An English sentence: tea

Latin scientific name: camellia.

Alias: Old Tea

Family name: Theaceae

Corradin's name: Theaceae.

Chinese name of camellia.

Latin name: camellia

Domestic distribution: produced in southern Yunnan, Guangxi and Guangdong.

Naming source: [(l.) o.ktze. : .]

Flora of China: 49(3): 130

Morphological characteristics: shrub or small tree, 1-6 meters high. Simple leaves alternate, thin leathery, elliptic-lanceolate to ovoid, 5- 10 cm long and 2-4 cm wide, with blunt and slightly concave tip, wedge-shaped base, serrated edge and smooth hairless; Petiole is about 4 mm long. Flowers are usually solitary or axillary, with 1-2 flowers. Pedicel 6- 10 mm long, recurved. Zygomatic lobes 5-6, round, glabrous or slightly hairy, persistent; Petals 7-8, white, broadly obovate.

Distribution:,,

Breeding method: seeds

Habit: Yang Sheng

Medicinal parts: leaves and roots

Medicinal functions: strengthening heart and diuresis, clearing away heat and toxic materials,

Types of tea

1. green tea: tea leaves are unfermented, that is, fresh leaves are spread and dried and directly put into 120 Baidu's hot pot for frying, so as to keep their green characteristics.

Precious varieties include Longjing Tea, Biluochun Tea, Huangshan Mao Feng Tea, Lushan Yunwu Tea, Lu 'an Guapian Tea, Mengding Tea, Taiping Monkey Kui Tea, Junshan Yinzhen Tea, Guzhu Sun Zi Tea, Xinyang Maojian Tea, Pingshuizhu Tea, Xishan Tea, Yandangshan Mao Feng Tea, Huading Yunwu Tea, Yongxihuoqing Tea, Jingting Lvxue Tea, Emei Errui Tea, etc.

2. Black tea: Contrary to green tea, black tea is a completely fermented tea (the degree of fermentation is above 80%). The name of black tea comes from its soup color red.

Precious varieties are: Qi Hong, Dianhong and Hong Ying.

3. Black tea: At first, black tea was mainly sold to border areas, such as Pu 'er tea in Yunnan. Pu 'er tea is made by pouring water on prepared green tea and then fermenting. Pu 'er tea has the effects of reducing blood fat, weight and blood pressure, and is very popular in Southeast Asia and Japan. But if you really want to lose weight, the most remarkable effect is oolong tea.

4. Oolong tea: Oolong tea, also known as green tea, is a semi-fermented tea between red and green tea. Oolong tea is the most complicated and time-consuming process in the six categories of tea, and the brewing method is also the most exquisite, so drinking oolong tea is also called drinking congou tea.

Precious varieties include Wuyi Rock Tea, Tieguanyin, Fenghuang Dancong and Taiwan Province Oolong Tea.

5. Yellow tea: The famous Junshan Yinzhen tea belongs to yellow tea. The production method of yellow tea is a bit like green tea, but it needs to be stuffy for three days in the middle;

6. White tea: White tea is basically dried. White tea and yellow tea have good appearance, aroma and taste.

Precious varieties are: Baihao Yinzhen Tea and Bai Mudan Tea.

Combined with the above common classification methods, China tea can be divided into two parts: basic tea and reprocessed tea:

Basic tea:

Green tea-This is the largest tea produced in China, and its variety ranks first in the world. Green tea has the characteristics of high aroma, mellow taste, beautiful appearance and resistance to brewing. Its production process includes the processes of enzyme fixation, rolling and drying. Due to the different drying methods in the processing, green tea can be divided into fried green tea, baked green tea, steamed green tea and sun-dried green tea.

Green tea is a kind of tea with the largest yield in China, and it is produced in all tea-producing provinces (regions) in China 18. China has the largest variety of green tea in the world, exporting tens of thousands of tons every year, accounting for about 70% of the green tea trade in the world tea market. China traditional green tea-plum tea and pearl tea, with high aroma, mellow taste, beautiful appearance and resistance to brewing, are well received by consumers at home and abroad.

Black tea-The difference between black tea and green tea lies in the different processing methods. When black tea is processed, it will wither, so that fresh leaves lose some water, and then it will be kneaded (kneaded into strips or cut into granules) and fermented, so that the tea polyphenols contained in it will be oxidized and become red compounds. This compound is soluble in water and insoluble in water, but it accumulates in leaves, thus forming red soup and red leaves. There are three main kinds of black tea: competition black tea, kung fu black tea and red broken tea.

