Reading notes on how steel is tempered.
The author introduces:
Nicholas? Alexeyevich? Ostrovsky (1904— 1936) is a great revolutionary writer in the former Soviet Union. He was born in a poor working family in Ukraine. 1 1 years old began to do child labor. 19 19 joined the * * * youth league, then participated in the civil war and construction, 1924 joined the * * * production party. Due to long-term hard work, his body was seriously damaged, and he became blind on 1927 due to the deterioration of his condition. Completely paralyzed. However, he never gave in, fought against the disease with amazing perseverance and persisted in literary creation. 1933, the novel how steel was tempered, written according to his revolutionary experience, came out, which had a great influence on society and inspired the growth of countless revolutionary youth. After that, ostrovsky began to write another novel, The Birth of the Storm, but before he finished it, he died of illness.
Content introduction:
Paul, the hero of this book? Kochakin experienced the hardships of life and tempered his revolutionary spirit and rebellious character. After the October Revolution broke out, he joined the Red Army at the age of sixteen. No matter in the fire or in the period of national economic recovery, Chajin showed fearless spirit, iron will, strong patriotism and infinite loyalty to the people. Due to repeated injuries and overwork in the war, he was paralyzed and blind, and was firmly imprisoned in bed, but he overcame the mental and physical blow and picked up a pen to praise the hero who struggled to establish the Soviet regime.
Highlights:
(1) this paragraph is Samuel the compositor? Rigg's description of the bloody tragedy in their hometown of Shchepetovka is too long, so I only extracted the beginning of the execution.
Reading: In this description, the author used a lot of comparative writing methods: the fear of death of Polish nobles who came to "appreciate" how to hang Bolsheviks was in sharp contrast with the death of soldiers, highlighting the corruption of the national government at that time, and the psychological exposure of those little nobles who ignored the life and death of the country was undoubtedly exposed; The cold weather and the hot body make the temperature of the comrades who wear little clothes form a great contrast, which embodies the revolutionary spirit that the soldiers with boiling blood will not bow their heads until they die. They have completely lost themselves in their hearts, only "we".
(2) Valeria's passionate singing before her death.
Reading: The author skillfully uses the words of the workers, "I have never heard such a song-only the dead can sing so passionately." "Never" and "That" highlight the uniqueness of this song, while "Only" and "Passion" imply the courage and strength of Valia as a female warrior. In a word, in this whole passage, the pen and ink used by the author is very powerful, which makes the reader unconsciously melt into it and feel the anger and sadness that the laborer could not express at that time.
After successfully building the railway with his comrades, Paul returned to the Martyrs Cemetery. His friends gave their lives for the revolution. Here, he uttered a well-known sigh.
Reading: Compared with the previous paragraph, this paragraph is a very quiet part. It has no fiery smoke on the battlefield and no inner passion when it is executed. It's simple, with a little sadness. In this description, the author uses a lot of environmental descriptions, which is very lyrical.
Classic sentence:
Thousands of people form a powerful transformer, forming an inexhaustible motive force.
2. Steel is very strong because it burns in fire and is highly cooled. Our generation has also experienced struggles and severe tests and learned never to lose heart in life.
Any fool can end himself at any time! This is the most timid and easiest way out.
Put away your gun and don't tell anyone. Even if life is unbearable, stick to it, so that life can become valuable.
The leader's death didn't lead to the party's team being scattered. Just like a big tree, its roots are deeply rooted in the soil, and even if the top of the tree is cut off, it will never wither.
Notes on Camel Xiangzi
About the author: Lao She (1899 February 3 ~1966 August 24), formerly known as Shu Qingchun, was born in Xiaoyangquan Hutong (now Xiaoyangjia Hutong) in the west of Beijing on February 3, 1999, a poor Manchu family. Modern famous writers and outstanding language masters are known as "people's artists". Manchu is a native of Hongqi and Beijinger. His father, a Manchu guard, was killed in the street fighting when Eight-Nation Alliance attacked Beijing. The pseudonym Lao She was first used in the novel Lao Zhang's Philosophy. Other pen names include She Yu, Qian Qing, Yu Qian, Feizi and Hongse.
Summary: The whole novel takes the three ups and downs of Xiangzi's buying a car as the central clue of plot development, vividly shows the tragic life of rickshaw pullers in the old society, and artistically summarizes Xiangzi's tragic life from hope to struggle until mental breakdown to depravity. He enthusiastically chose Xiangzi's original excellent qualities of kindness, simplicity and love of labor, and angrily exposed and denounced the dark society that pushed Xiangzi into the abyss of depravity. The novel also strongly shows that it is only an illusion to get rich by personal struggle in the old society. It reflects the tragic fate of the self-employed in old China in the late 1920s and early 1930s.
