On the first day I came to * * *, I felt that the environmental protection department of * * * attached great importance to the census work, and the work arrangement was orderly and reasonable. I was assigned to the investigation team of * * instructor, responsible for the investigation of industrial sources above * * *. At first, because everyone was unfamiliar with the work, the census was difficult and could only be carried out in groping. Moreover, since this census is the first time since the founding of the People's Republic of China, many census requirements are changed while doing. This is a process of continuous improvement and perfection, but it also inevitably brings some difficulties to the actual operation of the census work.
On the first day when I started the census, that is, on * * month * *, Director * * took us to the enterprise to fill out individual counseling forms, and there was only one unit for counseling all morning. As all the external enumerators in our group are students, they can't work full-time. Faced with the task of * * * industrial sources for one month, this progress is obviously a problem. After discussion, our group decided to fill in the form of centralized counseling for most enterprises with simple and positive cooperation, and conduct a general survey in the form of on-site counseling for a few enterprises with complex and uncooperative situations. The instructor arranged the division of labor among the group members to ensure the orderly, efficient and comprehensive work. After a period of "crossing the river by feeling the stones", our progress has obviously accelerated.
The biggest difficulty we face is that we are not familiar with the production process and flow of the enterprise, and we can't get the correct data needed for subsequent calculation. Many enterprises have to fill in detailed forms, involving more than 100, not including the calculation of some data. We don't feel hard about routine counseling and tedious inquiries every day, but what makes us afraid is that some enterprises don't cooperate, and some even refuse to fill in. After the census, the instructor personally negotiated with the responsible personnel of these manufacturers and urged them to fill out the form. Often you can only run one or two in one morning. This situation did not make us back down, but made us decide to take the opportunity to give the enterprise a vivid environmental protection lesson.
Some large enterprises have special environmental protection departments and actively cooperate with them, and the census work is progressing smoothly. However, most manufacturers are small enterprises, so we can't coach them with too professional terms, but we must ensure the accuracy of the data, which gives us a difficult problem. Under the guidance of * * * *, we carefully studied the instructions for filling in the form, which made the instructions for enterprises more comprehensive and accurate, and ensured the smooth progress of the census.
In this census, I also saw some problems, or some experiences gained in the first census.
(1) This census puts high demands on environmental protection practitioners. Census takers are generally environmental protection practitioners or students of this major. But as a graduate student majoring in environment, I deeply felt my lack of knowledge in this census. For example, census workers should understand the production technology of enterprises, which we have never encountered in the learning process.
(2) The country has high requirements for the census, which shows the importance and seriousness of this census. But in reality, many problems we encounter cannot be solved, such as whether enterprises will fill in real data. The general survey of pollution sources is the basic work, so you can't go through the formalities. Basic work needs investment, and we can't rush for success. However, the schedule of this census is slightly tight, which will affect the scientific nature of the data obtained to some extent.
(3) The general survey is only routine pollution factors such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, dust and SO2, but some characteristic pollution factors have not been investigated, which is an important defect of this survey. Personally, I think it is necessary to do a good job, do a detailed job and do a solid job. Only in this way can we achieve the purpose of the census.
(4) Whether an enterprise fills in a detailed form or a brief form is not simply divided by industry category and enterprise scale. It should be divided according to the production situation and pollution degree of enterprises. Although there is a certain connection between the two, many such situations have been found in the census process: enterprises need to fill out detailed forms when they are classified as heavily polluting industries; But the actual situation is that enterprises only carry out one or several simple production processes, such as manual assembly, without any pollution or little emissions. I think the division between the detailed list and the short list can be more flexible, so as to ensure the comprehensiveness and pertinence of the census work.
I am very proud to believe that these basic data from our hands will help the country understand the remaining environmental capacity of various places and help to formulate more effective industry and regional policies. The work of pollution source investigation is very hard, but it is also very substantial. This pollution source survey is actually a national environmental mobilization. Both we as census takers and the enterprises as the objects of investigation have been "baptized" by environmental awareness.
