Drugs that suppress appetite mainly suppress appetite by regulating the feeding and satiety center, so as to achieve the purpose of losing weight. These drugs mainly include amphetamine and its derivatives, indole and its derivatives and quasi-5- hydroxytryptamine neurotransmitters. Specific drugs such as fenfluramine (also known as fluramine), amfepramone (also known as diethylamine benzophenone), chlorpheniramine (also known as moindor), dexfluramine (redox), o-chlorobenzene, amitriptyline, etc. These drugs have a central role, among which amphetamine-type drugs are psychotropic drugs, such as amfepramone, which belongs to a special category of psychotropic drugs. Long-term use is easy to be addictive and dependent.
Drugs that affect digestion and absorption mainly include dietary fiber (including polysaccharide, lignin, hemicellulose, resin, alginate, etc. ), you can achieve the goal of losing weight by promoting gastric emptying, inhibiting the decomposition of food in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing the absorption of energy and nutrients, increasing satiety and reducing food intake. Sucrose polyester used in dietotherapy is a dietary fat substitute, which is not digested and absorbed after eating, and is excreted with feces, reducing the source of heat. In addition, some drugs can prevent the side effects of digestion and absorption, reduce the absorption and utilization of energy by human body, and thus achieve the effect of losing weight, such as using erythromycin (macrolide drugs) and other similar drugs to interfere with appetite; The combination of cholestyramine and intestinal cholic acid makes it difficult to emulsify fat, which leads to fat overflow and produces weight loss effect. Large doses of oral biguanides, such as phenformin (Jiangtangling) and metformin (Jiangtangpian, Mefuming), can cause indigestion and affect appetite, thus reducing or delaying the absorption of sugar in gastrointestinal tract, increasing the excretion of lipid substances and achieving the effect of losing weight. However, these are, after all, the use of side effects of drugs, and it is especially necessary to be cautious when using them.
Drugs used to treat obesity in recent years and drugs under study
1. Sibutramine (also known as Qumei, Aoquqing, Kexiu, Li Ting, Nometide, etc. Among them, Nometide is a German product) is the first prescription drug for weight loss approved by the State Administration of Pharmaceutical Products in 2000. This drug can enhance satiety by inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, and can alleviate people's hunger without affecting the normal absorption of essential nutrients.
2. Orlistat (also known as Orlistat, trade name Sanico) is a new non-central nervous system slimming drug, which was listed in China on 200 1. It can selectively act on gastrointestinal lipase to inactivate it, but can't hydrolyze the fat (mainly triglycerides) in food into absorbable free fatty acids and monoglycerides, and undigested triglycerides can't be absorbed by the body, thus reducing calorie intake and controlling body weight.
3. L-carnitine (also known as Kangliting) is an amino acid widely existing in human body, which can transport long-chain fats into mitochondria for oxidative decomposition. If the body lacks L-carnitine, it will affect fat metabolism and lead to obesity. Therefore, L-carnitine should be supplemented, and fat should be developed and utilized to convert it into energy consumption, so as to achieve the purpose of losing weight.
4. Leptin is a polypeptide hormone expressed by obesity gene, which can inhibit appetite, improve the energy metabolism rate in the body and achieve the purpose of losing weight. It is called the magic substance to lose weight, which has become a hot spot in the research field of obesity and diabetes in recent years and is currently in the research stage.