Friendship is more important than the result of the game, and it is also the ultimate goal of noble civilization pursued by golf. The following is the composition of golf courses I collected for you for your reference, hoping to help friends in need.
Names of various parts of the stadium:
Three-way box:
The area of the first shot of each hole. Most courses have many tees to suit people of different levels. The back tee is specially prepared for the highest level players. The tee will extend the fairway length as much as possible to reach the maximum number of yards. The middle tee is for average level players. The tee in front is the territory of most women and elderly players (no matter which tee you choose, everyone should aim at the same green).
Fairway:
A well-manicured lawn between the tee and the fruit age.
Shopping cart path:
-Roads around the course for official golf carts. As long as no one in charge tells you to park somewhere else, your cart should be parked in this driveway.
Rough area (rough):
Tall and dense grass grows on both sides of the fairway and around the green.
Bunker:
The concave obstacles on the court, usually covered with sand (although sometimes there is grass), usually appear around the green, but sometimes they also appear on the fairway.
Water hazard:
Ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, etc. In the middle or on the side of the fairway.
Green edge:
Rooted turf around the putter area. The grass on the edge of the green is slightly higher than the green.
Green:
A lawn specially designed for playing near each hole, where a hole is dug and a flagpole is inserted.
Forbidden area:
The forbidden area of golf courses is usually marked with white columns. If the ball is out of bounds, one stroke will be penalized, and the next stroke will start from the position of the previous stroke.
Hole type
The decisive factor of hole type is par. The par represents the number of strokes an experienced golfer should play after playing a hole. There are three kinds of holes: par three, par four and par five. The number of yards of each hole determines its par number.
The approximate length of each hole (different from that of professional players) is given below.
Par three-less than 2 10 yards for women and less than 250 yards for men.
Four strokes) ── 2 1 1 ~ 400 yards for women and 25 1 ~ 470 yards for men.
Five strokes) ── 40 1 ~ 575 yards for women and 47 1 ~ 690 yards for men.
You may also hear people use the word "dog leg" to describe a par 4 or par 5 hole, which refers to the shape of the hole, because this kind of hole often turns right (as shown in the picture) or left, and the bending range is quite large.
A little knowledge:
The longest course in the United States is Pines Course of the International Golf Club in Bolton, Massachusetts, with a length of 8,325 yards. The fifth hole is a par-5 hole with a length of 7 15 yards and a par-3 hole with a length of 277 yards. 18 hole is 656 yards long.
design specification
Planning programming
(1) Adjust measures to local conditions and make full use of natural landform planning and layout. It is necessary to make the plane planning of the stadium conform to the local conditions and the multi-functional use requirements of the stadium. It is necessary to transform the terrain to ensure beautiful scenery, good drainage and water control.
(2) The stadium construction should be implemented by stages, combining distance and distance. The rationality of phased construction and the feasibility analysis of economic construction must be in place and clearly defined.
(3) The planning and design of the stadium should not only meet the functional requirements of competition and entertainment, but also consider the sustainable development and multi-level needs.
(4) The space design of the stadium must be combined with plane planning, terrain transformation, vertical planning and design, road design, ecological green space design, water resources management and water supply and drainage lines, so as to carry out space form analysis planning and multi-angle control space design.
(5) The traffic routes and road systems in the stadium should be separated inside and outside, that is, the entertainment services and domestic logistics routes should not overlap.
(6) The planning and layout of underground pipelines and cables should be unified, comprehensive pipeline planning should be carried out, and underground engineering of comprehensive pipelines should be built.
Demand pattern
(1) Standard golf courses are generally equipped with 18 holes (holes). And is divided into an outer ring and an inner ring.
(2) Each tee consists of tee, fairway (also called fairway) and green lawn.
18 hole, the total length should be controlled at 6002 ~ 6400 mm. When playing, generally, two holes will be played in the first set, five holes in the fourth set and two holes in the fifth set, and 36 sets will be played inside and outside each time, and 72 sets will be decided by * *.
