Ba Jin, a contemporary writer, is from Chengdu, Sichuan. 1920 entered Chengdu Foreign Studies University. 1923 fled the feudal family and studied in middle schools in Shanghai and Nanjing. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/927, he went to France to study and wrote his first novel, Death, which was published under the pseudonym of Ba Jin. /kloc-returned to Shanghai at the end of 0/928 to engage in creation and translation. From 1929 to 1937, he wrote Home, which mainly represented novels, the Riptide Trilogy, as well as Dream of the Sea, Autumn in Spring, Satin, MengMeng (Snow), Rebirth and Love Trilogy. Ghosts? People and other short stories, as well as essays such as A Journey to the Sea, Memories and Notes. With his unique style and rich creation, Lu Xun called him "a writer with enthusiasm and progressive thoughts, one of the few good writers". In the meantime, he served as the editor-in-chief of Cultural Life Publishing House, and the editor-in-chief publications included Wen Ji Monthly and Literature Series.
After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Ba Jin devoted himself to anti-Japanese and national salvation cultural activities in various places, edited newspapers and periodicals such as Shout and Wang Jiu Daily, created a sequel to Home, Spring and Autumn Annals, a trilogy of anti-Japanese novels (also known as Fire), and published a collection of short stories, a revived soul, little people and trivia, and a collection of essays. Tiger? Dogs, etc. In the late period and after the Anti-Japanese War, Ba Jin's creation turned to criticize the dark reality in the Kuomintang-controlled areas and strongly criticized and attacked the old system that was about to collapse. The novella "The Garden of Resting", "The Fourth Ward" and the novel "Cold Night" with artistic characteristics are representative works in this respect.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Ba Jin served as vice chairman of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, chairman of the Chinese Writers Association, chairman of the China Pen Club Center, vice chairman of the China People's Political Consultative Conference, and editor-in-chief of Harvest magazine. He paid close attention to and supported various activities aimed at prospering literary creation, participated in international literary exchange activities abroad for many times, and initiated the establishment of China Modern Literature Museum. He published a collection of short stories, reportage, living among heroes and prose.
Collection of Fire, Collection of Prose Novels, Recent Works of Ba Jin, Collection of Five Proses, Selected Works of Ba Jin in Sixty Years, Memoirs of Creation, etc. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, most of China people's works were included in 14 Volume "Collected Works of Ba Jin", and the newly compiled "Complete Works of Ba Jin" was published one after another from 1986. His works have been translated into many foreign languages and published. Over the years, he has also published a large number of translated works. Ba Jin's novels are most famous for the collapse of the old family and the rebellion of the younger generation. Home is the most successful and influential masterpiece in this field, which shocked the hearts of several generations of young readers and established his important position in the history of modern literature. He is good at pouring his feelings into beautiful narration and sincere and simple description, which is delicate and unique, and has his own touching personality strength.
Bing Xin's resume
Bing Xin (1900101October 5th-1999 February), formerly known as Xie Wanying. Originally from Changle, Fujian, he was born in Fuzhou. I spent my childhood in Yantai, Shandong. 19 13 The whole family moved to Beijing. When the May 4th Movement broke out, she was greatly influenced. Since September of 19 19, she has written many problem novels under the pseudonym of Bing Xin, such as Two Families, You Are Alone and Helpless and Poor, Autumn Rain, Killing People, Going to the Countryside, etc. It has aroused strong repercussions in society. 192 1, join the literature research society. At this time, his works mostly describe the "philosophy of love" around maternal love, childlike innocence and natural beauty, including superman and boredom. From 65438 to 0920, influenced by Tagore's Birds, he wrote short poems "Stars" and "Spring Water", which attracted the attention of literary circles. 1923 went to the graduate school of Wellesley Women's University in the United States in August, and was hospitalized for seven months due to illness. The representative works of this period are Wu and To Young Readers. 1926, returned to China with a master's degree in literature, and taught in yenching university, Tsinghua University and Beiping Women's College of Arts and Sciences successively. The novels Fen in 193 1 and Girl in 1934 both show the deepening and breakthrough of the "philosophy of love". From 65438 to 0946, she went to Japan with her husband Wu Wenzao and was invited to teach at the University of Tokyo. L 9565438 Return to China in autumn +0. After liberation, he published essays, novels, poems and songs, such as "Little Orange Lantern", "Ode to Cherry Blossoms" and "Send to Young Readers". 1954, was elected as the deputy to the National People's Congress and served as the vice chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. He is now a member of the Fifth Standing Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference. Besides writing, Bing Xin has also translated some foreign literary works.
