Environmental factors lead to. Simply put, it is natural selection to better adapt to the environment.
People living in the African environment, in order to constantly adapt to the African environment, so the skin color evolved into black. The content of melanin in skin is high, which can absorb ultraviolet rays from the sun and protect the internal structure of skin from damage; The density of sweat glands on the body surface is particularly high, which can maintain normal body temperature or recover quickly when it is extremely hot; The nose is low and wide, the nostril passage is short, the lips are thick, the mouth is cracked, and the body hair is less, which is convenient for heat dissipation; Hair is curly like wool, so that there are many gaps around every curly hair, and the gaps are full of air, which leads to poor heat transfer. Therefore, curly hair has the function of heat insulation and protects the mind from harm. These are all physiological structures that have evolved under environmental factors to better adapt to the environment.
White people originated in cold areas, where the sunlight is oblique, the light is weak and the ultraviolet rays are weak. Local residents have low melanin content and light skin color. The body is stout and tall, reducing heat loss; The nose is high and narrow, and the nostril passage is long to preheat the inhaled cold air; The hair on the body surface is thick, which can prevent cold.
The yellow race is in the middle, which is a transitional form
In terms of physiological structure and advantages. The advantage of black people in sports is particularly obvious.
Physical advantages: Black people have short trunk, long limbs, long arms of upper limbs, thick thighs and thin calves of lower limbs, excellent torque between feet and legs, and generally inclined hips. Because black people have long lower limbs, their center of gravity is higher than other races, their center of gravity is high, and their stability angle is reduced, which is beneficial to speed and flexibility. Leg length is beneficial to running, which can make the ends of limbs get greater linear velocity, which is beneficial to pedaling, thus obtaining greater supporting reaction. Under the condition of the same weight and internal organs, the skeleton of black people is about 5 cm longer than that of other races. Black players of Cuban women's volleyball team were tested. Their average height is 65,438 0.789 meters, their arm length is 65,438 0.9 meters, and the longest is 2.02 meters ... The ratio of black arm elongation is higher than that of other races. This figure makes them have an absolute advantage in ball games, track and field, boxing and other projects, but they are at a disadvantage in weightlifting, gymnastics and other projects. For example, when black athletes lift weights, they lift heavy objects to the top of their heads, and their limbs are slender and unfavorable. At this point, they are much inferior to the yellow race, because the yellow race is mostly cylindrical and easy to lift weights. Many experts believe that the explosive force will be very strong when the hips are upturned, so the ability to sprint and bounce is good. Because the hips are upturned, the muscle length of the hips and legs is increased, and more strength is generated when contracting. Stretching muscles can also increase the action time of strength in hips and legs. The foot structure of black people is also different from other races. Generally speaking, the big toe is the longest, while the second toe of the black is the longest, and the calcaneus is large, the arch of the foot is high, the soles of the feet are thick and fleshy, and the whole foot is like a pair of elastic boots. Because the muscles on the soles of black people's feet are well developed, the muscles on their feet are very strong. According to researchers' tests, the muscle strength in black feet is 150-200 kg, that in yellow feet is 100 kg, and that in white feet is 50 kg. If the same leg pedal force acts on the ground, the elasticity of blacks is 3-4 times higher than that of whites. So black people are invincible in track and field, especially in sprint. In addition, the black heel is longer. According to the test, the average length of heel key of Cuban black women's volleyball players is 25.9 cm and the longest is 29 cm.
Explosive power and endurance: Black people have more white muscles and less red muscles than other races. Muscle fibers are divided into red muscle and white muscle according to different colors. White muscle cells have more mitochondria and more energy supply, so white muscle or people who are mainly white muscle belong to explosive players. Red muscle cells can provide energy evenly and continuously, so people with red muscles or mainly red muscles have stronger endurance and belong to endurance athletes. The muscles of black athletes are mainly white muscles, which are suitable for sprint events. There are many red muscles in the muscles of Europeans and Americans, which are suitable for endurance and antagonistic sports. Some people say that Tai Sen is an explosive player by nature. Doctors in the former Soviet Union thought that the outbreak of Tai Sen was far worse than others, because Tai Sen's white muscle was far worse than others, but with more white muscle, there were fewer red muscles, so Tai Sen's innate endurance was insufficient.
