(1) Dongzhai Mangrove Forest
On the northern shore of Hainan Island, along the beach from Puqian Port to Dongzhai Port 10, there is an endless mangrove forest, which appears on the sea like a green Great Wall: at high tide, the beach is submerged by seawater, the trunk is submerged in water, and only dense tree crowns float on the sea; After the ebb tide, the muddy trunks are exposed out of the sea and intertwined, just like virgin forests, so they are known as "marine forests" or "underwater forests". This is the famous Dongzhai mangrove forest in Hainan Island.
Mangroves are tropical trees that grow on beaches. Beaches made up of mangroves are called mangrove beaches. It is a biological beach like a coral reef beach. In the seaside tourism landscape, it has a special charm and style.
Mangrove beaches in China are distributed from the north to Fuding, Fujian, but the growth condition is not very good, because with the increase of latitude, mangrove species tend to be monotonous and individuals become short and sparse. Therefore, Hainan Island is the best place for mangrove growth in China, especially the mangrove beach from Puqian Port to Dongzhai Port, covering an area of 2,534 hectares. It is the best mangrove beach in China and was established as the only mangrove nature reserve in China on 1980.
Mangroves are not red trees, they are evergreen all year round. The mangroves here mainly include mangroves, red eggplant, Kandelia candel, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, water coconut, rhinoceros and Avicennia marina. When tourists first see mangroves, they see that the pillars of mangroves are thick, arched vertically and horizontally, and directly inserted into the soil. These branches can not only support the tree crown, but also absorb oxygen by themselves. The epidermis at the root of the column has lenticels. There are interconnected pores inside. The underground roots of mangroves get normal gas exchange by rooting in the air and will not suffocate in the mud. Therefore, mangroves are especially suitable for growing on mudflats in the bay. Mangroves have special adaptability and strong vitality, rooted in the beach, like a tight and solid sea green wall, protecting the coast from erosion.
If you gradually enter the depths of mangroves, you can see some winding streams on the beach deep in the jungle. There is water in the streams, which is still feasible for boats! Sailing along the stream is ok, but it is very difficult to cross the mangrove forest on foot. Because the roots and branches of various mangroves are strange, intertwined and bent from east to west, forming a cross-disordered defense line, which makes the passage blocked. There are many branches and roots in mangroves, and hundreds of air roots are hung on a tree! Such as red tomatoes, dozens or even hundreds of them protrude obliquely from the trunk. The growth of branches and roots makes mangroves take root and sprout on the mudflat, and grow very firmly.
It is also interesting to observe the leaves of mangroves carefully. Mangrove leaves are thick and bright, which can reflect the strong sunlight on the sea. There are short and dense hairs on the back of the leaves, which can prevent seawater flooding. It also has developed glands, which can secrete excess salt to maintain physiological balance. Its leaves and bark contain a tannic acid and a special red pigment, which can protect the leaves from rotting in seawater. Therefore, mangroves are very suitable for growing in the beach environment and are known as "coastal guards".
Among all kinds of mangroves, red eggplant is not big, the trunk is generally two or three meters high, while Bruguiera gymnorrhiza is much bigger, with branches as high as six or seven meters. Some tree stems are white, jade bone's ice muscles are general, very handsome and beautiful, like bones.
However, the most interesting thing about mangroves is their breeding methods. The seeds of most plants will take root and sprout only when they leave their mother's body and are buried in the soil, but mangroves are not. It did not take root and sprout on the muddy beach, but began to sprout on the mother's body, grew into a rod-shaped seedling and hung on the tree. When it matures, it falls from the tree and inserts into the soil. A few hours later, new buds sprouted at the top, roots took root at the bottom, and a red sapling began to grow. Otherwise, the seeds of mangroves would have been suffocated if they were buried in the mud. If the seeds of mangroves fall at high tide and fall on the water, they will drift around with the water. Ordinary mangrove seeds can be soaked in seawater for 4 months without losing their viability. Therefore, with strong vitality and the flow of seawater, mangroves can cross the ocean and grow in foreign countries.