Green tea (oolong tea) belongs to semi-fermented tea, which is a kind of tea between green tea and black tea. Both the freshness of green tea and the sweetness of black tea. Because its leaves are green in the middle and red in the edge, it is called "green leaves with red edges".

White tea is a specialty of our country. When processing, do not fry or knead, only dry the delicate tea leaves with fine hairs on the back or dry them with slow fire, so that the white fine hairs can be preserved completely. White tea is mainly produced in Fuding, Zhenghe, Songxi and Jianyang counties in Fujian. There are several kinds of white tea, such as Silver Needle, Bai Mudan, Gongmei and Shoumei.

Yellow tea-in the process of making tea, yellow leaves and yellow soup are formed by boring. It can be divided into "yellow bud tea" (including the silver bud of Junshan in Dongting Lake, Hunan, the yellow bud of Mengding in Ya 'an, Sichuan, and the inner bud of Huoshan in Anhui), "yellow tea" (including Beigangzai in Yueyang, Hunan, Maojian in Weishan, Ningxiang, Tanghuang in Pingyang, Zhejiang, and Luyuan in Yuan 'an, Hubei) and "yellow tea" (including Dayeqing in Anhui and Huang Da in Huoshan).

Black tea-the raw materials are coarse and old, and after a long period of accumulation and fermentation during processing, the tea leaves are dark brown. It is an indispensable daily necessity for Tibetan, Mongolian, Uygur and other fraternal peoples. There are Hunan Black Tea, Hubei Old Green Tea, Guangxi Liubao Tea, Sichuan West Road Side Tea, South Road Side Tea, Yunnan Compact Tea, Flat Tea, Square Tea and Round Tea.

Processed tea: Processed tea made of various kinds of crude tea or refined tea, including scented tea, pressed tea, liquid tea, instant tea and medicinal tea.

Medicinal tea-Medicinal tea is made by mixing medicines with tea leaves, so as to exert and strengthen the efficacy of medicines, promote the dissolution of medicines, increase the aroma of medicines and coordinate the taste of medicines. There are many kinds of this kind of tea, such as "afternoon tea", "ginger tea powder", "longevity tea" and "slimming tea".

Scented tea-this is a rare tea color. It is a product that enhances the fragrance of tea with floral fragrance, which is very popular in China. Generally, green tea is used as tea blank, and a few people use black tea or oolong tea as tea blank. It is made of fragrant flowers and fragrance according to the characteristic that tea easily absorbs peculiar smell. There are several kinds of chemicals used, such as jasmine and osmanthus, among which jasmine is the most.

From a global perspective, among the above teas, black tea is the most, followed by green tea, and white tea is the least.

A grand view of drinking tea abroad

Residents in more than 0/00 countries and regions all over the world love tea. In some places, drinking tea has been promoted to an artistic enjoyment. Different countries drink tea in the same way, each with its own advantages.

Sri Lanka: Sri Lankan residents love to drink strong tea, which is bitter and astringent, but they enjoy it. The country's black tea sells well all over the world. There is a big tea shop in Colombo, the capital, which has a tea tasting department. Experts taste it with their tongues and then check the grade and price.

Britain: People from all walks of life in Britain love to drink. Tea can almost be called the national drink of Britain. He likes fresh strong tea, with one or two lumps of sugar and a little cold milk.

Thailand: Thais like to add ice to their tea, which suddenly cools down and even freezes. This is iced tea. In Thailand, local tea drinkers don't drink hot tea. It is usually foreign guests who want to drink hot tea.

Mongolia: Mongols like to eat brick tea. They pounded the brick tea into powder with a wooden mortar, boiled it in a pot with water, and then added some milk and goat's milk.

New Zealand: New Zealanders regard drinking tea as one of the greatest enjoyment in life. Many institutions, schools, factories and mines have specially set up tea time. There are many tea shops and teahouses in towns and villages.

Mali: Malians like to drink tea after meals. They put tea and water in a teapot and stew them on a clay stove. After the tea is boiled, add sugar and pour a cup for everyone. Their tea-making methods are different: when they get up every day, they boil water in an iron pot and add tea leaves; Let it cook until the bacon cooked at the same time is cooked, and then drink tea while eating meat.

Canada: Canadians make tea in a special way. First, they heat a clay pot, put a teaspoon of tea, then pour boiling water on it, soak it for seven or eight minutes, and then pour the tea into another hot pot to drink. Usually add cheese and sugar.

Russia: Russians often add a slice of lemon to each cup of tea, and also use fruit pulp instead of lemon. In winter, sweet wine is sometimes added to prevent colds.

Egypt: Sweet tea in Egypt. Egyptians usually serve a cup of hot tea with a lot of sugar. Only two or three cups of this sweet tea will make you feel sticky in your mouth and you don't even want to eat rice.

