1. Hand washing: When it may be contaminated after contact with blood, body fluids, excreta and secretions, wash your hands after taking off gloves or use quick hand disinfectant.

2. Gloves: gloves should be worn when contacting blood, body fluids, excreta, secretions and damaged skin mucosa; Gloves can prevent the possibility that medical staff will transmit the flora on their hands to patients; Gloves can prevent medical personnel from becoming a medium of infection with microorganisms, that is, prevent medical personnel from spreading pathogens contaminated from patients or the environment among people. Always change gloves between two patients; Gloves can't replace hand washing.

3. Masks, goggles and masks: Wearing masks and goggles can also reduce the splashing of infectious substances such as body fluids, blood and secretions of patients on the eyes, mouth and nasal mucosa of medical staff.

4. isolation gown: It is only used when passing through isolation gown, so as to prevent it from being polluted by infectious blood, secretions, exudates, splashing water and a large number of infectious substances. Wash your hands immediately after taking off isolation gown to avoid polluting other patients and the environment.

5. Disposal of contaminated instruments and medical equipment. Reusable medical supplies and medical instruments should be disinfected or sterilized in time when they are used for the next patient.

6. When resuscitation is needed in the emergency place, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration is replaced by simple airbag.

7. Medical wastes shall be treated harmlessly in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. Medical wastes shall be strictly classified, and sharps shall be placed in sharps boxes to prevent needle stick injuries.

8. Disinfection and sterilization of environment and object surface. Regularly clean the hospital environment and the surface of articles, and disinfect them at any time in case of pollution.

Second, the basic characteristics of standard prevention

1. Isolation: The standard isolation includes not only the patient's blood and all body fluids, but also the patient's secretions and excretions. It is necessary to prevent the spread of both blood-borne diseases and non-blood-borne diseases;

2. The object of prevention: emphasize two-way protection, which not only prevents the disease from spreading from patients to medical staff, but also prevents the disease from spreading from medical staff to patients;

3. Isolation method: According to the main transmission route of the disease, take corresponding isolation measures, including contact isolation, air isolation and particle isolation.

Extended data:

I. Three major isolation systems

On the basis of standard preventive measures, contact isolation, air isolation and droplet isolation are implemented.

Because the basic preventive measures of standard prevention cannot prevent infectious diseases spread through air, droplets and contact. Therefore, after waiting for diagnosis or definite diagnosis, it is necessary to take corresponding isolation measures according to the transmission route of some clinical infectious diseases or epidemic drug-resistant bacteria infections.

Second, contact isolation

Contact transmission is the main and common transmission route of hospital infection, which generally includes direct transmission and indirect transmission.

Prevention of diseases transmitted through direct or indirect contact, such as multidrug-resistant bacteria, Shigella dysenteriae, hepatitis A virus, rotavirus infection, parainfluenza virus, infant enterovirus infection, etc.

Third, the preventive measures of contact isolation

1, preventive measures In addition to the implementation of standard prevention, specific measures include:

2. Isolation room;

3. Wash hands and gloves;

4. isolation gown;

5. Restrict the patient from leaving the isolation room. When it is necessary to transport patients, both patients and transport personnel should be protected to prevent infection and spread;

6. Equipment: Used reusable equipment should be cleaned and properly disinfected before being used by the next patient.

7. Properly dispose of medical wastes;

8. Use isolation signs, etc.

References:

Standard prevention Baidu encyclopedia