The unique living environment of mangrove also provides a good place for the reproduction and survival of fish and shrimp. Not only fish, shrimp and crabs grow here, but also wild boar, otter and fox. All kinds of fruits and small fish and shrimp have become their main foods. Rippling on the stream in the forest, you can often see all kinds of waterfowl perching on trees. Therefore, in this respect, mangrove beaches not only have special tourism value, but also have high economic value.
As people pay more and more attention to the protection of the natural environment, it can be predicted that there will be more and better mangrove beaches in subtropical and tropical beaches in China in the near future!
(2) Coconut groves in the eastern suburbs
In various parts of Hainan Island, all kinds of tropical plants grow, especially which seed tree can be seen everywhere.
Coconut trees in Hainan Island are different in the north and the south. Coconut trees growing in the north of the island are thick and short, while coconut trees growing in the south of the island are thin and tall. Coconut trees on the east coast of Hainan Island grow better than those on the west coast. On the coastal zone hundreds of kilometers from Wenchang County to Yaxian County, coconut trees are endless, lush and spectacular. In particular, the coconut grove in the eastern suburb of Wenchang County is known as the "hometown of coconut" and is the leader in the coconut grove in Hainan Island. Visit the coconut grove in the eastern suburbs, and you can enjoy the charming scenery of tropical ocean and coconut grove beach.
It is said that the hometown of coconut is in Malay Peninsula. How they moved to Hainan Island seems to be difficult to verify. However, according to relevant historical records, the history of planting coconut trees in Hainan Island can be traced back to the Han Dynasty at least 2,000 years ago: "Qiongzhou has many coconut leaves. When Zhao was emperor in Hancheng, there was a coconut pad in the treasure, which was more important than the world. " Su Dongpo, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, also liked coconut trees when he was demoted to Hainan Island, especially drinking coconut juice. In his poem, he praised: "Fine wine makes forests, not musical instruments", which means that there are rich natural fine wines in coconut groves, and it is not necessary to rely on Yu Xia-era winemaker Qiu Lai to brew fine wines.
Fresh coconut juice is really a good drink to quench your thirst. However, the use of coconuts goes far beyond this. Coconut oil can be used to make high-grade soap, mechanical lubricating oil or edible oil; Coconut shells can be carved into various handicrafts and made into so-called "coconut carvings". Broken coconut shell is the best activated carbon after pomegranate drying, which can be used as decoloring agent for national defense and industry. Coconut trees have strong water resistance and can be made into brushes, brooms, ropes, sofa fillers and so on. Coconut juice can be used to make sugar, wine and vinegar; Coconut trunks are dark red and have unique patterns, so they are excellent building materials. Coconut leaves can build houses and weave daily necessities; Coconut root has astringent effect, which can stop dysentery and so on. It can be said that coconut trees are full of treasures. In the tourist landscape, coconut trees are slim and graceful, towering into the clouds, dancing with the sea breeze, charming and colorful, with the most tropical scenery; In terms of economic value, it is also widely used and is an important cash crop.
Anyone who has eaten coconut knows that the peel of coconut is divided into three layers, with thin and smooth outer layer, dense texture and good water resistance; The middle layer is thick and loose, full of air and light, floating on the water; The inner layer is hard stone, and there is a layer of white coconut meat and sweet coconut juice in the stone, which provides sufficient nutrients for the growth and development of seeds, and then the seeds of coconut trees are inside. Therefore, coconut trees have a strong floating ability, and they can often drift in the sea for several months, and then settle down on a suitable coast, sprout and take root, blossom and bear fruit, and reproduce. This may explain why most coconut groves grow on beaches.