North Africa: mint tea in North Africa. North Africans like to drink tea with fresh mint leaves and some rock sugar in green tea flowers, which tastes cool and delicious. It is polite for a guest to finish three cups of tea given by his host.

South America: Paraguay tea in South America. In many countries in South America, people make tea with the leaves of local madai trees, which is both refreshing and beneficial. They drank the water in the teacup slowly through straws.

It comes from Camellia of Theaceae, and its leaves, seeds and roots are all used as medicine. Leaf spring, summer and autumn can be collected and baked. Roots can be harvested all year round.

Nature and taste: bitter, sweet and slightly cold; Zi: bitter, cold and poisonous; Root: bitter, flat.

Indications: cardiotonic diuretic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, astringent and antidiarrheal.

Leaves: used for enteritis, dysentery, dysuria, edema and narcolepsy; Topical medicine for treating burns and scalds.

Root: used for hepatitis and edema of heart disease.

Usage and dosage: 3 ~ 5 yuan; Apply appropriate amount of powder externally and add sesame oil to the affected area. Root: 3 ~ 6 yuan.

Why do people like drinking tea? This is the origin of tea culture. Let's start with the discovery of tea and medicine.

The earliest discovery and utilization of tea began with medicinal use. "Shennong tasted a hundred herbs and encountered 72 poisons every day, so he solved it with tea." Zhang Hua's "Natural History" in Jin Dynasty also said that drinking tea really makes people sleep less. In Tao Hongjing's Miscellaneous Notes, it is said that "Ming tea is intellectual man fit, but Huang Jun took it from yesterday". In fact, there was a record of Dan Qiuzi drinking tea in the Han Dynasty earlier than this: Yuyao people went to the mountains to collect tea. I met a Taoist who led three green cows and led the flood to Waterfall Mountain. He said, "Give it to Dan Qiu Zi. Wen Zi loves to drink, and often thinks about the benefits. There is big tea in the mountains, so you can give it to each other and pray that your son will have a place to live another day. " Because of dedication. Later, he often let his family into the mountains and won great fame. Dan Qiu Zi was a "fairy" in Han Dynasty, the earliest Taoist figure in tea culture, and Waterfall Mountain in Yuyao was a famous tea-producing mountain in history. Therefore, the records of Daming and Xianming are exactly the same. The "tea" and "tea" in these records are today's tea. What surprised us even more was that as early as the Jin Dynasty, when Guo Pu annotated Erya, he explained that (tea) trees were as small as gardenias, with leaves and burial places in winter, and the Shu people called them bitter tea. The so-called "Shu people" can be regarded as the earliest germination of the ancient Bashu tea drinking custom. And Hu Jushi in the Western Han Dynasty said in "Food Avoidance": "Bitter tea, long food feathers." All this shows that tea was used from the beginning and was associated with medicine.

Tea and tea communication are variants of tea before tea in Tang Materia Medica, which were recorded in detail by Su Gong and Wuji during the reign of Tang Xianqing. The earliest official document about tea is the Book of Songs, in which * * * refers to the word tea in many places, such as "Taifeng". Gu Feng's "Who says tea is bitter, it is as sweet as cucumber", Zheng Feng. Out of the East Gate, "A Woman in the Sunlight" and "Qian Feng" appeared. In July, "tea picking pay" and "pay". In Owl, Give me Tea and Elegant. Sleeping Poems in Violet in Full swing, and Zhou Song. "Let's use a pot of tea, and this pot of tea will rot" in liangzhi refers to bitter vegetables, hairy flowers and dirty grass on the land, respectively, and has no obvious connection with the tea we drink later. The exact time when tea entered the diet was in the Han Dynasty. In Yue Yue written by Wang Bao, there are words such as "Five Sheep Buy Tea" and "Tea Boiling Capital". Of course, cooking is for eating. In addition, according to the records in Volume 867 of Taiping Yulan, there is such a record in Guangya, a book of the Wei Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms: "Tea is picked between Beijing and Pakistan to make cakes, and rice paste is used to make them. If you drink it, fry it first, mash it in porcelain, cover it with soup and simmer it with onion and ginger. You can't sleep when you drink and sober up. " It can be seen that tea first entered the diet. As Lu Yu later said, it was boiled into tea or soup with onions, ginger, orange peel and other things, just like cooking vegetables and drinking soup, used to quench thirst or accompany meals. This is not a simple drink. Therefore, there is a saying in Tang fashion that "tea is food, which is tantamount to rice and salt". Tea became a pure drink probably after Lu Yu's Tea Classic in the middle Tang Dynasty. Thanks to the advocacy and guidance of Lu Yu and his Tea Classic, people gradually reduced the additives in tea, and tea gradually became a pure drink. It can be seen that tea originally entered the diet as an edible or medicinal item, but when tea is used as food, it has nothing to do with temple culture such as rituals.

