Landscape topography refers to the ground bearing trees, flowers, water bodies and garden buildings in a certain range. "Garden micro-topography" refers to the fluctuation of plant planting area within a certain range of garden green space. In the gardening project, suitable micro-topography treatment is beneficial to enrich the gardening elements, form the landscape level, enhance the artistry of the garden and improve the ecological environment.
2. Principles of micro-topography treatment of garden green space
Garden green space can be divided into natural, flat, ladder, mixed and other micro-terrain models. According to the author's research for many years, the following principles are put forward according to different microtopography models and their functions.
2. 1 Combined with natural terrain, it fully reflects natural features.
Nature is the best scenery. Combine the natural topography, landform and landform of the scenic spot, reflect the local characteristics and surface characteristics, and earnestly conform to nature, return to nature, use local materials and pursue natural interests.
2.2 See the big from the small and beautify it appropriately.
The changes in the height, size, proportion, scale and appearance of the terrain create rich surface features and provide a basis for landscape changes. In a larger scene, a wide and flat green space, a large lawn or a sparse lawn are needed to show the magnificent scene; But in a small range, from the horizontal and vertical two-dimensional space, the sense of uniformity can be broken. Through proper micro-topography treatment, more levels and spaces can be created, and the essence of landscape can be formed accurately and skillfully.
2.3 According to local conditions, blend in with natural scenery and terrain.
Terrain and landscape must be coordinated with landscape architecture, eliminate the boundary between architecture and environment, coordinate architecture with surrounding environment, integrate architecture, topography and green landscape, and reflect the psychology of returning to nature, advocating nature and yearning for nature.
3. Different greenbelts have different microtopography processing skills.
3. 1 public * * * green space
3. 1.2 embankment
Embankment is a medium connecting water body and green space, and it is a common landscape topographic element of modern urban waterfront green space. The embankment is slightly inclined, and the embankment is slowly extended to the water surface by means of beach or grassland to break the interface between green space and water body; Or make the bank into steps and extend the steps directly into the water, so as to provide people with the possibility of playing in the water, so that people can visit the water in person and enjoy the fun of nature.
3. 1.2 artificial water system
The artificial water system of garden green space is generally divided into conventional, natural and mixed types.
Regular water bodies, such as fountains, can be regarded as geometric shapes with clean waterfront; The revetment is often made of stone or ceramic tile, perpendicular to the bottom of the pool, which is more common in fountain waterscape.
The natural water body pays attention to "why the water is drained, and the source is examined", which requires designers to observe and refine the natural water body, so as to obtain "likeness" rather than "spirit likeness" and create an effect similar to the natural water system with artificial water surface. In order to avoid water coming out passively, the contour line of water is usually treated as a naturally tortuous slope, sometimes hidden and sometimes exposed, and the waterfront is naturally tortuous. If the artificial beach or artificial grassland is designed to extend slowly into the water body, the revetment is mainly made of natural materials such as pebbles or rocks. Wide water bodies can also create landscapes such as continents, bamboos and beaches; The artificial water system of garden green space is generally divided into conventional, natural and mixed types.
Regular water bodies, such as fountains, can be regarded as geometric shapes with clean waterfront; The revetment is often made of stone or ceramic tile, perpendicular to the bottom of the pool, which is more common in fountain waterscape.
The natural water body pays attention to "why the water is drained, and the source is examined", which requires designers to observe and refine the natural water body, so as to obtain "likeness" rather than "spirit likeness" and create an effect similar to the natural water system with artificial water surface. In order to avoid water coming out passively, the contour line of water is usually treated as a naturally tortuous slope, sometimes hidden and sometimes exposed, and the waterfront is naturally tortuous. If the artificial beach or artificial grassland is designed to extend slowly into the water body, the revetment is mainly made of natural materials such as pebbles or rocks. Wide water bodies can also create landscapes such as continents, bamboos and beaches; Narrow water bodies can form waterfalls, falling water, ground springs and other water landscapes, making water have the beauty of natural rivers and the spirituality of gurgling mountains and streams.
The treatment of mixed water system should be adapted to local conditions or according to the needs of landscaping. For example, near buildings, revetment can be built with straight lines or broken lines, and slightly remote places can be treated as natural, which can increase the wild interest and improve the ornamental and artistic quality of water bodies. Narrow water bodies can form waterfalls, falling water, ground springs and other water landscapes, making water have the beauty of natural rivers and the spirituality of gurgling mountains and streams.