Coconut trees and eucalyptus are the main tropical crops in Hainan Island, along with oil palm, betel nut, coffee, cocoa, pepper, citronella, sisal, island cotton and cashew nuts. According to the different habits of tropical crops, farmers in Wenchang county carry out three-dimensional cultivation and layered cultivation: sweet grapes are at the top, fruits are like small lanterns, and they are full of skills; The next floor is cocoa and coffee. Cocoa leaves are palm-sized, some are light red, some are dark green, and the fruit looks like bitter gourd, emitting a faint scent; Coffee is shorter than cocoa, and in the lush branches and leaves, clusters of coffee seeds are exposed, like clusters of coral beads; At the bottom are herbal crops, such as taro, sesame and citronella. Of course, coconut trees are the most advanced crops. It and plants such as sweet fruit provide shade for the bottom plant sugarcane, and the bottom plant is used for coconut trees to keep water, fertilizer and soil, and give full play to the characteristics and strengths of various plants.
(3) Dongshanling style
Located in the seaside of Wanning County in the southeast of Hainan Island, there is a mountain peak, which is not high or dangerous, but the scenery is strange and colorful, and it is known as "the first mountain in Hainan". This is Dongshanling. From the east of Dongshan Mountain, there is a seaside lagoon (that is, a huge seaside lake with a passage connected with the sea), just like a mirror, embedded in the seaside of the South China Sea, which is called "the largest lagoon in China", and this is Xiaohai.
Dongshanling, also known as Bijiashan, is a summer resort across the river from Wenfeng Pagoda. There are many boulders on the mountain, and several paths pass through it. Climb along it, or enter a secluded cave, or climb a strange rock, or face a cliff, or see a clear spring. The scenery changes with the pace. As early as the last generation, there were eight beautiful sayings in Dongshanling, such as "Immortal Boat Bound", "Yaotai Watching the Sea" and "Penglai Fairy Cave".
There are three peaks in Dongshan, Fiona Fang, with an altitude of about10km, and the main peak is184m. It is not tall, but stands on a coastal plain, abrupt and tall, very spectacular. At present, Dongshanling Branch of China Travel Agency has been established in Dongshanling with guest rooms and restaurants. Walking more than 100 steps from the travel agency to the east, we arrived at the scenic spot of "Floating Danes in the Sea Eye", slowly contacting each other and trudging to Shi Ding, the Pure Land Stone Temple, which is fragrant. Climb more than 400 stone steps to the north and climb to the top. You can have a panoramic view of Wanning, and the scenery of mountains, seas and lakes is all refreshing. Turn west and you will arrive at the "Yaotai Watching the Sea" scenic spot. Based on the "Wanghaige", you can overlook the looming mainland island, which is famous for producing rare bird's nest. Liudaoling, where the red flag does not fall, stretches under the blue sky and has beautiful scenery; You can also linger in the scenery such as "flying clouds in the crown" and "mountains and rivers". When Li Gang, assistant minister of the Ministry of War of the Song Dynasty, was demoted to Wanzhou, he built a "Chaoyin Temple" under the rock, which made it feel more beautiful in ancient and modern times and set each other off in interest. Walking down the stairs, there are many famous stone carvings such as Huafeng Xianyan, Xianchuan Binsuo, Penglai Fairy Cave and Hainan First Mountain inscribed by Zeng Guangzu in the Ming Dynasty under the shadow of Yun Biao. There are 36 caves under the "immortal ship", some facing the sky, some hidden, and the caves are connected and exquisite, which are called "cave world" because of the wonderful nature of natural sculpture. There is an "overpass" next to the fairy boat. After crossing the overpass, you arrive at the intersection of Heaven and Earth and Overseas Taoyuan. At this time, when I turned and walked through the stone gallery in Taoyuan, I saw a huge stone rising from the ground, which really felt like "Jasper all over the sky". Stepping down the "first step of Cloud Road", the Qingxi section goes around the mountain, and the rock and bamboo support each other, which is beautiful. The scenery of the "Blue Water Around the Dragon" scenic spot is even more pleasing to the eye, fresh and pleasant.
