This is 60 years full of passion and dreams; This is an era in which reform and reconstruction are intertwined, and sea water and flame blend. Under the leadership of the Chinese Productive Party, the people of China have created a miracle of development in the history of China and the history of the world.
We are determined to reform and have successfully achieved a historic leap from a planned economic system to a socialist market economic system.
After years of war, the new Republic was devastated and everything was in ruins. The party and government turned the tide, unified finance and economics, confiscated bureaucratic capital, established state-owned economy, carried out land reform, and the national economy recovered rapidly. 1953, China put forward the general line for the transition period, and established the goal of realizing national industrialization and socialist transformation of private ownership of means of production, and the "First Five-Year Plan" was launched accordingly. In the following 20 years, four five-year plans were implemented continuously. Although there have been setbacks, stagnation and hesitation, many achievements have been made. By 1979, there were 350,000 industrial enterprises in China, and the fixed assets of enterprises owned by the whole people reached 320 billion yuan, equivalent to 25 times of the industrial fixed assets accumulated in the past century in old China. An independent and relatively complete industrial system and national economic system have been established, and the socialist public ownership and planned economic system have played an important historical role. With the progress of the times, this system has gradually exposed some drawbacks. 1979, on the basis of profound summary and thinking, Deng Xiaoping made a surprising remark: "Why can't socialism engage in a market economy?" 1982 the report of the twelfth national congress of the communist party of China defined the non-public economy as "a necessary and beneficial supplement to the public economy" for the first time. The 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China established a socialist market economy with China characteristics. 1992 During Deng Xiaoping's southern tour, the standard of "three benefits" was put forward for the first time, emphasizing that development is the last word. Taking this opportunity, the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in the same year clearly stated for the first time that the goal of China's economic system reform is to establish a socialist market economic system. Since then, the public ownership economy and the non-public ownership economy have made a leap from "opposition theory" to "complementarity theory" and then to "* * * common development theory".
Looking back on the process of China's transformation from planned economy to socialist market economy, the vigorous development of non-public economy is the most dynamic chapter. From 1978 to 2008, the proportion of the non-public sector in the national GDP increased from less than 1% to 65%, which absorbed 80% of the newly employed population, contributed 7 1% of tax revenue and 70% of technological innovation. At the same time, after the liberation of state-owned enterprises from the highly centralized planned economy system, the productivity has been greatly improved. From 2002 to 2007, the sales revenue of state-owned enterprises in China increased from 8.53 trillion yuan to 18 trillion yuan, with an average annual growth of 16. 1%. The realized profit increased from 378.6 billion yuan to 654.38+62 billion yuan, with an average annual increase of 33.7%; The tax paid increased from 679.4 billion yuan to 654.3.8+0.57 billion yuan, with an average annual increase of 654.38+0.8%.
Second, opening wider to the outside world, successfully achieving a great turning point from closed and semi-closed to all-round opening.
Before the reform and opening up, due to the blockade of western countries, China was basically in a semi-closed state, and its foreign trade scale was very small. From 65438 to 0978, the total import and export volume was only $20.6 billion, and reached $2.56 trillion in 2008, ranking third in the world, second only to the United States and Germany. Foreign exchange reserves exceeded 2 trillion, ranking first in the world. At present, the daily import and export trade volume of China is equivalent to 4.6 times that of 1950. The structure of China's export products has also undergone a qualitative change, from exporting raw materials and basic consumer goods to high-tech products. At present, mechanical and electrical products account for more than 90% of export products. China is rapidly changing from a big trading country to a powerful trading country, and a number of national brands such as Lenovo, Haier and Huawei have become world-class brands.
Before 1978, China basically had no foreign capital utilization, and now it has become the developing country that attracts the most foreign capital in the world. In the 30 years of reform and opening up, the actual utilization of foreign capital has accumulated to nearly 1 trillion US dollars. At present, 635,000 foreign-funded enterprises have settled in China, and more than 480 of the world's top 500 enterprises have invested in China. Since the new century, China has begun to "go out" in a planned and step-by-step way. In 2003, China's non-financial foreign direct investment was $2.8 billion, and reached $40.6 billion in 2008, with an average annual growth rate of over 70% in recent five years. By the end of 2008, China's non-financial overseas investment had reached $654.38+05 billion, distributed in more than 654.38+070 countries and regions around the world. Extensive and in-depth international cooperation has promoted the economic development of China and made great contributions to the development of the world economy.
Third, scientific development, promoting economic construction and comprehensive national strength to jump continuously.
