Let's see what it's like to be lectured by a Saudi coach at half-time.
Bowing one's head is a very fashionable and effective way to keep fit, which has been popular in China for more than 3000 years.
The Spring Festival in the year of Gengzi, like other Spring Festival every year, should be a good opportunity to visit relatives and friends and have a drink. However, from the 29th of the twelfth lunar month before the festival, coronavirus pneumonia, which was generally ignored by Chinese people, suddenly fermented. On the first day of the first month, people who are used to going out to pay New Year's greetings hesitate to greet their loved ones. From the next day, all people were soldiers, and rural villages and urban communities closed roads. The New Year's greetings, which started from the second day of junior high school and lasted almost until the 15th day of the first month, have come to an abrupt end.
It is not only a cultural custom of China people, but also a channel for exchanging feelings. Now, with the modern communication tool of WeChat, it really saves a lot of trouble. On New Year's Eve, I lay on the sofa watching the Spring Festival Gala, while looking for a better New Year's greeting to copy and paste and send it to all my friends in my address book with one click. However, there are always some people who have to pay New Year greetings in person, such as grandmothers, uncles, leading colleagues and people all over the world ... Because most of these people don't keep in touch all year round, they can only meet, get together and even get drunk in this way during the Spring Festival, which is an important channel and an effective way for China people to maintain their family ties. It is not only a folk custom, but also a culture.
It is very troublesome to pay a New Year call, and it is even more troublesome to pay a New Year call to the elderly. Because in many places, the custom of kowtowing to the elderly continues, and some grandparents have specially prepared red envelopes for their grandchildren to kowtow on this day. I have five brothers. When my father was alive, he paid special attention to the kowtowing ceremony of his six grandchildren on New Year's Day. Every year, he prepares red envelopes early. Whenever six little things kowtow to their parents in turn, he will take out thick red envelopes and hand them to them in turn. The children jumped for joy, and the old man smiled from ear to ear. That kind of peace and happiness is irreplaceable at any time and in any form.
This year's Spring Festival saved the trouble of floating New Year's greetings because of this sudden plague. Every family responded to the government's call and stayed at home quietly, making this year the quietest Spring Festival since I can remember, and the longest Spring Festival for family members to sit together. So, I spent a lot of time quietly listening to music, reading big books and writing headlines, and I couldn't help thinking about this topic.
"Kneeling" is not only a kind of etiquette before the Eastern Han Dynasty, but also a sitting posture in daily life.
Before the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were no modern high tables in China. People eat, write and read on a low table called Ji. Because this "Ji" is not high enough, there is no need to sit on a stool (there were no chairs and stools at that time). Therefore, people sit on the floor in formal occasions, whether they are emperors or civilians, in this posture, except that what is under the emperor's ass is better than that of ordinary people.
At that time, people's "sitting" was actually a kind of "kneeling" You need to put your legs together, kneel on your knees, and then sit on your heels. This is a demanding action, especially for those who are fatter. So we can often see some fat people sitting on recliners in some ancient paintings, and there will be something like a pillow at hand to support their elbows. However, if the son of heaven calls a meeting to discuss, or holds a banquet and sits at the table, those fat people may suffer.
This kind of kneeling is actually very kung fu, and it really won't last long without some basic qualities. Last year, I went to Jiuhua Mountain in Anhui with a business friend to worship the Tibetan King and Bodhisattva and attended a Buddhist ceremony he invited. During this period, the monk recited the scriptures for a long time, and we all had to kneel for a long time. At first, I remained upright and kneeling like a friend. Later, my knees couldn't stand it, so I sat on my knees instead, but my legs went numb in a few minutes. But out of reverence and piety for the Buddha, I gritted my teeth and persisted. Finally, I couldn't stand up at all. My friends even laughed that I was out of touch with Buddha. From this, I really admire the "kneeling" of the ancients.
This form of kneeling originated in China and spread to Japan and South Korea. But now, except the North Koreans in the Northeast, China people no longer kneel, and the Japanese, North Koreans and South Koreans still keep this ancient kneeling method.