Dongshanling is not only famous for its beautiful scenery and historical sites, but also the "Three Treasures", which is very famous in Hainan. Tian Han, a famous contemporary playwright, once wrote a poem praising the three treasures of Dongshan-sheep, tea and spring. The poem says: "Qiongzhou has many scenic spots, and this mountain is lonely." Sheep fat loves Cao Zhi, and tea is accompanied by a famous spring. "
East goat, strong and tender, thin and fat, odorless. The local people say that the reason why Dong goat grows so well is because it ate Ganoderma lucidum in Dongshan Mountain. Ganoderma lucidum is a hundred herbs in Shan Ye, Dongshan. In addition, there are many boulders and rivers on the mountain. East goats were put in the mountains and let them run and jump to find their own food. Therefore, Dong goat is not as docile as the sheep raised at home, and its meat quality is naturally much more tender and fresh. According to historical records, Dong goat breeding had a certain scale in the Tang Dynasty. It seems that East Goat has a long history.
Dongshan is located on the tropical seashore. The regulation of the ocean, the atmosphere of the hills, abundant rainfall and fertile soil gave birth to the famous tea of Dongshan-partridge tea. Drinking this tea for a long time can refresh the mind and promote diet and fitness. It tastes better with Dongshan spring water.
The spring water in Dongshan is constantly changing and unpredictable, sometimes gurgling out from crevices in the stone and sometimes gurgling out from underground. There are three places where the water potential is large and fixed: the word "the first spring in Hainan" is engraved on the "Feilaishi" next to the lion viewing platform, and the spring water under the stone flows all the year round. There is a pool full of spring water, where fish play, and there is a stone bed and a stove next to the pool. It is said that there was a Taoist priest practicing here in ancient times, so it was called "Xianquan". The other two places: one is in the "sea eye", also known as the "water tripod"; One is behind the travel agency. Dongshan spring, clear and sweet, is a good spring.
On the east coast of Dongshanling, there is a famous lagoon in China. There is a tidal channel between the small sea and the South China Sea, which is the place where the tides rise and fall and the main channel for ships. A little inside the passage, there is a small port, that is, Gangbei Port. Fiona Fang, a small sea dozens of miles away, has a vast water surface and is calm, which is a good place for boating and breeding. At present, he is famous for raising prawns in Xiaohai. After several months of cultivation, the average prawn can grow to more than ten centimeters, with fresh meat and excellent taste. Just like going to Dongshan, you should taste the delicious food of East Goat. Don't forget to taste delicious shrimp when you go to Xiaohai!
(4) South China Sea Macaque Island
Continue southbound from Dongshanling in Wanning County, and you will arrive at Nanwan Peninsula in Lingshui County. Nanwan Peninsula is surrounded by water on three sides, and there is a long and narrow strip connected with land at one end, covering an area of 933 hectares and the highest point is 240 meters above sea level. There are about 25 groups of monkeys living in the evergreen shrub on the peninsula, with a total number of about 1000. It is a natural paradise for macaques and is known as "Monkey Island". Nanwan Peninsula is the only nature reserve in China where monkeys are domesticated.
Landing on Macaque Island seems to be the "Guo Hua" described in The Journey to the West. Here, monkeys are in groups, chasing among trees and rocks, playing in caves of flowers and plants, making noise and even fighting, and enjoying themselves in various ways. The island is rich in plants, rich in fruits, high in coconuts, ripe in mangoes, fragrant in pineapples, and full of carambola, lychee, longan, grapes and pomegranate ... It is called the "Island of Flowers and Fruits", probably worthy of its name!
The macaque living in Nanwan Peninsula is a kind of macaque called rhesus monkey or Guangxi monkey, which is a national second-class protected animal. Monkeys live in two places, each in its own way, dominating one side and not committing crimes against the other. Of course, sometimes there will be fights, so the monkey king of the two groups of monkeys took the lead and fought bravely, winning the respect of the monkeys. Therefore, there are two feeding places for macaques in Nanwan Nature Reserve.