The treatment of mixed water system should be adapted to local conditions or according to the needs of landscaping. For example, near buildings, revetment can be built with straight lines or broken lines, and slightly remote places can be treated as natural, which can increase the wild interest and improve the ornamental and artistic quality of water bodies.
3.2 Square Green Space
Square is the most public, artistic and cultural open space in the urban space environment, so it has the reputation of "living room" and "living room" in the city.
In the design of square green space, different landscapes are often reflected or expressed through the rise and fall of terrain. The topography of memorial gardens, such as monuments, towers, sculptures or theme landmark buildings, is often raised to reflect the lofty, majestic and solemn feeling, which makes viewers feel a sense of worship. The waterscape can be high or low, the fountain pool can be high or flat, and the dry land fountain sinks to reflect its lofty majesty from the top, peaceful and closed from the top, and lively from the top. Public leisure squares without main landscape are often made into descending terrain, such as building sunken plaza to meet the landscape requirements, thus creating scenic spots and facilities for mass cultural performances and recreation.
3.3 Street Green Space
Street greening is an essential element of street landscape, and facade space is very important to make a relatively long, narrow, monotonous and closed road have excellent landscape effect. In addition to the height of plants, proper terrain treatment is also important. Making the surface into a "turtle back" or wedge shape during soil preparation can not only enhance the continuity and directionality of the road, meet the layout needs of drainage, underground pipelines and pipe trenches, but also enrich the landscape level on the facade; It is also beneficial to prevent the diffusion of pollutants such as tail gas, dust and noise, and produces good ecological benefits.
4. Micro-topography treatment of residential area greening
4. 1 Treatment of manhole, septic tank and scattered water in buildings
The blunt manhole, the cover plate of the chemical pool and the scattered water in the building are often considered as a major failure in the garden, because they are incompatible with the surrounding landscape in color and shape. Micro-topography treatment can effectively improve the landscape effect.
In landscaping, flowers or hedges, vines and flower beds are often used to cover manhole, septic tank cover and building apron. If the manhole, septic tank cover plate and building water are placed in micro-topography with stones or overhead, it can be more harmonious with the surrounding scenery.
4.2 Garden Road
It is often used in the design of residential areas, dynamic traffic and tourist routes. Micro-topographic treatment of the garden road can cause proper topographic relief, or form footpath steps, buffer the flat road surface, adjust the pace of tourists and relieve fatigue. The terrain on both sides of the garden road is undulating, which not only satisfies the drainage, but also makes the road fluid and directional. Decorating the pavement with different materials, such as cobblestones or cobblestones paved with different patterns, can enrich the garden landscape from color and shape, which is conducive to fitness; If the ground is paved with broken tiles, you can make full use of the materials and increase the landscape color.
4.3 the lower part of the stairs
The space under the stairs is generally narrow, dark and humid, which often forms a sanitary corner, which is often referred to as the forgotten corner. After proper micro-topography treatment, this corner can form a certain visual landscape. You can use the Japanese-style dry landscape garden method to create an image landscape similar to a stream with quartz sand, pebbles and stones under the stairs, which is quite enjoyable with colored lights. It can also make the terrain under the stairs naturally fluctuate, and configure shade-tolerant plants and garden facilities to form a delicate miniature garden landscape.
4.4 Atrium and patio
Atrium and patio are generally places where the line of sight is relatively concentrated. In this narrow space, in order to make the landscape rich and not crowded, micro-topography can be treated according to different landscape designs. Combined with the types of buildings, regular or natural pools are excavated in the atrium and patio, and water features such as fountains, falling water, ground springs, streams and water stones are created to introduce water into the room, which makes people closer to nature. If the ground is regarded as natural ups and downs, with plants, it can present a natural look and be full of wild interest.
4.5 Between buildings
The distance between buildings is limited, and small earth bags can be formed through proper micro-topography treatment, which can represent natural peaks; It can also form a main peak and a secondary peak, and the low section between the two peaks naturally forms a valley, and the peaks and valleys alternately form a miniature landscape of natural Shan Ye. Move nature into the house, and you can enjoy the interest of nature without leaving home, so that the living environment can be organically integrated with nature.
4.6 edge of green space
The general practice is to make the edge of the green space form a gentle slope and gradually extend to the road surface, which is not only beneficial to drainage, but also can form a buffer zone between the road and the green space. You can also embed natural stones or bury piles with short wood at will, which can not only form a wild landscape, but also make the whole green space fresh and unconventional, so that roads and green spaces can be integrated, and soft landscapes and hard landscapes complement each other.
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