(3) Stadium planning and area
Planning 18 golf course, with an area of 50 ~ 75ha. Nine golf courses with an area of 20 ~ 30 ha are planned. For bases with large terrain fluctuation or many rivers and ponds, the terrain coefficient is required to be 1.3 ~ 1.7.
(4) arrangement of ball holes
The 18 holes of a standard golf course should be arranged in sequence, and the ball should be circled according to the inner hole and the outer hole respectively when playing, which is called the inner ring and the outer ring. Therefore, the first and tenth points, ninth and tenth points, ninth and eighteenth points should be arranged near the entrance of the club hall, so that players can change clothes and rest nearby and replenish drinks and food.
According to the actual terrain order, the holes can be arranged back and forth, end to end, circularly, or interspersed with the environment, and the layout is interesting. At the same time, pay attention to the direction and direction of hitting the ball to avoid dazzling light.
Fairway design: The length layout is between 100 yard (9 1.4m) and 600 (550m), and the length can be adjusted according to actual needs.
The fairway is a piece of land between the service holes, and the fairway is 60 yards wide (≈55 meters). On both sides of the fairway, the design experience shows that the original natural undulating terrain can be used to increase a group of obstacles to prevent the ball from going out of bounds, and trees or shrubs can be planted or even soil can be piled.
(5) The full name of green lawn is golf hole green space.
This is the plane entry range of the golf ball after falling, which is generally round or oval in shape, with an area of about 500 ~ 1000m2. The hole is located in the center, the ground should be flat and elastic, the grass height on the surface layer should be ≥ 10mm, and the hole is arranged in the center of the lawn (D = 100 mm, H = 2000). The resulting terrain has an external slope of ≮5% and a surrounding terrain height of ≤ 0.5 ~ 3.0m ..
Site selection construction
(1) golf course location
Golf courses are generally located on open gentle slopes in hilly areas, covering an area of 65~75 hectares, depending on the number of holes. Specific site selection requirements are as follows:
1, terrain requirements. The land used in the base should not be too rugged or steep, and some natural features such as gentle slope and water surface can be reserved in the base as the barrier of the stadium.
2. Soil requirements. The fairways and greens of golf courses need to be planted with high-quality turf, so it is very important to analyze and treat the soil. Sandy soil is an ideal soil for golf courses. Whether the soil nutrients have been exhausted by the original crops and whether they can meet the needs of planting turf should be considered in detail when selecting the site, which is conducive to future maintenance and management.
3. Convenient transportation. Golf courses should have convenient transportation conditions, usually close to highways or urban main roads.
4. Adequate water sources. Large area lawn maintenance of golf course needs a lot of water, and sufficient water supply is an important factor affecting golf course maintenance.
5. The environment is elegant. Golf courses should choose areas with elegant environment and pleasant climate, such as lakes, forests, scenic spots and hillsides.
(2) Key points of stadium design
The design of golf course has certain flexibility, which is different from other sports venues. There is no fixed and strict scale requirement, as long as the number of strokes per hole and the length of fairway are basically met. Golf courses are generally selected in areas with natural terrain. Therefore, an important principle of design is to adjust measures to local conditions, skillfully use the original terrain for on-site planning and design, make full use of the original natural landscapes such as tombs, mountains, lakes and woodlands, and combine the competition requirements of Gaoer Stadium to minimize the amount of earthwork and carry out comprehensive planning and design. This not only saves investment, but also easily forms its own characteristics. Pursuing individuality is a major feature of golf course design. There are no two identical golf courses in the world. In order to attract more members, each golf course department has conducted in-depth research on the creation of its own characteristics.