The western restaurant is on a low hillside, where there are some small stone benches and tables with dried sweet potatoes, rice and peanuts on them, which are specially put by domesticated personnel, because macaques like to eat potatoes and all kinds of food besides all kinds of wild fruits on the island. Oriental food farms have similar domestication methods. Now, as long as the animal trainer whistles, macaques will come from all directions and start a delicious meal. It is said that monkeys don't come at all when they are domesticated. Later, after waiting patiently, the macaque gradually began to eat. Soon, the eastern and western monkeys fought for food and were incompatible with each other. Therefore, two food farms were established in the east and west to avoid the war between monkeys.
Monkeys are extremely spiritual animals. According to psychologists, macaques and similar humans have psychological activities. Macaques in Nanwan can distinguish between men and women and are particularly rude to women. For strange men, macaques are scared to death and stay away from them at first sight; Whenever they see a woman, macaques will come forward and shout and scratch, and even stop a passing woman, as if to be indecent. Therefore, in ancient times, there was a saying that monkeys had "sexual intercourse", and I'm afraid it happened for a reason! Macaques are extremely afraid of snakes and dogs. When snakes lurk nearby or dogs come near, they will flee everywhere. However, macaques are not afraid of storms, but when they encounter storms, they still rest in branches or caves as usual.
From the end of 10 to the beginning of February of the following year, it is the estrus mating period of macaques. During this period, the monkey king often occupied the female monkey with his three wives and four concubines, enjoying himself and causing jealousy and hatred among the monkeys. Macaques give birth to one child every year, one child at a time, pregnant for 6 months, mature at the age of 5, and have an average life expectancy of about 30 years.
Macaques are not only rare ornamental animals, but also have extremely high economic value. Its gallstones are called "monkey dates", which can treat nervous system diseases such as malignant tumor, dizziness and headache. This is a very valuable medicine. In Guangdong-style restaurants, you can still taste tonic and delicious food such as monkey brain and monkey meat.
(5) The Deer in Wonderland Return
Luhuitou is about 5 kilometers south of Sanya Port in Ya County. There is a mountain rising here, majestic and steep, with extraordinary momentum. Because it looks like Lu standing on the beach looking back on the past, it is named "Luhuitou" and there is a touching story.
A long time ago, a cruel monk forced Ahei, a Li teenager, to hunt deer in the mountains in order to get a pair of precious velvet antler. Once, Ahei went hunting in the mountains and saw a beautiful sika deer being chased by a leopard. A hei shot the leopard with an arrow and then chased the sika deer. He ran in Kuya for nine days, climbed 99 mountains and chased the coral cliff south of Sanya Bay. Sika deer have no choice but to face the vast South China Sea. At this moment, the young hunter was about to shoot an arrow, when the deer suddenly turned around and gazed with emotion, and turned into a beautiful girl coming towards him, so they got married. Miss Lu invited a group of deer brothers and defeated the cave owner. They settled on the cliff, and after generations of reproduction, they built this coral cliff into a beautiful manor. "Luhuitou" is also famous in the world.
Around the deer head, the villa is hidden in the dense shade. Tall coconut trees grow tall and straight, with elegant posture. On the seashore on both sides of Luhuitou, there is a coral reef platform with a width of 100 meters, on which rocks or deep pits are hidden. On the beach above the platform, there are all coral remains, some still retain coral shapes, and some have been washed into coral sand. Stepping on the white coral beach and overlooking the blue South China Sea makes people feel relaxed and radiant.
There are two small bays in the east of Luhuitou, the big one is called Dadonghai, and the small one is called Xiaodonghai. The beach is soft, white and delicate, and the sea is clear and quiet. People of all ages can go swimming all year round. Compared with Xiuying Beach and other beaches in the north of Hainan Island, the sea water in the East China Sea and the East China Sea are cleaner and the waves are flatter, even better than the famous beaches around the ends of the earth to a great extent. So it can be regarded as the best bathing beach in Hainan Island at present. Recently, it has been reported that Hainan Island is developing a more beautiful beach-Yalong Bay. It is known as "the Hawaiian of China". Even praised it as "not Hawaii, better than Hawaii." It is estimated that in the near future, Hainan will add another beach scenery.