Bowing, as a feudal etiquette, lasted for more than 3,000 years in China.
Yi Zhongtian, a famous scholar, thinks that Chinese civilization should have started from the Zhou Dynasty after the emergence of the state, and the ritual and music culture in China culture also started from this period. So I think China's bow-down etiquette should also start from this period.
As a Chinese etiquette, bowing embodies the concept of hierarchy, the sense of respect and inferiority, and the order of elders and younger generations. In feudal society, it is more manifested as a kind of physical slavery and spiritual oppression, which is a deformed etiquette that distorts human nature. Therefore, after the Revolution of 1911, it was this kind of bow-down etiquette that was first abandoned and abolished feudal culture.
Before the Eastern Han Dynasty, bowing down was actually two movements with different body centers of gravity. For example, on the court, when listening to the emperor's lecture, you can sit with your feet together, but when you need to answer the emperor's questions, you should lean forward and your center of gravity will naturally move to your knees.
Kneeling, as a kind of etiquette, can be roughly divided into eight types:
(1) nod
The saluter kneels on his knees, leans forward, touches the ground with his hands and bows to his forehead. This kind of etiquette is generally used in ancient officialdom. Courtiers want to see the emperor, and lower officials want to see higher officials. Sometimes in TV series, ministers can see the emperor's forehead bleeding, which is usually the performance of officials being scolded by the emperor. In the folk, nodding ceremony is generally used for the younger generation to treat the older elders. For example, it is necessary to do such a ceremony when meeting the elderly in the New Year. In modern times, we can see the first ceremony in the temple. Whether it is a devout believer or a Buddhist monk, the ceremony they perform in front of the Buddha is generally this kind of ritual.
In ancient times, nodding was the highest form of official etiquette. Therefore, many literati often write the humble word "nodding" in their letters to show their respect for others.
(2) Empty head
When you perform the first military salute in the air, you land on your knees, arch your hands, bow your head and reach out, and you won't touch the ground with peace of mind, so you are called "empty hands" and "bow your hands". This is a kind of bowing ceremony for men in the "Nine Worship".
Empty-handed ritual is generally used for sacrifice, which is a kind of "ritual" and more of an element of "utensil". In my area, this etiquette still exists at the funerals of the elderly. Generally, the eldest son or grandson of the closest relative will bow three times to the coffin of the deceased old man, which is an empty first gift when deducting the first head. I think this kind of etiquette is more humane than nodding, which is easy to hurt people, but it is much better to bow your head empty-handed.
(3) Jump
Jumping is actually one of the first rites, or an upgraded version of the first ceremony, which is generally used in funeral occasions. Filial sons and grandchildren often need to add jumping and trembling movements at the same time, which is called jumping. This can also be seen in some modern funeral occasions, which is often ridiculous in the eyes of onlookers, and sometimes there will be laughter that runs counter to that scene.
(4) Fierce worship: that is, nodding first and then empty, which is generally used for funeral.
(5) Bai Ji: Contrary to the fierce worship, when saluting, the first bow is empty, and then the first bow is generally used for festive occasions.
(6) odd worship: odd is singular, that is, one worship, which is generally used for general gifts.
(7) praise worship: that is, worship three more times. In ancient times, worship again was the most important thing, which was often used between officials and between small officials and big officials.
(8) Essence
Northern Jiangsu is a form of ancient female worship. When saluting, kneel down first, then put your hands on the ground, and then pass them over, while keeping your head down until you reach them, so it is also called "hand-bowing". In fact, it is similar to a man's empty salute, except that women do it more elegantly.
Sue's words meant to put her hand on the ground. So later in communication, in order to show respect for each other, people often say "be careful". Women salute, also known as "Duansu", comes from this.
Bowing down as a feudal etiquette has long since disappeared in China officialdom. Throughout the world, only a few countries with constitutional monarchy still bow down as official etiquette. For example, Cambodian officials bow when they see the king. It is actually a disguised form of worship for Thai officials to meet members of the royal family for burial. Japan has always been a monarchy. On the surface, the official etiquette is to bow and kneel, but I guess the attendants in the royal family still bow when they see the monarch. As an old-fashioned monarchy, Britain's own people have to curtsy when they see the queen, and they don't know how to implement it internally. Because Saudi Arabia is an Islamic country, they have the custom of bowing to God, and they should also inherit the royal etiquette.