1, tee design: Tees have various shapes, such as rectangle, square and ellipse. In addition, semicircle, circle, S-shape and L-shape are also commonly used. —The general area is 30—150m2, which is 0.3 ~ 1.0m higher than the surrounding area to facilitate drainage and increase the visibility of the batter. The surface is trimmed short grass, which requires the lawn to have a certain hardness and a smooth surface. Although the tee area is small, the track is heavy, which requires the surface water to be quickly removed, and it should have a certain flatness from the service point of view, generally taking a slight slope of L%-2%.
2. Fairway design: the north-south direction is the ideal fairway direction, and the fairway is generally 90-550 meters long; The width varies from 30 meters to 55 meters, and the average width is about 4 1 meter.
3. Green design
A. The green is the core area of the golf course. The size, shape, outline and surrounding bunkers of each green have their own characteristics, creating rich challenges and fun. The height of the green lawn should be 5.0-6.4 mm, and it should be even and flat.
B. green drainage. Surface water on the green should be discharged from two or more directions. The terrain design of the green should make the drainage line of surface water avoid the direction of people flow. Most slopes of the green should not exceed 3% to ensure the direction of the ball after hitting the ball.
C. practice green. The practice green is a special practice place for golfers to practice hitting the ball into the hole. The practice green is usually located near the golf club and the first tee. It shall be possible to set 9- 18 holes and their replacement positions. The surface of the green should have a certain slope. 3% is also appropriate. In order to ensure the quality of practice greens, a golf course should be equipped with two or more practice greens for rotation.
4. Obstacle area: Obstacle area is generally composed of bunkers, pools and trees, in order to punish athletes for not hitting the ball correctly. It is much more difficult to hit the ball out of the obstacle course than to hit it into the fairway.
A. bunker The general area of bunkers is 140 ~ 380 square meters, and some bunkers can be as high as 2400 square meters. Most golf courses with 18 holes have 40-80 bunkers, which can be determined according to the needs of playing and the designer's design ideas. The bunker setting on the court should conform to the natural strategy, so that players can think of the correct position of the tee. Usually, the position of fairway bunker is determined by the distance of tee-off in the championship. The location of the bunker should be determined according to the drainage characteristics of the site. Coal bunker should have good above-ground and underground drainage conditions. In areas with low terrain, sufficient underground drainage or good seepage conditions under the bunker, the bunker can be built below the grass surface. From the perspective of maintenance and management, the bunker on one side of the green should be set at a distance of 3-3.7 meters from the green lawn to facilitate the passage of construction machinery and prevent the sand in the bunker from being blown to the lawn by the wind. The sand thickness in the bunker at the grass-roots level of the green should be at least. The sand thickness of fairway bunker is relatively shallow. The requirements for sand used in the bunker of Gower Stadium are strict, and more than 75% of the sand has a particle size of 0.25-0.5mm (medium sand). It is best to choose angular sand for sand. The color of sand should be white, brown or light gray. But it is necessary to avoid that the sand is too white to see the sphere clearly.
B. swimming pool The pool is not only an obstacle to hitting the ball, but also plays a very good beautification role. The swimming pool can be designed in a single fairway or shared by several fairways 1 swimming pool. Sometimes, the table or green is located on an island surrounded by water, which increases the difficulty and fun of hitting the ball and enriches the fairway landscape. Poolside is suitable for beautifying the environment. You can build a small bridge and a pavilion. When the area is large and the water source is sufficient, a fountain or waterfall can be planned.
5. logo tree. The sign tree in the golf course is planted to enable the golfer to calculate the location of the ball when hitting the ball. It is often planted at a distance of 50, 100, 150, 200 yards (1 yard =0.9 144 meters) from the tee, and can be planted at 50 and 65438 positions.
6. Others. In addition to the above aspects, golf course design generally includes driving range, clubhouse and rest pavilion, which can be set flexibly according to specific conditions.
In terms of court area, 18 fairway is planned from dozens of hectares of land. The average 18 hole course consists of 4 short holes, 4 long holes and 10 middle holes, with a par of 72. However, if there are differences between topography and land area, par can be between 72 and 3. In other words, the par of 18 hole is acceptable between 69 and 75. Under the designer who is good at planning, the function of the whole stadium 18 hole can make full use of the whole 14 club group.