Highlights:
(1) Decent, strong, dreamy, selfish, with personality, strong and great, Xiangzi, I don't know how many funerals he sent with others; I don't know when and where he will bury himself, this degenerate, selfish, unfortunate and socially ill child, the last ghost of individualism!
Reading: Why choose such a short sentence? Because, in the full text, this sentence can be regarded as the center. Camel Xiangzi wrote such a person from karma, a young and hardworking social worker at the bottom of the city. All his dreams are to buy his own car and be an "independent" and "free" driver, but his life was shattered by three setbacks in buying a car.
He is a bit like a tree, strong, silent and alive. He has his own plan and some brains, but he is not good at telling others. In foreign rickshaws, personal grievances and difficulties are the words of the public. In the "car entrance", in the small teahouse, in the courtyard, everyone is reporting, describing or clamoring for their own things, and then these things become everyone's property, spreading from one place to another like folk songs. Xiangzi, a countryman, is not as eloquent as a city man; If he has a glib tongue, he is born unwilling to talk more, so he doesn't want to learn from the loquacity of city people. He knows his own business and doesn't like to discuss it with others. Because his mouth is always idle, he has time to think, and his eyes always seem to look at his heart. As long as he has made up his mind, he will go along the road opened in his heart; If he can't leave, he can bite his teeth for a day or two without saying a word, just like biting his own heart!
He decided to pull the cart, so he pulled it. He rented a broken car to practice his legs first. I didn't get the money on the first day The business was good the next day, but after lying down for two days, my ankle was swollen like two scorpions and I couldn't lift it anymore. No matter how painful it was, he endured it. He knew it was inevitable, and it was a hurdle that the coachman had to cross. He won't dare to run boldly unless he passes this level.
Reading: This paragraph of character description, from clothing, posture and figure to the physical strength, physical strength, character and personality of people who live on strength, is beautifully written and presents us with a living Xiangzi. The author praised him loudly-he is strong, simple and full of life. Let's enjoy this rickshaw puller in old China with the author!
The willow tree in the street is sick, with a layer of dust hanging on its leaves and rolling on its branches; The branches are lazy and drooping listlessly. There was not a drop of water on the road. It was dry and white. How high the dust on the sidewalk flies, it is connected with the gray air in the sky, forming a vicious gray sand array, which burns the faces of pedestrians. Everywhere is dry, everywhere is hot, everywhere is stuffy, and the whole old city is like a burnt-out brick kiln, which makes people breathless. The dog lay prone on the ground, sticking out its red tongue. The nostrils of mules and horses are so big that vendors dare not shout, and the asphalt road melts. Even the bronze medal in front of the store seems to be getting sunburned. The street is unusually quiet, except for some monotonous and anxious jingles in the copper and iron shop. People who pull carts know that they can't eat without activities, and they are too lazy to go shopping: some put their cars in some shady places, set up carports and take a nap in them; Some got into a small teahouse to drink tea; Some didn't pull the car out at all, but went to the street to see if it was possible to get off.
Even Xiangzi is a little timid! After pulling an empty car for a few steps, he felt that he was surrounded by hot air from head to toe, and even sweated on the back of his hand. However, I still want to pull after seeing the seat, thinking that it might be a little windy to run. He pulled a deal and pulled the car up, only to know that no one was allowed to work in such bad weather. I couldn't breathe while running, and my lips were burnt. I know I'm not thirsty. I want to drink water when I see it. If you don't run, the handle and back of the poisonous flower will be cracked by the sun. Somehow he was dragged to the place, and his trousers and coat were wrapped around him. Pick up the banana fan, it's no use, the wind is very hot. He took a few sips of cold water, but went to the teahouse again. After drinking two pots of hot tea, his heart calmed down a little. Tea goes in from the mouth, and sweat comes out from the body immediately, as if the body is empty and there will be no more water. He dare not move any more.
He felt bored after sitting for a long time. Being afraid to go out and having nothing to do, he felt that the weather seemed to be deliberately against him. No, he can't be the main one. He has been pulling rickshaws for more than a day, and this is not the first time in summer. He can't spend a day in vain. I want to go out, but my legs are too lazy to move, and my body is very soft. It seems that I haven't taken a good bath. Although I sweated a lot, I was not at ease. After sitting for a while, he couldn't sit still any longer. Anyway, he was sweating when he was sitting, so he might as well go out and try.
