1. 1. 1 preparation of nutrient soil.
Select the fully frozen garden soil that has not been planted with the same crop for 2-3 years, sieve it, mix it with fully decomposed manure or compost according to the volume ratio of 3: 1, and seal and preheat it.
1. 1.2 seedbed production. Choose a plot sheltered from the wind and sunny, with good drainage and no medical history as the seedbed. The width of the seedbed is1.2 ~1.3m ... The greenhouse will be built 8 ~ 10 days before sowing. After leveling the seedbed, first lay a layer of old plastic film, then lay a layer of fine fly ash with a thickness of 3-5 ㎝, and then lay an electric hot wire with an interval of 8- 10 ㎝. The heating wire is 80 ~ 100 m and the power is 80 ~ 120 W per square meter. Spread 2㎝ thick nutrient soil on the heating wire, and then put the nutrient bowl.
1. 1.3 Preparation of nutrition bowl. Select a nutrient bowl with a height of 8 ~ 10㎝ and a diameter of 10㎝, and the nutrient soil in the bowl is slightly lower than the height of the bowl. You can also use 32 holes to dish seedlings.
1.2 sowing
1.2. 1 sowing date.
65438+1sow from late October to early February. 1.2.2 seed treatment. Sun the seeds for 4-5 hours before sowing. Soak the seeds in warm water at 55℃ 10 h, stir and cool for 8 ~ 10 h, take them out and wrap them with wet gauze, keep them moist at 30 ~ 33℃ to accelerate germination, and wash them with clean water at 25 ~ 30℃/kloc-0 times a day. More than 80% of the seeds are white and can be sown. 1.2.3 sowing mode. Sowing should be done on a sunny morning. Before sowing, water should be poured on the soles of your feet and a thin layer of subsoil should be sprinkled. Seeds should be spread flat on the subsoil, with 1 ~ 2 seeds per bowl. After sowing, the nutrient soil should be covered with the thickness of 1 ~ 1.2 ㎝, and the bowl room should be covered with garden soil, and then covered with plastic film to build a small arch shed.
1.3 seedling management
1.3. 1 temperature.
After sowing, the temperature should be raised mainly before full sowing, and the seedbed should be kept airtight. The temperature should be kept at 25 ~ 30℃ during the day and 18 ~ 20℃ at night. At night, it should be covered with straw curtains or non-woven fabrics for heat preservation, and the temperature should be raised during the day when 80% seedlings emerge, and the plastic film should be removed. After full emergence, the seedlings should be properly cooled and exercised at 23 ~ 25℃ during the day and 15 ~ 18℃ at night. Before planting 10 day, gradually reduce the temperature and control the water, 18 ~ 23℃ during the day and 10 ~ 15℃ at night. 1.3.2 moisture. After all the seedlings are planted, they should be properly ventilated and dehumidified. In the future, when the topsoil turns white at noon on a sunny day and the leaves wilt slightly, water should be supplemented appropriately. The difference between the watering temperature and the temperature in the shed is ≤5℃.
1.3.3 others.
Sprinkle 1 ~ 2 times of preheated dry fine soil for root protection after full seedlings, and select 1 ~ 2 strong seedlings in each pot; In the middle and late stage of seedling raising, when the seedlings are flourishing or dense, you can manually move the seedling pots, increase the distance between the pots, exercise the seedlings and root up.
2 Colonization
2. 1 border tillage, fertilization and soil preparation
2. 1. 1 base fertilizer. Apply 3 000 ~ 4 000 ㎏ decomposed organic fertilizer and 20 ~ 25 ㎏ 45% ternary compound fertilizer every 667m2.
2. 1.2 soil preparation. Before soil preparation, turn over the soil and sun for 8 ~ 10 days, and prepare the soil when the soil moisture is suitable. For plants planted on both sides of the shed, small ridges with a width of 0.3m and a height of 0. 1m; Should be promoted to a distance of 0.6m from the edge of the shed; For those planted in the middle of the shed, a small ridge with a width of 0.3m and a height of 0. 1m should be built in the middle of the shed. Dig a drainage ditch around the shed with a width of 0.3m and a depth of 0.25m, and leave a working ditch with a width of 0.4m and a depth of 0. 1m in the shed. 5 ~ 7 days before planting, cover the planting ridge with plastic film to raise the temperature.