The distances between short holes, middle holes and long holes are specified as follows:
Short hole -Par3, less than 250 yards in length.
Middle hole -Par4, the length is between 25 1 and 470 yards.
Long hole-Par5, with the length exceeding 47 1 yard.
Design data
The functional composition of golf course: golf course, leisure vacation.
A. Club area: reception, office, management and logistics supply, which is the center of the club.
A. Main building of the clubhouse: reception desk, equipment warehouse, equipment rental room, caddy room, member room (for rest, dressing and meeting), public recreation room, gym, restaurant, bar, bathroom, medical treatment and office management.
B. Training venues: golf school, swing driving range and practice green.
C. sports facilities: tennis courts, swimming pools, etc.
D. Parking lot: 200 to 300 parking spaces (depending on the scale).
B fairway area: accounting for more than 95% of the golf course area, it is composed of lawn, water surface, trees and bunkers.
A. tee: flat and fine turf with a platform or step shape.
Blue serve line: professional men's white serve line: professional women's red serve line, amateur men: amateur women.
B fairway: connecting the area between the tee and the green, and multiple obstacles can be set.
Fairway length refers to the distance from the service line to the hole. Short fairway (short hole) within 230 meters, par 3; The middle distance fairway (middle hole) is between 230 m and 430 m, and the par is 4; Long fairway (long hole) over 43 1 m, par 5.
Standard golf course *** 18 holes, with a total of 72 strokes.
C. Green: The place where the hole is located is a carefully trimmed short grass lawn, generally 500 to 700 square meters.
Form: battery, shell, platform, etc. There are also double greens for featured courses.
Composition: putting area of green (grass height 5 mm); Ridge circle (a circle around the putting area, grass height 1 to1.5cm); Ling Wei (fairway part in front of Linghuan); Ridge area (high grass area on both sides and behind the ridge circle).
Hole: diameter 10.8cm, depth 10.2cm, with iron or plastic cups inside.
D. Obstacles: water surface, sand pit and tall grass area.
Water surface: lakes, oceans, ponds, rivers, streams, swamps, etc.
Bunkers: They are distributed around the green and in the fairway, each with its own shape. Generally, each 150 to 400 square meters, and there are 40 to 70 bunkers on the standard course.
Tall grass area: all areas except tee, fairway and green.
C. Lawn management area
The stadium can be adjacent to tourist attractions, and nearby sports facilities such as holiday villas can be matched to diversify its functions.
Design points: comprehensive site planning, fairway route and obstacle design, green shape and obstacle design, site fluctuation design and club service function.
The standard golf course is about 5943.6m-6400.8m, covering an area of 60 hectares. There are 18 caves in the golf course with a depth of 0. 102m, a diameter of 0. 108m and a distance of 91.44-548.64m. There are also four natural or artificial obstacles in the golf course. Due to the constraints of venue, transportation distance, price, time and other factors, the construction cost of golf courses is high and the area is large, so the state has stopped approving the reconstruction. The appearance of golf driving range solved this problem.
Brief introduction of golf course
Golf course is a necessary place to play golf. A standard golf course includes 18 holes, and each hole has a specified number of strokes, which is called standard stroke, and the standard stroke is 72 strokes. There are tees, fairways, greens and obstacles such as long grass, bunkers and pools in the stadium.
On July 20 14, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Land and Resources and other 1 1 central ministries and commissions jointly issued the Notice on Implementing Measures for Cleaning and Renovation of Golf Courses, requiring golf courses all over the country to be dealt with according to the four requirements of banning, withdrawing, revoking and rectifying.
20 17 12 1, the standard English name of golf course was formally implemented.
It is understood that by the end of 2020, the total number of golf courses in China will be reduced from 689 to 449, of which 240 have been closed, accounting for 34.8% of the total.
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