I didn't know my mistake until I came out. The gray air in the sky has dispersed, which is not very depressing, but the sunshine is much worse: no one dares to look up at where the sun is, but he feels that everything is shining, and the air, roof, walls and ground are all white with a little red in the white; From top to bottom, the whole thing looks like a huge fire mirror, and every light is like the focus of the fire mirror, so things will get angry as soon as they are exposed to the sun. In this white light, every color is harsh, every sound is ugly, and every smell is mixed with the stench evaporated from the ground. There seems to be no one on the street, and the road seems to have suddenly widened a lot, empty without any chill, and the glistening is frightening. Xiangzi didn't know what to do. He lowered his head, pulled the car and walked slowly. He has no ideas, no goals, and he is in a daze. His body is covered with sticky sweat and smells bad. After a long walk, the soles of my feet and shoes and socks stuck together, as if I had stepped on a piece of wet mud, which made me sad. I didn't want to drink any more water at first, but when I saw the well, I drank it again, not to quench my thirst, but to enjoy the coolness of the well water. From the mouth to the stomach, it suddenly cooled down, and the pores shrank sharply, making a cold war, which was very comfortable. He burps repeatedly after drinking, and the water will overflow!
Walking and sitting for a while, he is always too lazy to plan business. He still didn't feel hungry until noon. I want to eat something as usual, and I feel sick at the sight of food. The stomach is almost full of all kinds of water, and sometimes it makes a gentle noise, like a mule or a horse drinking water.
Compared with summer, Xiangzi always thinks winter is more terrible. He didn't expect summer to be so miserable. After staying in this city for more than one summer, he doesn't remember being so hot. Is it hotter than usual, or is it weak? At this thought, he suddenly became less groggy and his heart seemed to cool down. My body, yes, my body is dying! He was scared, but there was nothing he could do. He can't get rid of Tigress. He will become Er Hadron, the grandfather of the tall pony he met that time. Xiangzi is finished!
Comments What is written here is the scene of Xiangzi getting off in the scorching sun, which is delicate and realistic and empathetic. The narration and metaphor are vivid and vivid, which effectively set off the hardships and tragedies of Xiangzi's cart-pulling life.
After Xiangzi spent three years buying a car, the author described his feelings like this.
Reading: Xiangzi sacrificed a lot to buy a car. It took him three years to buy it. Of course, he is very excited. His mood can be seen from his words, actions and thoughts. As for "the day when Xiangzi bought a car was also his birthday", although it was just a coincidence, we can see that God was secretly helping Xiangzi. After reading this passage, everyone will be happy for Xiangzi's success and celebrate for him. This is the charm of Lao She's "people's artist" language.
Classic sentence:
1. Money will lead people into a bad society, abandon noble ideals and willingly go to hell.
The biggest sacrifice is to endure humiliation, and the biggest humiliation is to be prepared to resist.
3. Experience is the fertilizer of life. What kind of person will you become with experience? Peony can't be raised in the desert.
I don't know if I'm moving forward or have stopped. I just feel waves in my heart, like a fluctuating black ocean. Darkness is connected with my heart, everything is dim, everything is ups and downs, and everything is in a trance. Xiangzi seemed to be choked by a gust of wind and swallowed several mouthfuls.