Tea in Britain is: the liquid of health, the drink of the soul. It is called "national drink" in China. A large number of studies in modern science have confirmed that tea does contain biochemical components closely related to human health. Tea not only has the pharmacological effects of refreshing brain, clearing away heat and relieving summer heat, resolving food stagnation, relieving fatigue and losing weight, clearing away heart fire and vexation, relieving hangover, promoting fluid production to quench thirst, reducing fire and improving eyesight, stopping dysentery and removing dampness, but also has certain pharmacological effects on modern diseases such as radiation sickness, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cancer. It can be seen that the pharmacological effects of tea are numerous and extensive, which cannot be replaced by other drinks. Tea polyphenols, caffeine and lipopolysaccharide are the main components with pharmacological effects in tea. The specific functions are:

1. Helps to delay aging.

Tea polyphenols have strong oxidation resistance and physiological activity, and are scavengers of human free radicals. According to the research of relevant departments, the effect of 1 mg tea polyphenols on eliminating excessive free radicals harmful to human body is equivalent to 9 micrograms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which is much higher than other similar substances. Tea polyphenols can block lipid peroxidation and remove active enzymes. According to the test results of Tomoyo in Ota, Japan, it is confirmed that the anti-aging effect of tea polyphenols is 18 times stronger than that of vitamin E.

2, help to inhibit cardiovascular disease.

Tea polyphenols play an important role in human fat metabolism. The human body has cardiovascular diseases such as high cholesterol and triglycerides, such as fat deposition on the inner wall of blood vessels and atherosclerotic plaques formed after vascular smooth muscle cells proliferate. Tea polyphenols, especially catechins ECG and EGC in tea polyphenols and its oxidation products theaflavins, are helpful to inhibit this mottled proliferation, reduce the formation of fibrinogen that enhances coagulation viscosity, make coagulation clear, and thus inhibit atherosclerosis.

3, help to prevent and fight cancer.

Tea polyphenols can block the synthesis of carcinogens such as ammonium nitrite in the body, which can directly kill cancer cells and improve the immunity of the body. According to relevant data, tea polyphenols (mainly catechins) in tea are beneficial to the prevention and adjuvant treatment of cancers such as gastric cancer and intestinal cancer.

Attachment: What are the beneficial ingredients in tea?

Tea contains a variety of ingredients, nearly 500 kinds. There are mainly caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, choline, xanthine, flavonoids and glycosides, tea tannins, catechins, terpenoids, phenols, alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, aromatic oils, carbohydrates, multivitamins, protein and amino acids. Amino acids include cysteine, methionine, glutamic acid and arginine. Tea also contains minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, fluorine, iodine, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, selenium, copper, germanium and magnesium. These components in tea are beneficial to human body, especially manganese can promote the formation of vitamin C in new tea and improve the anti-cancer effect of tea. They have the same function and are of great significance to the prevention and treatment of human diseases, so there is a saying that "tea is indispensable for a day".

4. It is helpful to prevent and treat radiation injury.

Tea polyphenols and their oxidation products have the ability to absorb the toxicity of radioactive substances strontium 90 and cobalt 60. According to the clinical trials of relevant medical departments, the treatment of mild radiation sickness caused by radiotherapy with tea extract can reach more than 90%. For cytopenia, the effective rate of tea extract is 865438 0.7%; It has a good therapeutic effect on leukopenia caused by radiation.

5, help to inhibit and resist viruses and bacteria

Tea polyphenols have strong convergence, obvious inhibition and killing effects on pathogenic bacteria and viruses, and obvious anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal effects. Many medical units in China use tea preparation to treat acute and chronic dysentery, amebic dysentery and influenza, and the cure rate is about 90%.

6, contribute to beauty and skin care

Tea polyphenols are water-soluble substances, which can remove facial greasy, astringe pores, sterilize and disinfect, resist skin aging, and reduce the damage of ultraviolet rays in the sun to the skin.

7, help to refresh.

Caffeine in tea can stimulate the central nervous system of human body, enhance the excitement process of cerebral cortex, and has the functions of refreshing the brain, clearing away heart fire and calming the nerves.

8, help diuresis to relieve fatigue

Caffeine in tea can stimulate the kidney, promote the rapid excretion of urine, improve the filtration rate of the kidney and reduce the retention time of harmful substances in the kidney. Caffeine can also eliminate excessive lactic acid in urine, which helps to eliminate fatigue as soon as possible.