Practice route: the second floor of Yifu-Yannan Garden-West Gate of Peking University-Weixiu Garden-Chengze Garden-Haidian Park-Liulangzhuang-Beijing Urban Green Belt-Jingmi Diversion Canal-South Ruyimen of Summer Palace-South Bank of Kunming Lake-North Bank of Summer Palace-East Palace Gate of Summer Palace-North Slope of Wanshou Mountain. The main contents are as follows: 1. Respect for nature: analysis of vegetation encountered during the exercise.
2. About the renovation: Analyze the reaction of the masses after the renovation of Jingmi diversion canal and Haidian Park.
3. About management: Analyze the management of Yannan Garden and Weixiuyuan Summer Palace.
Four. Survey methods and problems: summary
On April 6, 2003, Teacher Li Dihua led the students who took the course of urban ecology to have their first teaching practice this semester. This internship was observed in the school first, then started from the East Gate, and arrived at the Summer Palace via Weixiu Garden, Haidian Park and Liulangzhuang. On the way, we not only saw the typical urban elements of dense residential areas near Peking University, but also passed through areas with strong natural flavor, such as the fourth ring green isolation belt. In this way, we can not only experience the difference and coordination between the urban environment and the natural environment, but also understand the residents' views on the surrounding ecological environment through interviews. In addition, this internship has experienced many fields that have undergone tremendous changes in recent years. According to the teacher's explanation, our interviews with surrounding residents and personal observation, we can find out the existing problems of urban ecology and what kind of living environment and surrounding environment urban residents prefer. I think these will undoubtedly be of great benefit to those of us who are engaged in the career of planners in the future.
In the process of marching, there are many things that are often seen at ordinary times. Under the special circumstances of internship, it caused a lot of feelings at once. Below, I will talk about my feelings in this internship according to the marching route. I. Regarding respect for nature
The first is the triangular lawn in the northeast corner of the library. Although the area is not large, it naturally forms an irregular shape according to the terrain-similar to a triangle, which makes me feel shocked. When the artificial lawn just emerged, it was a bit pleasing to the eye to see one or two neat greens occasionally. After all, the rare regular shape makes people feel some excitement. However, when all designers try to get people's excitement in this simple way and make this green "mushroom-shaped" building, people's excitement is replaced by monotony and boredom. (Figure) Triangular Lawn (1) Indeed, the green spaces nowadays are basically square, round or very regular polygons that are deliberately pursued. It's hard for me to think of a word to describe it other than monotony, so I can't help asking: Is there really only one choice? Undeniably, clean green space adds more bright colors to modern cities, and regular shapes make cities more orderly, and a certain number of people like this kind of green space. Therefore, in the city center, especially the bustling business district and the location of government agencies, building a few neat lawns can better decorate the urban landscape. But once we don't control this concept, all lawns will become this shape, and the monotony mentioned above will come. In addition, in the tense pace of life in modern society, people's tense nerves also need the adjustment of nature, and the bound thoughts everywhere will long for freedom and flexibility. However, the "rules" are completely invalid in this case. So I don't think it is necessary to "format" lawns in general areas, especially in residential areas where life is the main activity. Plan the open space, plant grass seeds, and residents will consciously maintain it. Only in this way can domestication be as close to human beings as possible.