Black men and women are not good at swimming: blacks have higher bone density than other races, but less fat than other races. Lighter bones and less fat make the proportion of blacks larger. The density of adult organs is only that the density of fat is less than that of water, while the density of bones is the largest, which is greater than that of water, so buoyancy is directly related to the amount of fat. In water, the muscle weight per cubic centimeter of white people is only 1.5g, while that of black people is11.3g. So in water, black people need to make more efforts than white people to solve the problem of body floating. The specific gravity is large and the buoyancy is small.
The radiation and heat dissipation function of blackbody is superior to that of other races. People's body temperature will inevitably rise during exercise. If a person can't regulate his body temperature well, the internal environment will not be normal, and the destruction of electrolyte balance will affect the normal function of the nervous system. The study of black people's metabolism shows that black people have more sweat glands than white people, so black people's skin cools faster than white people's, and the perspiration mechanism is more perfect. In a room with a room temperature of 37.8℃, after a series of specified actions, blacks sweat less than whites. However, after staying at high temperature (76.50℃) for 15 minutes, black people sweat more than ten times as much as white people. The results show that blackbody has strong radiation and heat dissipation function, which not only has the morphological advantages of heat dissipation system, but also has obvious differences with the content of trace elements in human body. Black people's generous lips, short and thick nasal cavity and well-developed sweat glands are all conducive to emitting body heat and regulating body temperature. And the percentage of copper in black blood is higher than that in Europe. This is because copper plays a catalytic role in the formation of melanin. The difference in tolerance to the sudden increase in temperature caused by drought has been revealed in infancy, such as the raging dry-hot wind blowing from the Sahara desert to Senegal and Sudan, which caused a large number of white babies to die, but it had no special impact on black babies.
Black athletes recover quickly after muscle fatigue: the content of red blood cells in black blood per cubic millimeter is higher than that of other races. Black people have more than 6 million red blood cells per cubic millimeter, which is higher than other races 1 0,000-10.5 million. The more red blood cells, the higher the hemoglobin content. The main function of hemoglobin is to carry oxygen to tissues to oxidize energy substances and release energy for physical activities. When the human body is exercising, hemoglobin can increase the oxygen supply and expel the metabolites lactic acid and carbon dioxide in the body.
Blacks can be divided into African blacks, African blacks and Asian blacks.
Black Americans are tall and have long limbs. Muscle biopsy shows that African-American athletes have a high percentage of muscle fibers, so they don't consume too much oxygen in sprints. Therefore, African-American sprints, boxing and other projects are invincible. Among them, black people in North America are outstanding in basketball, track and field and boxing, while black people in South America are unparalleled in football and jumping.
African blacks have lived in the African plateau for a long time, which has created the greatest oxygen absorption capacity of this species, and its cardiopulmonary function is obviously superior to other races, including African blacks. Fix believes that all blacks in West Africa seem to have some innate advantages. Their muscles adapt to the life in tropical climate, their achilles tendon is long, there is almost no subcutaneous fat insulation in their skin, and the ratio of strength to weight is reasonable. For thousands of years, they have been living in the plateau, and the air is thin, which is extremely beneficial to the exercise of human oxygen absorption ability. This is mainly represented by black people in Kenya, who have an absolute advantage in endurance events such as middle and long distance running.
It can be seen that this is not the use of hormones that leads to different results. It's the gap of congenital physiological structure, like a fat man and a thin man. Fat people have fat and "capital" to build strong muscles, but thin people don't. No matter how hard you practice, because there is no "container" on your body, you can't support too many muscles, but fat people can.
Then we said that bodybuilding in China is more difficult than in Europe and America, which is for sure. Even if hormones are used, yellow people will not surpass Europeans and Americans at the same dose, unless some genes are mutated, such as a congenital muscle disease. The reason is that the mutated gene prevents the production of a protein called myostatin, which in turn promotes the rapid development of its muscle tissue. Of course, this will affect your health. )
I hope it helps you. You're welcome ~ ~! ! ! (I hope I can classify the problem as "martial arts fighting", thank you very much ~! )