(6) Oriental Hawaii-Yalong Bay
Yalong Bay Beach, which was unknown a few years ago, is now famous at home and abroad for its unique natural scenery and the reputation of "Oriental Hawaii".
Yalong Bay is located about 30 kilometers east of Sanya City. It faces the sea with its back to the mountain. The sea is beautiful, Ji Xiang, Sha Ou. The white soft beach is more than 7000 meters long and 100 meters wide. The beach is flat and there are five small cliffs outside the bay. The bay is calm and very suitable for bathing in the sea. There is no winter here all the year round. The annual average temperature is 25℃, the summer average temperature is 28℃, and the winter average temperature is not lower than 20℃. Due to the influence of the Philippine warm current, the seawater temperature has remained above 20℃ all the year round. So Yalong Bay is suitable for swimming all year round. Even in the dead of winter, the northern part of the motherland is still frozen in Wan Li, and the snow is floating in Wan Li, while Yalong Bay Beach can enjoy the beach, sea water, sunshine, coconut, watermelon and ice cream naked.
Yalong Bay is also an underwater garden. Because of its warm water temperature, clear seawater, high transparency and moderate salinity, you can see colorful underwater coral landscape as long as you dive into the water a few meters deep. Living coral spots, like blooming flowers, dance with the water wherever they flow, and their posture is particularly beautiful. There are many kinds of corals, such as white chrysanthemum coral, pink lotus coral, light yellow mushroom coral and crimson peony coral, which are really colorful and spectacular.
Sneaking under the sea, you can not only watch colorful coral reefs, but also catch marine animals such as lobsters. Long and strong lobsters can weigh several kilograms and reach 60 to 70 centimeters in length. They have hard shells, bright colors and slow movements. They often come out for food at night, but they are in coral reefs during the day. In Hainan, fishermen who specialize in diving and catching shrimps say that catching lobsters is the most interesting thing.
The name of Yalong Bay is said to be related to a folklore. According to legend, a long time ago, there lived two dragons, a green dragon and a black dragon, in the depths of the South China Sea. They fought with each other for the position of the Dragon King for more than ten days and nights, making the water waves churn and the clouds gather and disperse. One day, Qinglong picked up a huge pearl while the black dragon was unprepared and threw it at the black dragon. Seeing that the situation was not good, the black dragon opened its huge mouth and tried to swallow the pearl. But the giant ball hit the black dragon's front teeth and knocked down the dragon's teeth, and the black dragon reluctantly escaped. But that time Leo landed on this beach and became today's "Yalong Bay".
(7) Tianya and Haijiao
24 kilometers west of Sanya Town, Ya County, there is one of the most famous tourist attractions-Tianya Haijiao.
Tianya Haijiao, formerly known as Xiamaling, goes south to Sanya Bay. On the beach, there are many grotesque stones, or in groups, or isolated stones, scattered on the beach thousands of meters long. Among them, there is a round boulder with the word "Tianya" engraved on it, and the word "Cape" is also engraved on a lying stone next to it, which constitutes the main body of Tianya Haijiao tourist area. On the left side of the two stones, a stone pillar rises from the ground and is very powerful. It is engraved with the four characters "Southern Sky Column". At high tide, the waves beat against the rocks, splashing layers of snow waves and making a loud noise. Tourists come here in person and really feel the end of the sky and the corner of the sea.
On the long beach near the ends of the earth, there are many grotesque stones scattered, some like tigers, some like turtles, some like frogs, and some like wild boars ... with different expressions and lifelike. On the flat and wide beach, the sand is soft and hot, the waves are warm, there is no winter and summer all year round, and the water temperature is suitable. This is an ideal bathing beach.
The sea here is clean and transparent, and snorkeling enthusiasts can enjoy colorful underwater scenery as long as they dive to a few meters deep. Among the colorful corals, white jade-like chrysanthemum coral, pink lotus coral, vermilion peony coral and pale yellow mushroom coral all shine brilliantly and compete with each other. Coupled with all kinds of strange but particularly lovely tropical fish, shrimp and seaweed, it forms a magical and beautiful "underwater garden".