'll get a dime a dozen" (No.7 of Let's Drink Seven Songs), "If you fight for the snail horns, I'll send the body in the firelight of the stone" (No.2 of Drink Five Songs) and "I'll know what happened to the snail horns later" (No.8 of Wu Zeng's Can Change My Diet). That is to say, on the basis of the names given by the Song people, "the names of drunkards, pedants and Dongpo all come from Bai Letian's poems" (Gong Yizheng's "Notes on Mustard Seeds"). Zhou Bida, a poet in the Song Dynasty, pointed out: "Su Wenzhong, a loyal minister in this dynasty, did not pay much attention to permission, only loved Lotte and wrote poems many times. Gage's articles are all about words, but they are honest and generous, outspoken, full of words, affectionate with people and indifferent to things. Living in Huangzhou, the first name is Dongpo, and it must have started from Lotte Zhongzhou. " (Poems of Erlaotang) All these show the influence track of Bai Juyi and his poems.

Guan was originally a famous prostitute in Xuzhou, and was later accepted as a concubine by Xuzhou Shoujiang Zhang Cheng. Bai Juyi traveled to Xuzhou and hosted a banquet in Rizo. During the dinner, Guan's favorite princess also performed songs and dances. Bai Juyi appreciated Guan's talent very much, and wrote a poem "Drunk and charming can't win, but the wind blows peony flowers." Two years later, Rizo died of illness and his concubines separated. It's just about remembering, moving to the old house Yanzilou and living in seclusion.

In a flash, ten years passed. Bai Juyi heard about Guan's chastity, thinking that since she persisted for so long, why didn't she just die a martyr, leaving a reputation as a chaste woman and making an eternal story? So I started writing poetry, and the client handed it to Guan, and saw a letter saying:

Gold does not hesitate to buy slices,

Pick four or five flowers.

Singing and dancing are exhausting,

Once I leave, I won't follow you.

When Guan saw this poem, he burst into tears at once. She didn't die because she was afraid that others would misunderstand Rizo's selfishness and let her beloved concubine die, which would disgrace Rizo's reputation. Therefore, Bai Juyi dragged her feet over the years and drag out an ignoble existence, but Bai Juyi used poetry to make her martyrdom. How can she not be sad and angry? Guan was an upright man and died of hunger strike ten days later. A woman of dusty background cannot be expected to be loyal and chaste. Even if a good woman is chaste to her dead husband, it is only a personal choice, and it still depends on the relationship between husband and wife.

So infatuated with righteousness, can only say that Rizo's blessing, met a virtuous and kind woman. Pay attention to keeping Guan Ba for ten years, instead of posing for fame for many years.

Isn't it worse to die after ten years of miserable life? Bai Juyi, who has always been very sympathetic, not only did not sympathize with her situation, but also forced her to commit suicide and double suicide, pointing out a blind alley for her with rude male chauvinism.

How inhuman burial is, there is no need to argue again and again, and double suicide depends entirely on personal wishes. If you die and I can't live alone, we'll go together. But Bai Juyi, as a bystander, has what qualifications to dictate?

The ethical code of cannibalism has finally been eaten alive. Before she died, she read a sentence, children don't understand anything, they are sweaty mud-if you are a child, how do you know that I am pure and clean?

She repaid the great poet Bai Juyi with a noble death. Bai Juyi also greatly regretted hearing the death. Several years later, he retired to Xiangshan, Luoyang, knowing that time was running out, he dismissed Shi Ji Fan Su and Xiao Man (in fact, this was Bai's second mistake, and the two concubines were unlucky, but they were just swept out of the house by Lao Bai, who never seemed to think that they were actually people like themselves) and didn't want them to repeat Guan's tragedy.

Bai Juyi was 75 years old. Buried in Longmen Mountain. After his death, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty wrote a poem to mourn him, saying, "Who taught Ming Lu to write poems for sixty years and make jade beads?" Floating clouds are naturally happy if they are not famous and easy to live in. Boys perform "Song of Eternal Sorrow", and Hu Er can sing "Pipa". The article is full of people's ears. "For a while, I missed you sadly."

