1. Introduction
China has been a unified multi-ethnic country since ancient times. All ethnic groups constantly communicate, influence and supplement each other in politics, economy, science and technology, ideology, culture, literature and art, which has cast a splendid civilization of the Chinese nation and promoted the continuous development of China's history. In particular, the colorful and different styles of traditional national sports created by all ethnic groups have cast the national spirit of the Chinese nation.
2. The macro background of the formation of traditional sports of ethnic minorities in China.
First of all, in the process of establishing the territory of the motherland, 56 ethnic groups have formed inseparable flesh-and-blood ties in politics, culture and lifestyle, which has provided a social foundation for the emergence and development of colorful and distinctive national sports.
Secondly, the evolution of traditional sports of ethnic minorities can not be separated from the constraints of natural conditions. The main body of China's traditional culture developed in the cradle of the valley plain. It has chosen a development path that is different from both marine peoples (such as ancient Greece and Rome) and nomadic peoples (such as ancient Arabs), and has taken agricultural economy as the starting point for building civilization from the very beginning. Finally, it evolved into a highly developed and extremely mature agricultural cultural form, from which different cultural traditions were propagated, casting the unique world concept and cultural psychology of the Chinese nation.
Third, the Chinese nation is made up of many nationalities. Cultural history is the history of human homosexuality. The goal of cultural choice is the realization of value goal, and the intersection and integration of nationalities is the renewal and development of nationalities. At the same time, ethnic minorities have inherited the unified cultural accumulation of the Chinese nation in the process of cultural renewal and development, and played an original role in creating China culture for them. Rich and colorful national culture is the advantage and cultural resource of this territory, which provides soil for the formation of traditional sports of ethnic minorities. 3. Basic elements of the formation of traditional sports of ethnic minorities in China.
3. 1 totem worship
Totem worship is a primitive form of worship, which regards a particular animal, plant or other inanimate features as clan ancestors and clan symbols in the primitive consciousness. As early as 4,000 or 5,000 years ago, people were able to build and sail ships long ago, because they produced the tools needed for labor and war. However, primitive fishing and hunting industries and agriculture are often affected by disastrous weather and even shipwrecks. In the face of this irresistible natural force, the Miao people living in Zeguo, an ancient water town, can only hope for the protection of the gods, so they decorate dragon totems in front of the boat in order to pray for the blessing of the gods, in order to have good weather, have plenty of food and clothing, and eliminate disasters, and then evolve into national unity, contact friendship, cultural exchanges and so on. It vividly illustrates the relationship between human beings and a natural thing, is the initial expression of the relationship between human beings and nature, is the initial exploration of human beings and national culture, and contains extremely valuable national sports buds.
3.2 the pursuit of the value of life
The emergence and end of life triggered the ancient people's philosophical thinking about the existence of life. In the Yin Dynasty in the 6th century BC, China philosophers began to study life and body movements. In the thoughts of the Yin Dynasty, they were full of hope for their own health and expressed anxiety and anxiety about the fate of the disease. In order to pursue longevity and avoid premature death, the sages explored the essence and harmony of life, and thought that man was condensed by "Qi". Qi is the substance of human life. The Yi people's great classic "Southwest Yi Records" holds that "combined with food, human beings will be free". "Harmony with food" is the qi of clearing yang and turbid qi, and people are the combination of these two qi. The primitive ancestors of Naxi and Dai also believed that people were made of qi, and this view that inanimate objects were regarded as "the essence of life" was the earliest exploration of "the essence of life". "Everything is negative and holds Yang, and the spirit of Yin and Yang thinks that it is harmonious". The qi of yin and yang fills the universe and also exists in human beings. Heaven and earth are popular in one breath, and heaven and man complement each other and feel each other. Although the ancient people's understanding of "Qi" was vague, they were all very valuable. Zhuangzi, a native of Mengcheng, Anhui Province, said in his book "Zhuangzi's Random Thoughts": "Bears borrow birds to stretch out and live for themselves." Among them, the action of the bear reaching over the bird describes the simulated action of people in sports activities at that time, which is used to exercise and live a long and healthy life. Hua Tuo's "Five-Animal Play" is to enhance physical activity through the running, jumping, standing, rolling, turning and flying of animals. It shows the simple materialistic outlook on life in ancient times. Similarly, China's traditional health and fitness life is also influenced by the concept of unified culture, paying special attention to both form and spirit. Under the guidance of the idea of "harmony between man and nature", we should achieve the same environment with "heaven, earth and god" by building a road, and we should "explain with our hearts, adjust our spirits with our minds, promote our shapes with our gods, and combine our shapes with our spirits". In the pre-Qin period, we emphasized that "man is born with the essence of heaven, and the shape of the earth and their combinations are human beings", and put forward "four limbs" Hui people who believe in Islam study hygiene habits, which is unmatched by other ethnic groups. As one of the "five pillars of Islam", the worship ceremony has a set of complete and effective health care methods, which not only achieves the purpose of religious worship, but also plays an effective role in fitness. The formation and ceremony of this religion laid the foundation for its good lifestyle, thus promoting people's health. It can be seen that due to the development of positive "life value" theory, it is necessary to develop the understanding of sports value and form a unique health care mode and national sports activity mode in China.