9, help reduce blood fat and help digestion.

It is recorded in the Tang Dynasty that the effect of tea is "eating for a long time makes you thin". There is a saying among the ethnic minorities in China's border areas that "tea is indispensable for a day". Because tea helps digestion and reduce fat, in today's fashionable language, it is helpful to "lose weight". This is because caffeine in tea can increase the secretion of gastric juice, help digestion and enhance the ability to decompose fat. The so-called "long-term eating makes people thin" is here.

10, which helps to protect teeth and improve eyesight.

The fluorine content in tea is high, and the fluorine content per 100 g of dry tea is 100 mg- 15 mg, of which 80% is water soluble. If everyone drinks 10g tea every day, they can absorb 1mg- 1.5mg of water-soluble fluoride. Moreover, tea is an alkaline beverage, which can inhibit the reduction of calcium in the human body, help prevent dental caries, protect teeth and strengthen teeth. According to relevant data, the experiment of "gargling with tea after drinking" among primary school students can reduce the incidence of dental caries by 80%. According to the investigation of relevant medical units, 28.6% cataract patients have the habit of drinking tea; 7 1.4% have no habit of drinking tea. This is because vitamin C and other ingredients in tea can reduce the turbidity of eyes, and drinking tea often has a positive effect on reducing eye diseases, protecting eyes and improving vision.

Green tea is the earliest tea in history. Ancient humans collected wild tea buds and dried tea leaves, which can be regarded as the beginning of green tea processing in a broad sense, at least three thousand years ago. But the real green tea processing began with the invention of steamed green tea in the 8th century, and ended with the invention of fried green tea in12nd century. The processing technology of green tea is relatively mature, which has been used to this day and is constantly improving.

Green tea is the largest tea in China, and its producing areas are distributed in tea-producing provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. Among them, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces have the highest output and the best quality, and are the main bases of green tea production in China. In the international market, China green tea accounts for more than 70% of the international trade volume, and its sales areas are all over North Africa and West Africa, as well as more than 50 countries and regions such as France, the United States and Afghanistan. In the international market, the sales of green tea account for more than 1/3 of the total domestic sales. At the same time, green tea is the main raw material for producing scented tea.

kuding tea

He likes tea, especially bitter tea, and he has been drinking it since the day he met him. And she always drinks coffee, or that carbonated drink. In short, she doesn't drink tea.

This is their difference, a small detail, which later became a fatal fuse. After seven years of marriage, they divorced. Fortunately, they have no children yet. Appreciating his frankness and simplicity at that time has become his shortcoming now, but she is still arrogant. What she appreciates is always very exciting, just like her favorite coffee. The bitter, astringent, sweet and strong coffee taste always makes her want to stay. It is not surprising that such a woman has an affair.

That man is her fitness instructor, who has all the characteristics of a good lover, is affectionate, wears the latest boss fashion this year and bought her a diamond ring rose, so she said to her husband, divorce, because being with you is not only without love, but also without passion.

He agreed, but he was still so kind to her. When she comes back, he cooks soup for her and gives her bath water. However, all this failed to impress her. She thinks everything he does is to keep her. The more so, the more she felt that he was timid, so she calmed down and divorced. A month later, they agreed to divorce.

Because she had an affair, she almost didn't bring anything, but he still gave her all the money in the passbook, which made her wonder, because this man was so cheap that his wife would still favor her in the future. When she left, he gave her a tube of kudingcha. "Try to drink it, it will reduce the fire." He said simply.

The fitness instructor couldn't bear to marry her, but sarcastically said, how can Qin Xianglian cry for love in this era? I didn't ask you for a divorce. Maybe you are tired.

What else can I say? Only one person drinks hate, regrets, and even dares not think about the dull and sweet days of the past. Some people make the best noodles, and some people put bath water, but they can't feel it until they lose it. Such a man is really hard to find.

Then I heard the news that he remarried and married an abandoned woman. He said that because such a woman knows compassion. Only she, or a person, occasionally dug up some old things, not much, because she always wanted a new start, so almost all of them stayed in the old house, only the tube of Kuding tea was always around. Now, I am finally in the mood to sit down and have a drink slowly. In the afternoon, a person makes a cup of Kuding tea on the balcony. At the first bite, she was so bitter that she cried, and then a little aftertaste rippled between her lips and teeth. After drinking, her body will relax and become soft. If there is no music, she can cry heartily, so that she is no longer trapped by love. She finally understood.

From then on, she fell in love with Kuding tea and drank it slowly when she was alone.

However, she knew it was too late for her to like it.