This is a collection of Lu Xun's essays recalling his childhood. "Chao" means morning, "Xi" means evening, and picking flowers at night in the morning is to recall the past as an adult. Lu Xun (188 1~ 1936), formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Born in a declining feudal family. China is a great proletarian writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern times, and the founder of modern literature in China. Representative works include: Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, and the first use of the pseudonym "Lu Xun"; The novella The True Story of Ah Q, Collection of Memories Prose, Collection of Novels, Shout, Wandering, etc. 1881On September 25th, Mr. Lu Xun was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. The Zhou family is a big family, and it has been declining since Grandpa Lu Xun's generation. Lu Xun's father is a scholar, because he was dissatisfied with his career all his life, and he has never been admitted to juren. /kloc-when I was 0/2 years old, my grandfather went to prison because of a court case, and my father was seriously ill. /kloc-died at 0/5. During this time, as the eldest son of the family, Lu Xun planned to go in and out between pawn shops and pharmacies every day, deeply feeling the coldness of the current situation. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, Lu Xun left his hometown, advanced to Nanjing Naval Academy, and then transferred to Railway Mining Academy. 1902, graduated with honors and went to Japan for further study. Two years later, he entered Sendai Medical College to study medicine. The slide incident made him deeply realize that it is more important to change China people's numb spirit than to heal their bodies, so he gave up medicine and went into literature. 1909 After Lu Xun returned to China, he taught in Hangzhou, Shaoxing and other places, and then worked in the Ministry of Education in Beijing. During this period, he witnessed the whole process of the Revolution of 1911 from victory to failure, and strengthened the understanding that the urgent task of China society is to transform the national character. 19 17 or so, the new culture movement and the literary revolution have been advocated, and Lu Xun began to write. With the publication of Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel, a large number of literary works were created out of control. Introduction to this book This book is a collection of 10 reminiscence essays written by Lu Xun 1926. The first five articles were written in Beijing and the last five in Xiamen. Originally published in the semi-monthly Mangyuan, the general title was "Reviving the past". 1927 July, Lu Xun re-edited it in Guangzhou, and added "introduction" and "postscript", renamed it "Morning Flowers". 1928 September was first published by Beijing Weiming Society and listed as one of the "unnamed new collections" compiled by the author. 1reprinted in February, 929. 1September, 932, the third edition was rearranged and published by Shanghai North New Bookstore. The cover of this book was painted by Tao. These ten essays are Chronicles of Memories (Three Idle Collections? The Selected Works recorded Lu Xun's life track and experience from childhood to youth completely, and vividly showed the life picture of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. It was an important artistic document to study Lu Xun's early ideological life and the society at that time. These chapters are profound and meaningful, and they are classics in China's modern prose. Regarding the translation of this book, Lu Xun said in a letter to Masuda on April 1934 1 1: "If there is a place for publication, it is good to translate it, but there are too many customs and trivial things about China, which are not easy to understand without annotations, and it is also boring to read with too many annotations." In his letter to Masuda on February 2 1934/KLOC-0, Lu Xun mentioned that Masuda and Haruko Sato jointly translated Selected Works of Lu Xun, saying, "Only Mr. Fujino, please translate and supplement. Fan Ainong writes badly, so it is better to give up what he loves. " From "Hundred Herbs Garden" to "San Tan Yin Yue", Mr. Fujino and other articles in this book were selected as the writing background of middle school Chinese textbooks, and Lu Xun was already an important writer in the literary world when he created "Morning Flowers". 1926 after the "March 18th" tragedy, Lu Xun wrote articles such as "in memory of Liu Hezhen", angrily denounced the shameless behavior of the reactionary government, and was persecuted by the reactionary government, so he had to live a wandering life. He has taken refuge in Yamamoto Hospital and German Hospital. Despite the hard life, I wrote many prose poems and three essays, such as Twenty-four Filial Piety Pictures, Five Canon Meetings and Impermanence, which were later compared with Dogs written by Lu Xun before his tragedy. Cat? Mice, A Chang and Shan Hai Jing were included in the collection of essays "Flowers in the Morning and Flowers in the Evening". 1926 In September, Lu Xun accepted the invitation of Xiamen University to teach in the south, but he only stayed in Xiamen University for more than four months because he found that the air in Xiamen University was as dirty as that in Beijing. Lu Xun saw the ugly faces of all kinds of intellectuals here and attacked them mercilessly. Although Lu Xun doesn't like Xiamen University, he concentrates on his courses, which are very popular with students. After his busy teaching work, Lu Xun wrote many works, including five essays: From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue, Father's Disease, Lock, Mr. Fujino and Fan Ainong. These five essays and five other essays written in Beijing constitute the whole of Flowers in the Morning. Morning Flowers and Evening Flowers was published in 1927. Main content and theme idea "Dog? Cat? Rats-in this article, Mr. Lu Xun cleared the cat of his crimes: first, the cat always plays with its prey to the fullest before eating it; Second, it is related to liger, but he is born with a coquetry; Third, it always howls when it cooperates, which is very annoying; Fourth, it ate a