3.3 Religious belief
Religion is an integral part of culture, which is closely related to other components of culture. Especially in the early and middle period of human society, religion is the main part of human culture to a certain extent, from which many other cultural forms have evolved, and every nation that believes in it will leave a deep imprint on politics, economy and culture. "Yunnan know slightly. Folklore of Various Foreigners records: "The last time on May 15th was a sacrifice to Yim Ho. Hundreds of men moved, and everyone danced with their own hands for fun". Also, "white seedlings-you must choose a fat cow before you worship your ancestors and feed it to the head." Is the battle to win the battle. If you win, you will have the blessing of sacrifice and the joy of family songs. " Religious connotation accounts for a large part in this kind of movement. Another example is the religious content in the sacrificial activities of Tibetans, Yugurs and other ethnic groups in Tibetan Buddhism-"Sacrificing Ebo" implies a strong national sports component. Sacrificing Ebo is to sacrifice mountain gods and wealth gods. The temple is located halfway up the mountain at the junction of the mountain and the two mountains. After the Lama finishes reading the scriptures, the worshippers should put on new clothes and start climbing mountains. This is essentially a mountaineering activity, which means to pray for the safety and prosperity of people and animals in the coming year. "Temple-Visiting Meeting" is a prayer meeting held by the main Tibetan Buddhist institutions in Turkey. At the temple fair, besides religious ceremonies, there are religious activities such as "rolling mang tea" by religious believers. The most attractive activity is the temple Lama's "jumping over the ridge", commonly known as "jumping over the temple", which is the early evolution of "choosing what to do" in Turkish national sports activities. It can be seen that both the Lama Temple and the Tibetan Buddhist Temple are the main places for religious people's cultural and sports activities, where people celebrate religious festivals, exchange information and increase friendship. It is in the subtle influence of national culture that the germination of national traditional sports appears while further strengthening religious feelings.
3.4 War Disputes and Combating Foreigners
The ethnic minorities in China, whether they have a population of over one million or a population of only a few thousand, have experienced a historical development process from decentralization to independence and from war to peace. The traces of history are deeply imprinted in traditional national sports activities. The Mongols in the northern nationalities originated from a tribe of Wang Jianhe (now the south bank of Ergon River) in the 7th century A.D., and experienced long-term war disputes. It can be said that the history of Mongols is full of the color of war. They are a people living on horseback. This historical background not only makes them become a nation good at riding and shooting, but also makes national sports related to horses and war. Wrestling, horse racing, equestrian and Gui You Qi are all related to war. Traditional national sports are linked with the fate of the motherland and endowed with a sense of national identity. After 1840, the feudal society in China gradually became a semi-feudal and semi-colonial society. In order to fight against foreign invaders and the Qing Dynasty which humiliated the country, huge peasant rebels appeared all over China. They set up martial arts schools, adopted the organizational form of folk martial arts, gathered mass training teams, and set up folk martial arts groups such as knife clubs, sword clubs, gun clubs and Boxers. At the critical moment when the nation is facing life and death, we should give full play to the role of traditional folk sports-martial arts, take up broadswords and spears, and fight to the death to protect our country and defend our country, thus writing an epic patriotic chapter for safeguarding the territorial integrity of the Chinese nation.