Brief introduction of Lao She
Lao She was born in/kloc-0 on February 3, 1999 and died in/kloc-0 on August 24, 1966. She was Manchu, formerly known as Shu Qingchun, and was born in Beijing.
Lao She was born in a poor family in Beijing on February 3, 1999. 1900- 1906, with the support of others, Lao She went to a private school to study; Three years later, I transferred to another school. 19 12, studied in an ordinary middle school for half a year after graduating from primary school; In the second year, I was admitted to Beijing Normal School, and all the accommodation was provided by the state. 19 18. After graduating with honors, Lao She was appointed as the principal of the 17th public primary school and ethnic school in Beijing. From September, 65438 to September, 0920, he was promoted to the northern suburb to persuade students, and concurrently served as a private primary school teacher and manager of the Mandarin Counseling Society.
Lao She lived in England for five years.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/929, France, Germany, Italy and other countries returned to China.
Lao She is in London.
1930 In March, Lao She returned to the motherland.
Xiangzi Camel, a novel serialized in Cosmic Wind since September 1936.
He used to be a member of the State Council Culture and Education Committee, a deputy to the National People's Congress, a member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a vice-chairman of the Chinese Federation of Literary and Art Circles, a vice-chairman of the Chinese Writers Association, a member of the Beijing Municipal People's Committee and the chairman of the Beijing Federation of Literary and Art Circles. 195 1 year, Beijing Municipal People's Government awarded him the title of "People's Artist".
The author of a novel:
Lao Zhang's philosophy, Zhao Ziyue, Ermayina, Cat City, divorce, biography of Niu Tianci, cremation, four generations under one roof, camel Xiangzi.
The author of a collection of short stories:
Train collection, anemia collection, Bashan collection in the East China Sea and popular literature collection, March 41 ST, market, Sakura Sea collection and mussel algae collection.
The main scripts are: "the country is supreme"? Cooperation with Song, face problem, peach and plum spring breeze? Zhao Qingge, Zhang Zizhong, the dragon and the snake are in the world, who arrived in Chongqing first and then returned to Chongqing.
Dramas: Fang Mingzhu, Longxugou, Teahouse, Chunhua Qiushi, Looking at Chang 'an in the West, Salesgirl, Red Courtyard, Family Portrait, Shenquan, etc.
Introduction to Laozi
Taishang Laojun is a Taoist honorific title for Laozi. Lao Zi's surname is Li Minger, whose name is Bo Yang, and he is from Zhong Er, also known as Lao Dan. During the Spring and Autumn Period, he was born in the ancient county of Chu (now Qurenli, Lu Yi, Henan). He once worked as a Tibetan herdsman in the Zhou Dynasty and wrote a 5,000-word Tao Te Ching. Later, Taoism respected him as the founder.