He comes from a small and medium-sized bureaucrat family who is a scholar. Born in Xinzheng, Zhengzhou (now Xinzheng County, Henan Province). Since 1 1 years old, she has been displaced by war for five or six years. I studied hard when I was a teenager. In the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800 years), he was a scholar, and in the 18th year, he got an excellent degree with Yuan Zhen. Two people are engaged. In the future, Bai Yuan was also famous for his poems. In the spring of nineteen years, he was awarded the provincial school secretary. In the first year of Yuanhe (806), he dismissed the proofreader, wrote 75 pieces of "Ce Lin", and was awarded the title of "knowing talents, knowing body and function". Shoot "Watching Wheat Cutting" and "Song of Eternal Sorrow". Yuanhe returned to Korea in the second year, awarded a bachelor's degree in Hanlin in November, and served as a left gleaning in the following year. In four years, he launched the New Yuefu Movement with Yuan Zhen and Li Shen. In five years, Cao, a native of Jingzhao County, joined the army. At this time, he was still a bachelor of Hanlin, drafting letters and participating in state affairs. He can talk openly about things without being afraid of powerful people. In six years, Yuanhe was sent back to Beijing to serve because his mother was at home and had served her full term. In ten years, he was demoted to Sima Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) for taking the lead in catching the murderer of Wu. The following year, I wrote Pipa Travel. He began to "be an official in seclusion" and built a thatched cottage in Lushan. His thought has changed from "saving the world" to "being immune to the world", and more and more leisurely and sentimental poems have appeared. In the thirteenth year of Yuanhe, he changed to Zhongzhou Secretariat, returned to Beijing in the fifteenth year, and moved to Zhongshu Sheren. Due to the feud between the cronies of the DPRK and China, Yu Changqing requested to be released in the second year (822), and he was the secretariat of Hangzhou and Suzhou successively, which won the hearts of the people. In the first year of Emperor Wenzong Daiwa (827), he was supervised by the secretary, transferred to assistant minister of punishments the following year and settled in Luoyang for four years. Later, he served as the guest of the Prince, Henan Yin and Shaofu Prince. In the second year of Huichang (842), he became an official with the minister of punishments. In Luoyang, he entertained himself with poetry, wine, Zen, Qin and mountains and rivers, and often sang with Liu Yuxi, who was called Liu Yuxi. In Huichang four years, eight stone beaches were dug in Longmen for the benefit of boat people. At the age of 75, he was buried at Pipa Peak in Xiangshan, Longmen, Luoyang. Li Shangyin wrote an epitaph for him.

Poetry theory

Bai Juyi's thought combines Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Self-reliance, with Confucianism as the guiding ideology, "wealth will help the world, and poverty will be immune to it." His ambition of "helping the world and the people" is mainly based on Confucian benevolent policies, including the theory of Huang Lao, the technique of treating filial piety and the method of applying Korea; His mind of "being alone" absorbed the concepts of contentment, uniformity and freedom of Laozi and Zhuangzi and the Buddhist thought of "liberation". The two are roughly bounded by Bai's demotion of Jiangzhou Sima. Bai Juyi not only left nearly 3000 poems, but also put forward a whole set of poetry theory. He compared poetry to a fruit tree and put forward the viewpoint of "root feeling, Miao character, Watson and true meaning" (nine books are the same). He believes that "emotion" is the fundamental condition for the emergence of poetry, "those who touch people's hearts should not care about emotion first" (ibid.), and the emergence of emotion is related to current politics because of emotion. Therefore, poetry creation cannot be divorced from reality, but must be based on various events in real life and reflect the social and political situation of an era. He inherited the tradition of "beauty and beauty" since the Book of Songs and attached importance to the realistic content and social function of poetry. Emphasize the role of poetry in exposing and criticizing political abuses. He put forward a series of principles in poetry expression:

"Concise";

"Call a spade a spade, cut to the chase", express one's mind directly and be close to the facts;

"Things are true", the content is true and well documented;

"The body is smooth and smooth" and the words are smooth and easy to sing (Preface to New Yuefu).

His poetic theory is of progressive significance for urging poets to face up to reality and care about people's livelihood. It also has an important influence on the poetic style that has gradually emphasized form since Dali (766 ~ 779). However, overemphasizing the subordination of poetry creation to the needs of real politics will inevitably constrain the artistic creation of poetry and the diversification of poetry styles.