2.2 planting method 2.2. 1 seedling size. Plants are robust, cotyledons are complete and plump, leaves are dark green, there are no pests and diseases, and there are many new white roots. The seedling age is 2 leaves 1 heart ~ 3 leaves 1 heart, and the seedling age is 30 ~ 40 days.
2.2.2 Planting time. In the first half of March, the plants were planted on sunny days with warmer temperatures.
2.2.3 Planting density. There is a single row in the middle of the greenhouse, with 2 plants per hole, each hole 1 plant, and the hole spacing is 0.55m, with 380 ~ 400 plants per 667m2. Cotyledons should be exposed to soil when transplanting. The planting mouth is closed with fine soil and covered with a shed.
3 Site management
3. 1 temperature tree growth period: the temperature is controlled at 25 ~ 30℃ during the day and at 15 ~ 20℃ at night. Tree emergence stage: controlled at 20 ~ 25℃ during the day and 12 ~ 16℃ at night. Flowering and fruit-setting period: the temperature is controlled at 23 ~ 25℃ during the day and ventilated when it is ≥28℃; ≥ 15℃ at night. When the average temperature of the day is stable above 65438 08℃, remove the greenhouse film. It is usually carried out from the end of May to the beginning of June.
3.2 Fertilizer and water management at seedling stage, applying 3-5 "urea and 500" water every 667m2. After the first batch of melons are harvested, topdressing 1 time every 10 ~ 15 days, topdressing with urea 10㎏ potassium dihydrogen phosphate ㎏ 1 000㎏ water. Results The humidity in the field was kept at 60% ~ 70% before the harvest, and kept at 70% ~ 80% during the fruit-setting period, and the water was drained in time after the rain.
3.3 guide vines and pruning
3.3. 1 Erect vines.
When the seedling is 30 cm high, insert the bracket. If two plants are planted in the middle, a 2-meter-high "human" frame is set up with thin bamboo poles; A row on both sides, with a single short bamboo pole and nylon wire, pulling vines by steel scaffolding. After the main vines are placed on the steel shed, they can be guided in stages to promote uniform distribution.
3.3.2 Pruning. Remove the lateral vines and early hard fruits in time after germination. After harvesting, a female flower can be left on the lateral vine to pick up the heart of the growing place; Cut off all the side vines in the growing field. In the middle and late growth stage, diseased leaves, old leaves and lateral small vines are cut off continuously to ensure that scattered light spots can be seen on the ground under the shed.
3.4 Assisted pollination Before mid-May, the pollen of male flowers was collected manually and lightly coated on the stigma of female flowers at 7:00-9:00 on sunny days and 8:00- 10:00 on cloudy days.
3.5 After the ground temperature rises in early and middle May, soil will be cultivated near the rhizosphere in early June and covered with 8~ 10cm thick straw.
4 pest control
4. 1 The main pests and diseases are damping-off, epidemic disease and bacterial angular leaf spot, and the main pests are melon silk moth, aphid and snail.
4.2 The principle of prevention and control follows the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control" and adheres to the principle of "agricultural and biological prevention and control first, supplemented by chemical prevention and control".
4.3 Agricultural prevention and control should reasonably rotate crops and cultivate healthy seedlings of appropriate age to promote the robust growth of seedlings. Waterlogging, fertilizer damage and drug damage should be avoided during the whole growth period. Timely check and clear the sick and disabled in the field, optimize and control fitness cultivation, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
4.4 After biological control planting, combined with watering live trees, irrigate the roots with 500-750 ㎏ of EM biological bacteria 1 000ml water every 667m2 to inhibit soil germs.
4.5 When chemical pesticides are used in chemical control, the safe interval of pesticide use should be strictly controlled. Give priority to the use of pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, and strictly prohibit the use of pesticides with high toxicity, high toxicity and high residue, pesticides that are not allowed to be used in vegetables according to state regulations, and compound agents containing these pesticides.