Legend has it that this old gentleman was born at the beginning of the royal family and is familiar with the principles of nature. He is called the teacher of all laws in heaven. Although the old gentleman has been reflected in all previous dynasties, he has never been given the opportunity to be born. Therefore, I am in harmony with the world so that I can teach the world. He first named the mysterious jade girl as the daughter of the Yin family in Tianshui. After that, it was deified from Taiqing fairyland and sent to the mysterious jade girl's belly. After the birth of a jade girl, her appearances are often less, and she looks at ease. Where she lives, the six spirits are peaceful, and all evils are inviolable. There is no cold in winter and no heat in summer. There is always auspicious light shining around, and the five elements of beasts guard the front of the temple. In this way, after 80 years, one day, Jade Girl dreamed that the sky was tens of feet high, and a group of real people came out with the sun, surrounded by mysterious clouds. Jade girl woke up, got up and came to the vortex water garden. At this time, the sun had just risen, and the jade girl stood on the plum tree, pulling the branches with her hands and staring at the sun for a long time. Slowly, I saw the essence of the sun getting smaller and smaller, falling from the sky and becoming a meteor, such as colorful beads flying to my mouth, and the jade girl quickly grabbed it and swallowed it. Suddenly a child was born from the left rib. When the child was born, he took nine steps, and where he fell, the lotus bloomed. His left hand pointed to the sky, and his right hand pointed to the ground, saying, "I am the only one in heaven and on earth." I want to carry forward the supreme Tao and help all beings. " Jade girl helped him sit under the plum tree. He pointed to the tree and said, "The name of this tree is my family name." At this time, the sun is shining, the trees are swaying and the cranes are flying, which is called the nine-day celebration. Jade girl looked at him and saw that he was ruddy, with sunshine on his head, white blood and golden face. Three leaks in the ear, wide eyebrows. Jade girl took him to the pool to take a bath. Suddenly, she saw nine dragonflies coming, turned them into nine giant carp and gave him a bath. At this point, he can speak and act, and everyone who sees him feels very strange. Nine days after the child was born, his body changed nine times. At the age of six, he grew up and was named Zhong Er and Bai Yang. People call him Laozi because he is born with white hair. Shortly after Yu Nv gave birth to Lao Zi, her father's spirit flew to immortality, and Yu Nv was ready to return to heaven, so she invited Lao Zi to say, "I'm leaving, and a gentleman from Taiyi Yuan Jun will teach you the art of alchemy." After that, there were thousands of chariots and horses, and the five emperors went to the truth, carrying eight scenic jade and welcoming the jade girl to heaven.
After seeing off my mother, Lao Tzu began to go to Shanze to look for an alchemy pill. He came to Laoshan Mountain and asked Taiyi Yuan Jun at the order of the Virgin Mary. Taiyi Yuan Jun gave him the skills of practicing elixir and various spells. Lao Tzu once asked Yuan Jun: "Where the people are ignorant, there are many people who die;" Soothes the bleeding of the soul and makes people sad. I want to give them magic medicine so that they can live forever. Is that okay? " Yuan Jun said, "No way. Everything is born with good and evil. Good people should live and bad people should die. You can't give all the panacea. "
When I got this statement, I respected it and advised the world; That is, the so-called way of deifying immortals must be practiced with sincerity. Laozi, on the other hand, kept the truth and embraced it, and was impressed by the alchemy until he could take advantage of it and get out of it, which was unpredictable.
When he was in Zhou Wenwang, he was asked to preserve the history of Tibet. The samurai, when he became king, was also Schlein. Wang Zhao, go and officially retire. Later, in order to educate the Western Regions, in the 23rd year of Zhao Haoqi, he rode a green ox and prepared for Hangu Pass. When Guanyin knew about it, she came to Tao. Seeing that he was sincere, Lao Tzu left 5,000 mantras, that is, the Tao Te Ching, which was told by later generations. Because of these five thousand words, he became the great immortal of Sanqing and was regarded as the founder of Taoism.
In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, there was a man named Ji Shan in Jinzhou. One day, Lushan was walking on Yangjiao Mountain when he saw an old man riding a white horse slowly. He is handsome and handsome. The old man came to Jishan and told him his life story. Jishan told Tang Gaozu about it. Gaozu thinks this is a big event, and he can boast about his ancestors and recognize the old man as his ancestors. So, a temple was built at the place where Yang Jiaoshan met the old man. The old man was honored as the Emperor of the Supreme Yuan Dynasty, also known as the old gentleman. In this way, the old man became the ancestor of the royal family in the Tang Dynasty.