The idea embodied in this question is mainly based on nature. Don't overemphasize human factors, let alone impose human will on nature, because sometimes human beings don't know what they need, and what nature recognizes is what human beings need. (Figure) The vigorous growth of wild vegetation (1) has been well reflected in Yannan Garden. When I entered Yannan Garden, I felt like a farm at first sight. Most of the vegetation here is made up of nature. You can find many plants that can't be named when you look down anywhere, so I can learn a lot here, and such plant distribution can better reflect the will of nature: for example, plantains are always distributed near places where people walk on both sides of the road, and this natural law can only be reflected in such an environment. Moreover, some plants planted in the garden in front of the villa are artificially planted, but they are integrated with nature without any affectation. (Figure) Vegetation in the early spring of Yannan Garden (2) At that time, I thought, why are the plants in Yannan Garden thriving without any artificial watering in Peking University? I contacted the green isolation belt that arrived later to find out the reason. (Figure) Green Isolation Belt (E) Why is the slope protection of the green isolation belt covered by various plants just after it is built without any human intervention? The reason is that it is a natural vegetation obtained by natural sowing, natural irrigation and natural growth. Its plant species and growth scale are all natural selection, which is indeed the most suitable for the local natural environment. Moreover, the order of plant replacement is also dominated by pioneer plants such as Chenopodium album and amaranth, that is, tenacious annual plants to perennial plants. Since we let nature choose for itself, it will naturally choose those plants that are most suitable for its own development and those that are most suitable for the local area. This is also the secret of the lush growth of vegetation in Yannan Garden. It is precisely because there is no so-called "vegetation management" in Yannan Garden that it becomes the darling of nature and breeds an eternal natural green.
Here I can't help but think of the fact that in real life, the vegetation used in our urban green space is chosen according to human wishes, regardless of nature. The most intuitive and typical way is to plant water-consuming turf in a city like Beijing, which is extremely short of water. And the result? Not only is the turf dying, it has not improved the environment at all, but it has also wasted a lot of money. (Figure) Charm of Natural Vegetation (3) But if you think about it carefully, are there few such things? Apart from the example of vegetation, how many people are determined to go against the laws of nature? Improving urban ecology requires not only financial support. Only by learning to act according to the laws of nature and be close to nature can we create a long-term ecological environment. Two. About transformation
Passing through many renovated places, such as Haidian Garden and Jingmi diversion canal, there have been major renovation projects in recent years. Through interviews with nearby residents, I learned their recognition of these renovation projects.
After years of phased reconstruction, the Jingmi diversion canal has achieved initial results. The initial goal of the project is to reduce the leakage of the canal and further reduce the cost of water delivery in Beijing. According to the data, "the 40-kilometer water-saving technical transformation of Jingmi diversion canal can reduce the leakage loss by 6.5438+million cubic meters every year." It can be said that the original purpose has been achieved. At the same time, the reconstruction of the canal has brought great ecological benefits, and the ecological environment along the coast has also been improved to some extent. I interviewed two old people who were walking leisurely by the canal with radios in their hands. When I asked them what they thought of the canal renovation, they all said that after the renovation, the canal water was clearer than a few years ago, and the surrounding environment was much better. The old people around him look at the surrounding scenery when they walk every day, and they feel very comfortable, and the children are playing around. Sometimes, grandpa takes his grandson for a walk and watches him running around on the flat road. And I heard that this project can save a lot of money every year, and they feel that this project has many benefits. However, they also point out that they feel uncomfortable when they see fewer and fewer aquatic plants in the water. They said they always felt that the canal reconstruction had taken something away. Looking at the old man's far-away back, I can't help thinking that if we can maintain the most fundamental natural features while artificially transforming the canal, then these nostalgic old people will not have these feelings of loss. Of course, future generations will also know the natural features of the Jingmi diversion canal before the transformation. (Figure) The reconstructed Jingmi diversion canal (B, C) and when this question is asked to the children, they are completely sure of the canal. They say they can play by the canal and catch fish. A child from the countryside came to Beijing. When we asked him if he was homesick, he said, "I miss the mountains in my hometown very much. There are so many trees, one after another, squirrels and snakes. I also caught a squirrel, which is very interesting. " However, when we asked him if he wanted to go home from Beijing, he said, "No, I think Beijing is very good, with tall buildings and cars …" It seems that children need both the modernization of the city and the natural harmony. When we are building an increasingly modern city, we must absolutely protect the natural landscape. Only by letting nature exist in every corner of modernization can our urban transformation be called success. (Figure) The children's entertainment area (D) of Haidian Park and the renovation of Haidian Park, which is close to Peking University, are another idea. It focuses on the development directly facing the needs of residents. After the transformation, Haidian Park has a lot of green space, which makes the air in the whole park area fresh from morning till night. An old man said in an interview: "I come here for morning exercises all year round, and I often come for a stroll after dinner at night, just because I think the air here is particularly good." I will feel much more comfortable if I stay a little longer. " In addition to the green space, other hardware in the park is also complete. Especially fitness and entertainment facilities, can meet the needs of every group of people. There are children's entertainment areas, fitness areas for the elderly and rehabilitation areas for the disabled. The floor of children's entertainment area is changed from cement board to modified soft foam, which makes this area safer and more suitable for children, a special group. An aunt who brought her children to play said, "Haidian Park has been changed very well. I used to feel uncomfortable when children were playing, so I had to keep staring. Much better now. As long as he doesn't climb high, I basically don't have to worry. " The air in the park is also good. In the coldest winter, I also bring my children here every day. "She also said that although there are no disabled people at home, she thinks it is very necessary to increase the rehabilitation area for the disabled. She believes that this can reflect the concern of society for the disabled and give them the courage to overcome difficulties.