3.5 Production tools and lifestyle
China is a traditional agricultural country. In order to expand the livable environment and improve the quality of life, people keep marching into nature with perseverance and wisdom. In the process of competing with nature, both the southern and northern nationalities have different forms of natural problems, and South Africa hopes that they will constantly overcome these problems. The process of overcoming natural problems is the process of forming production, life content and lifestyle, and sports activities naturally evolve gradually in this process. For example, the race in the south of the Yangtze River, the skating in the north, the camel race in the desert, the race walking in the mountains and the imitation riding and shooting in the jungle all retain the brand of students' certain production tools, living tools and lifestyle under the regional conditions. With the evolution of local folk culture, these various sports activities with distinctive local characteristics have been studied so far.
4. Development of traditional sports of ethnic minorities in China.
As an integral part of the world sports culture, the traditional sports of ethnic minorities in China is not only a deep-rooted and stable spiritual culture, but also constantly changes its specific structural style and presents colorful differences in historical changes. So that in religious forms, happy harvest, weddings, funerals and various festivals, traditional national sports are indispensable, and the frequency of various sports activities is unmatched by other cultures. Mongolian wrestling, Uygur girl chasing, Korean swing, Hui wooden ball, Dai bamboo pole jumping, Miao knife ladder, alpine basketball and Qiang putter all embody the wisdom of the people of the whole country. This cultural trait, which is the most representative in the national cultural system, prominently reproduces national characteristics, national psychology and national consciousness.
In recent years, various forms of national games organized by the state and local governments have greatly developed the traditional sports of ethnic minorities. The 1 National Ethnic Games is held every four years, with a larger scale and more colorful events. The formulation of a large number of national sports rules has laid a good foundation for the promotion and exchange of national sports and standardized the development of national sports. At the same time, under the guidance of the party's policy of enriching the people, the national economy has developed rapidly, laying a solid foundation for the socialization of national traditional sports. With the increase of farmers' income, ethnic sports activities organized by "family as the leader" are widespread in northwest minority areas, accounting for 18% of the whole country. This result is bound to lead to the emergence of the development model of ethnic sports in ethnic minority areas with China characteristics, with the household contract responsibility system as the main body, so as to organically combine state-run and ethnic-run, social-run and collective-run, and individual-run, and make ethnic sports better face and serve the society. As far as 56 ethnic groups are concerned, traditional sports of ethnic minorities are an important part of socialist sports. When exploring the long and precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, they reflect each other with modern sports and form a colorful landscape in people's sports life. No matter winning the gold medal in the Olympic Games, it will play an important role in inheriting and excavating national heritage, enhancing national unity and cohesion, enhancing national sense of hardship, and reappearing great patriotism.
"Only the national is the world's". After thousands of years of inheritance, development and evolution, the traditional sports of ethnic minorities in China will seek an opportunity to transform from tradition to modernity according to the needs of their own times and nationalities, and then reasonably inherit and digest the nutrients transported from other places, effectively promote the transformation of the inherent cultural structure, eclectic, ancient and modern, and create a brand-new cultural form that conforms to the trend of the times and has Chinese national characteristics. 5. Conclusion The colorful sports forms created by ethnic minorities in China contain the pursuit of life value, the enhancement of national feelings, the cohesion of national centripetal force and the rich connotation of great patriotism, which makes them play an active role in national modernization, national fitness activities and the overall improvement of national quality. The further development of traditional sports of ethnic minorities in China will drive the unit sports culture of all ethnic groups to pursue new variation, flexibility and inclusive development on the basis of adhering to the "national characteristics", which will eventually lead to the convergence, complementarity and all-round prosperity of the world sports culture, and show its unique charm in cross-cultural exchanges between the East and the West with its distinctive national characteristics.