Introduction of Mencius
Mencius (372-289 BC) was born in Zou, a native of Shandong in the middle of the Warring States Period. A disciple of Confucius' grandson Zisi, he traveled to Song, Teng, Wei, Qi and other countries to explain his political views and worked in Qi. In his later years, he retired to write books and handed down seven pieces of Mencius. He was a representative of Confucianism in the middle of the Warring States Period.
Mencius' thought originated from Confucius. Mencius developed Confucius' "benevolence" into the theory of "benevolent government". He believes that to implement "benevolent government", it is necessary to "control the people's permanent production" so that every farmer can have a hundred acres of land, five acres of houses and the minimum means of production; "Don't rob the farming season" to ensure that farmers have time to work; "save punishment and light taxes" to give people the lowest material living conditions; Strengthen moral education to make people understand the truth of "filial piety and faith". Mencius saw that the people were being exploited and oppressed by the feudal landlord class, and tried to take these measures to ease class contradictions and consolidate the rule of the landlord class, but it was still conducive to the development of production. In connection with the theory of "benevolent government", Mencius also put forward the view that "the people are more valuable than the monarch", saying: "the people are more valuable, the country is second, and the monarch is lighter" (Mencius). He believes that only with the support of the people can the monarch achieve and maintain his dominant position. Therefore, he advocated that Zhang Guojun should practice "benevolent government" and "share happiness" with the people. China people can kill the monarch who destroys the people. Shang Zhouwang is a famous violent monarch in history. The king of Wu attacked Zhou. He thought it was right to kill him. He said, "I've heard about killing a husband, but I don't know about killing a king" (Mencius Hui Liang Wang Xia). Although Mencius sympathized with the people and condemned the tyrannical monarch, his political thought still maintained the feudal system, so he preached: "The industrious rule the people, and the industrious rule the people." Treat people eat people, treat people eat people, which makes sense in the world "("Mencius Teng Wengong "). This view has long been the theoretical basis for defending the exploitation system.
Introduction to Hugo
Hugo (L802 ~ 1885)
He was the leader of the positive romantic literary movement in the early19th century and an outstanding bourgeois democratic writer in the history of French literature. The leading thought that runs through his life activities and creation is humanitarianism, opposing violence and controlling "evil" with love. His creative period is over 60 years, and his works include 26 volumes of poems, 20 volumes of novels, 79 volumes of drama 12 and 2 1 volume of philosophical works.
Many of them have added a splendid cultural heritage to the treasure house of French literature and human culture. His masterpieces include Notre Dame de Paris and Les Miserables.
Hugo experienced almost all the major events in France in the19th century. He worshipped chateaubriand, an early French romantic writer, since he was a child. 1827 Cromwell and: Preface, a poetic script known as the manifesto of the French romantic drama movement, is an extremely important literary work of Hugo. 1830, he wrote the first romantic drama El Nani according to the theory in the preface, and its performance marked the victory of romanticism over classicism.
Notre Dame de Paris (183 1) is Hugo's first large-scale romantic novel. It wrote a story that happened in France in the15th century: Claude, the vice bishop of Notre Dame, was hypocritical and snake-hearted, and loved first and then hated, persecuting the gypsy girl Ais Melar. Quasimodo, the ugly and kind bell ringer, gave his life to save the girl. The novel exposes the hypocrisy of religion, declares the bankruptcy of asceticism, praises the kindness, friendship and self-sacrifice of the lower working people, and embodies Hugo's humanitarian thought.
Les Miserables best represents Hugo's thought and artistic style. With his outstanding artistic charm, he showed the cruel reality of enslavement of working people and forced prostitution in capitalist society. However, the author is convinced that only moral influence is the best way to cure social disasters. Although there are many realistic factors in the novel, it is a romantic masterpiece in terms of characterization, environmental description, symbolism and contrast skills.