"Kneeling and sitting" has become a modern fitness method and has once again returned to fashion.
I don't know when it started. As an exercise method, kneeling has quietly returned to real life and gradually become a fashion that many white-collar workers and cultural experts like.
Taking "kneeling" as a way of keeping in good health is actually kneeling. There are two main ways:
One is kneeling. In fact, there is this movement in yoga, which is deeply loved by the majority of female friends. The key point is to kneel on the soft couch with your feet flat and your hips naturally at the heel. Keep your upper body upright, bow your head and hold your chest, and naturally cross your hands on your knees. This action is also similar to the meditation done by some friends who like meditation, but the leg posture is different. But judging from the efficacy of relevant data, kneeling and meditation do have the same effect.
The second is the knee line. It is said that long-term persistence can achieve the effect of losing weight and nourishing liver and kidney. I tried several times, and it was very hard. My family felt strange and didn't insist. Instead, I insist on sitting cross-legged in the dead of night every day, which feels good.
Fiona Fang Ju culture conclusion:
1. Bowing, as a ritual that has lasted for more than 3,000 years in China, has become an important part of China traditional culture. At present, there is still the custom of bowing to the elderly in many places, which should not be unilaterally classified as a feudal legacy, but should be regarded as a simple folk custom worthy of preservation in Chinese filial piety culture and carried forward;
2. Many places in modern China paid attention to the education of children's knowledge and norms of Chinese studies, and began to popularize Hanfu rite of passage, including worship of heaven and earth, Confucius and parents. I think this is a return to traditional culture, which is worth learning and exploring.
The national football team looks forward to a real hero! Lippi took the last shift: training international players to fight for the Asian Cup.
There is no weak travel in Asia? The biggest Asian Cup upset in my mind is that Iraq won the Asian Cup in 2007. But in fact, the Iraqi team had a golden generation at that time, and they even won the fourth place in the 2004 Athens Olympic Games! Iraq was not weak at that time. But beyond that, the Asian Cup is structured, with Japanese, Korean, Iranian, Saudi, Australian and even China teams in the first echelon.
However, the Asian Cup gives the whole Asian audience the feeling that they are shuffling cards, which is a mess. Strong teams have no shadow of strong teams, but weak teams have risen one after another. For example, defending champion Australia lost 0-/kloc-0-0 to Jordan, Thailand/kloc-0-4 to India, and Vietnam 2-3 to Iraq showed superior control. South Korea beat the Philippines by 1-0. Tonight, Japan almost destroyed Turkmenistan, 2-3 encouraged to win!
Japan's ranking gap between the Asian Cup and the Russian World Cup 16 is not small, and the three lines are even a little out of touch. Turkmenistan played methodically and wonderfully. People can't help feeling that Asian football is welcoming a new revolution. Teams in Southeast Asia and Central Asia are on the rise!
China men's soccer team, in this case, actually has a certain chance. In the past, when the inherent pattern has been formed, it is difficult for the national football team to get rid of the second-rate situation in Asia. However, nowadays, with the shuffling, everyone is making renewed efforts. If the national football team can seize the opportunity by itself, it will hopefully become a strong team in Asia. I can't grasp it well, even worse than before!
This poster is wonderful: look forward to the true hero of the national football team! This Asian Cup hopes that the national football team will attach importance to the process and pay more attention to the results and achievements. If you can get a good result, such as the top four or even by going up one flight of stairs, then the domestic football league environment and youth training environment will be good! At present, football in China is a bit harsh in winter, so we need the national football team as a shot in the arm!
Lippi is very dedicated! He is trying to stand in the last class and spare no effort to train the international team. I hope that in this Asian Cup, China will play better football in the face of the changes in Asian football. Only when the national football team is excited can the remaining stages of China football have vitality to follow.