In my opinion, no matter what kind of transformation, it should be people-oriented and reflect people's needs everywhere, and the transformation can be successful. Three. On management
During my internship, I found that many residents who live in places with good ecological environment in my opinion are not very satisfied with the environment there. After careful inquiry, I realized that the environment there was actually better in the past, and it was because of poor management that it was reduced to the present situation. Since we have built a good ecological environment, we must have invested a lot of money. However, the managers neglected the post-construction management work, which made the good environment built with large funds greatly deteriorated due to poor management and maintenance with less expenses. For example, I once praised Yannan Garden and Weixiu Garden, and several old people expressed dissatisfaction with the management of the community. An old man said with emotion, "Before I retired, the environment here was really good. I wanted to enjoy my retirement here, but I didn't expect more and more people here, and the management couldn't keep up. Now I really want to go back a few years ago! "
Construction is important, but no matter how well it is built, it will eventually return to its original state, or even worse.
The manager of the Summer Palace reminded me of another problem. That is the soil and water conservation terrace left by the ancients on the mountain. In fact, this is a very valuable legacy. However, the managers only razed this precious heritage for the pleasure of tourists, and then planted turf that is extremely unsuitable for the growth of this arid climate in Beijing. Regardless of the cost of laying water pipes and transporting irrigation water, the ecological damage caused by soil erosion, and the contradiction between turf and trees on the mountain, just leveling terraces will make the current Summer Palace only one step away from the real Summer Palace. Many masterpieces of the ancients were destroyed by such self-righteous managers.
In my opinion, managers, especially managers of this non-renewable landscape, should always pay attention to protection and never change the original appearance of the landscape according to their own will, which is not only conducive to protecting the heritage, but also to protecting the local ecological environment. Four. Discussion on investigation methods and problems
As this is my first internship, I don't have much accumulation of internship methods and investigation skills. So in this internship, I feel that I have learned a lot and paid more attention to some past methods.
The first is the comparative method. Many things may only be known by positive investigation, but we can never understand its development trend without comparing with the past. I think the ultimate goal of the survey should be to predict the future and serve the reality, and to predict the future, we must grasp the development trend. For example, if we don't compare the problems of Yannan Garden and Weixiu Garden mentioned above, it is impossible for us to realize the problems. We will only blindly think that the environment of the two is good now and will continue to be good, so the management problems are inadvertently ignored. And sometimes, comparison will help us find the crux of the matter faster. We may be confused when we look at the problem alone, but when we compare several problems and situations, we may soon find a breakthrough.
The other is the means of interview. Many times we like to look up information by ourselves, but the written materials are lagging behind after all, and it is difficult for ordinary people to find their personal views. The interview is not only direct and quick, but also the information obtained is close to life, especially when you want to know the views of local residents, you can't get the information you need by looking up the information yourself. In a word, I don't think a survey without an interview can be considered a real survey.
One problem is that the reconstruction of Jingmi diversion canal has indeed destroyed the local natural features, so the stability of the ecosystem is bound to be destroyed. However, local residents very much welcome this change. I'm a little confused. Should our transformation pursue the satisfaction of residents or the perfection of natural ecology?