little hidden mouse that I loved when I was a child. Although it turned out that it wasn't the cat, I wouldn't have a good impression on the cat, not to mention that it did eat the rabbit later! This paper takes "cat" as the type, sharply and vividly satirizes people who are similar to cats in life. Chang and Shan Hai Jing-Chang was Lu Xun's nanny when he was a child. Describe the scene of getting along with Chang when I was a child, and describe the kindness, simplicity, superstition and nagging character of my eldest mother. "Eating a full stomach is troublesome etiquette"; I am full of respect and gratitude to her for finding and giving her a long-awaited painting "Shan Hai Jing". The article expresses the sincere memory of this working woman in affectionate language. Twenty-four filial piety pictures-the so-called twenty-four filial piety pictures-are books about twenty-four filial sons in ancient China, with pictures. Its main purpose is to promote feudal filial piety. Starting with the feeling of reading Twenty-four Pictures of Filial Piety when he was a child, Mr. Lu Xun emphatically described the strong antipathy caused by reading two stories, Lao Lai Entertainment and Guo Ju Burying the Son, and vividly exposed the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety. It shows the pitiful five-warehouse meeting of children in China "-the five-warehouse meeting is a meeting with God and a festival of my childhood. Describe the eagerness and excitement of looking forward to seeing God when I was a child, and the feeling of disappointment and pain when my father forced me to carry my sword. It pointed out that compulsory feudal education suppressed and destroyed children's nature. Impermanence-impermanence is a ghost with human feelings. When I went to heady, I saw my mother crying her dead son so sadly that I decided to let her son "go back to the sun for half an hour". As a result, my immediate boss, Yan Luowang, beat me with a big stick. When recalling impermanence, the article occasionally adds a few ironies to the so-called gentleman in reality, and the illusory impermanence gives some comfort to Lu Xun's lonely and sad heart at that time. From Baicao Garden to San Tan Yin Yue —— Describing the fun of being comfortable in Baicao Garden and the boring life of studying in San Tan Yin Yue when I was a child, revealing the sharp contradiction between children's extensive life interests and feudal bookcase education that fetters children's nature, and expressing the reasonable requirements for children's healthy and lively growth. "Father's illness"-the death of his father by a quack doctor has always been a pain buried in Lu Xun's heart. Focusing on the memory of my father's delayed treatment when he was a child, this paper describes the attitudes, styles and prescriptions of several "famous doctors" and reveals the essence of these people's ignorance, mystifying, extortion and disregard for human life. In this article, Lu Xun mainly recalled the process of leaving Shaoxing for Nanjing to study. The work describes the disadvantages and difficulties of studying in Jiangnan Navy School and Mining Railway School at that time, and criticizes the "cigar smoke" of Westernization School. The author described his excitement when he first came into contact with the theory of evolution. He read the theory of evolution hungrily despite the opposition of the older generation and showed a strong desire to explore the truth. "Mr. Fujino"-records the author's study life while studying in Japan, and describes the process of being discriminated and insulted by Japanese students in Sendai Medical College and deciding to abandon medicine and join literature. The author highlights the preciseness, integrity, enthusiasm and noble character of Mr. Fujino, a Japanese teacher, and expresses his deep memory of Mr. Fujino. "Fan Ainong"-traces several life segments that the author contacted with Fan Ainong during his stay in Japan and after returning home, describes Fan Ainong's experience of being dissatisfied with the dark society before the revolution, pursuing the revolution, and being persecuted after the Revolution of 1911, and shows his disappointment with the old democratic revolution and his sympathy and mourning for this upright and stubborn patriot. The artistic technique 1 organically combines narrative, description, lyricism and discussion, and is full of poetry and painting. For example, describing the scenery of the Herb Garden is fascinating. 2. In the deep memory of the past, the author can't forget the reality and insert some "essays" (that is, comment on the reality) from time to time, showing Mr. Lu Xun's true and rich inner world. Such as "dog? Cat? The article "Mouse" not only has the author's deep memories of a cute little hidden mouse in his childhood, but also vividly tells the folk story told by his grandmother, and also reveals the true colors of gentlemen who look like cats in reality. 3, long-term intake of small details in life, see the big with small, write the charm of people and characters, and write the essence of events. For example, impermanence, starting from the fact that impermanence also has a wife and children, not only writes the characteristics of impermanence full of human feelings, but also cleverly satirizes those hypocritical intellectuals in life. The author often uses irony when criticizing and satirizing the old feudal system and morality. Describing the whole story calmly on the surface is actually an irony, which implies the ingenious irony of "saying this and meaning that". For example, in "Father", the process of quack practicing medicine is explained in detail, and there is no positive accusation and irony, but between the lines, the author's angry criticism and irony are everywhere. The author often uses contrast in his prose. For example, "Wu Cang Hui" expresses my disgust and criticism of feudal society through the comparison of mood before and after; By comparing Ghosts with real people, impermanence profoundly depicts the ugly faces of some people whose personalities are not as good as ghosts in real life. "Dog? Cat? The author's love for mice is in sharp contrast to his strong hatred for cats.