Literary works

Bai Juyi once divided his poems into four categories: satire, leisure, sentimentality and miscellaneous methods. Generally speaking, the first three categories are ancient bodies, and the latter category is near bodies. The first three categories are roughly divided by content, but they overlap. Among these four types of poems, Bai himself pays more attention to the first two types, and thinks that satirical poems embody the "ambition to be satisfactory to both sides"; Leisure poems show the meaning of "being independent"; It is a direct embodiment of his life goals. Sentimental poems and miscellaneous poems are "either seduced by one thing or sent by a smile, born spontaneously, not in life" (Yuan Zaju "Nine Books"). Satire is the essence of white poetry. There are 50 representative works of New Yuefu and Qin Zhongyin 10. They widely reflect the major issues in all aspects of social life in the middle Tang Dynasty, and focus on describing the darkness of reality and the suffering of the people. These poems are fiercely worded and have no scruples, breaking through the tradition of "gentle and honest" poetry teaching, and are very prominent in ancient poems criticizing current politics. Satire is more direct in form. The narrative is complete, the plot is vivid, and the plot of the characters is meticulous and vivid. The other part of satirical poetry uses allegory to support things and natural images to support political feelings. These two kinds of works have profound and broad generalizations, concentrated themes, vivid images and clear language. Some "new Yuefu" also adopt the sentence pattern of "337", which has traces of folk popular literature and art. Leisure poems mostly express the yearning for seclusion and quiet life in the countryside and the interest of leading an honest and clean life. Many poems also promote the idea of contentment, peace and happiness. However, some poems show dissatisfaction with reality from the side, which shows that his pursuit of leisure is only a helpless relief. The most famous sentimental poems are the narrative poems "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and "Pipa Xing". Song of Eternal Sorrow is a story about the marriage and love between Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei, which contains both an earth-shattering satire on China's lust for beauty and endless sympathy and regret for this endless sorrow. Pipa has a sense of "returning to the world" and has outstanding language achievements. These two poems are full of twists and turns in narrative, meticulous in writing, good at parallelism, smooth and harmonious in sound and rhyme, and widely circulated. Bai also has many gifts for relatives and friends, sincere and sincere, simple and moving. However, in this kind of poems, there are many sad colors that lament the old people's illness and death, and Buddhist thoughts that get rid of the hubbub. Miscellaneous poems are the most in white poems, and some intriguing lyric landscape poems are very famous, with a few strokes and a lot of business. In addition, there are some long sentences and poems that tell the truth and contrast the melody. There is a glass of light, wine shadow and amorous feelings, which is quite imitated by people at that time. White poetry was widely spread at that time, from the court to the folk, and its reputation spread far and wide in Xinjiang, Korea and Japan. White poetry has a great influence on later literature. Pi Rixiu, Lu Guimeng, Nie, Luo Yin and Du Xunhe in the late Tang Dynasty and Wang Yucheng, Mei, Su Shi, Lu You, Wu and Huang Zunxian in the Qing Dynasty were all inspired by the style of white poetry. Bai Juyi's poems have the greatest influence in Japan. He is Japan's favorite poet of the Tang Dynasty. His poems are often quoted by Japanese classical novels. It can be said that Bai Juyi is the pinnacle of China's poems in the Tang Dynasty in the Japanese mind.

Later playwrights also re-created the poems according to the stories of Bai poetry, such as Bai Pu's Song of Eternal Sorrow and Hong's Song of Eternal Sorrow, namely Rain and Palace of Eternal Life. Ma Zhiyuan and Jiang Shiquan wrote Tears on the Shirt and Autumn on the Four Strings respectively based on Pipa. White poems and white sentences were also adopted by three generations of characters in Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Bai Juyi is not a literary group of Han and Liu, but he is also an advocate and creator of new style ancient prose. His 75 articles "Ce Lin" are outstanding in knowledge, popular in discussion and profound in writing, and they are political papers tracking Jia Yi's "public security policy". Yuan Jiu Shu is an important literary criticism document in Tang Dynasty. Essays such as Caotang Collection, Lengquan Pavilion Collection, Preface to Three Visits Cave and Preface to Litchi Map are concise and to the point. It is a masterpiece in the prose of Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi is also a powerful promoter of ci creation. Poems such as Recalling Jiangnan, Langtaosha, Flowers Are Not Flowers, and Sauvignon Blanc paved the way for the development of literati ci.

Poet Li Bai, great poets Du Fu and Liu Yuxi, as well as Li He and Shi Gui. Bai Juyi is called a "magical poet".

This episode and research materials

Bai Juyi compiled Bai's Collected Works (formerly known as Bai Changqing Collection) before his death, and collected more than 3,800 poems, which were later lost. The earliest extant white poetry anthology is an engraving of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, with more than 3,600 poems (including dozens of others). Ma Yuan reprint in Ming Dynasty and Bonadaoyuan 16 18 Japanese and Shao editions are basically the same. In the early Qing Dynasty, Wang Liming's Poems of White Xiangshan was only a collection of poems. Modern people took Shaoxing as the base and participated in the formation of Bai Juyi's Collection, with Bai Zhuan, an important preface and postscript, and a chronicle. Bai Yuan's Poems by Chen You, Collection of Classical Literature Research Materials Bai Juyi Volume, edited by Chen Youqin, published by Zhonghua Book Company 1962, and Bai Juyi Research by Hideki Hayashi are all important reference books for research.