After the founding of New China, China has gradually established a relatively complete industrial system and national economic system, showing the superiority of socialism. However, 1966 started the "Cultural Revolution" with class struggle as its core, which caused social unrest and economic stagnation. 1978, China started the reform and opening-up journey centered on economic construction, and the national economy snowballed from then on: in the 27 years from 1949 to 1986, the total economic output of China only exceeded 1 trillion yuan; From 1 trillion to 200 1 trillion, it took1trillion years; It will reach 20 trillion by 2006, and it will take five years; 30 trillion yuan in 2008, only two years. The economic scale of 1978 accounts for 1.8% of the global economy, and it accounted for 6% in 2008. In just 30 years, China has gone through the course of more than 200 years in western countries, and gradually embarked on the road of comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development.
China's comprehensive national strength is growing rapidly-
* * * At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's transportation foundation was weak. All the railway, highway and air miles add up to less than 654.38+million kilometers, and the annual passenger traffic is only/kloc-0.40 billion passengers. By 2008, the only land transportation mileage in China was nearly 3.73 million kilometers, and 99.2% of towns and villages had expressways, with the expressway mileage exceeding 60,000 kilometers, ranking second in the world, only next to the United States. The annual passenger traffic is as high as 26.8 billion passengers; The total cargo transportation in China reached 24.9 billion tons, which was 56 times higher than 19491600,000 tons.
The level of energy industry in old China was extremely low, and it was monopolized by imperialism and bureaucratic capital. After the founding of New China, an energy supply pattern with coal as the main body, electricity as the center and all-round development of oil, gas and renewable energy was gradually formed, and the self-sufficiency rate reached over 90%, making it the second largest energy producer in the world.
1950, the steel output of China was only 6 1 10,000 tons, while that of the United States was 87 million tons and that of Britain was16.55 million tons. In order to "surpass Britain and catch up with the United States", we once "made a big steel smelting" nationwide. Since 1996, China's steel output has been ranked first in the world for 13 years. 10 years later, in 2008, Baosteel developed the first volume of "oriented silicon steel" and climbed to the top of the "Everest" of steel manufacturing technology.
1949, there were 130 different brands of cars on the roads in China, all of which were made in China. From 1956, the first "Jiefang" was rolled off the assembly line, with an annual output of 6 1 vehicle. By 2008, the annual output of 9.345 million vehicles surpassed that of the United States, ranking second in the world, but it was just over 50 years. ...
So many great changes are enough to fascinate historians. What is the secret? General Secretary Hu Jintao concluded at the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China: "The fundamental reason for all our achievements and progress comes down to opening up the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and forming the system of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory."
Reform and opening up are not over, and we are still on the road.
Second, agricultural leap: from "paying imperial grain" to receiving subsidies
In 2006, Wang Sanni, a farmer from Hebei Province, took out 80,000 yuan originally intended to buy a car and cast a 252 kg "Farewell to Land Tax" tripod. An inscription of more than 560 words records a major event: from June 65438+ 10/in 2006, Chinese farmers no longer have to pay agricultural taxes. At this point, the "imperial grain national tax" that lasted for 2600 years has become history. Since the beginning of the new century, in order to bridge the gap between urban and rural areas and let farmers share the fruits of reform and opening up more, while canceling the agricultural tax, the state has also introduced a series of policies to benefit farmers, such as improved seed subsidies and direct grain subsidies, which have greatly boosted people's hearts.
There are many memorable agricultural events like this. The land reform from 1950 to 1952 ended the feudal land exploitation system for thousands of years, and more than 300 million poor farmers were allocated their land for the first time. From 65438 to 0956, the socialist transformation of agriculture was basically completed, but due to the fanaticism of "running into * * * productism", agricultural production fell into a low tide. The planned economic system is conducive to concentrating on great things, but it also exposes the disadvantages of low efficiency and lack of incentives. The end of the ten-year "Cultural Revolution" gave people the courage to change. 1in the winter of 1978, eight farmers in Xiaogang Village, Fengyang, Anhui Province/kloc-0 quietly signed a "life and death contract" of "fixing production quotas for each household", which opened the grand reform prelude of China. From 1982 to 1986, the central government issued the "No.1 Document" for five consecutive years, affirming the initiative of Xiaogang farmers, popularizing the "household contract responsibility system" throughout the country, and inspiring the enthusiasm of hundreds of millions of farmers to get rich through labor. From 2004 to 2009, the central government issued six "No.1 documents" in succession, the core idea of which is that cities support rural areas and industries feed back agriculture. The countryside has entered a new stage of implementing Scientific Outlook on Development and coordinating urban and rural development, and "giving more and taking less and letting go" has become the main theme of agriculture in the new period. In the past five years, the central government has spent a total of10.6 trillion yuan on agriculture, rural areas and farmers. It is under the correct leadership of the Party that 60 years of agriculture has made remarkable achievements.
First, the output and per capita possession of major agricultural products such as grain have increased substantially. China is a large agricultural country with a large population. The old China was invaded by foreign powers, the agricultural production level was extremely low, and 80% of the population was in a state of hunger for a long time. 1949, the national grain output was only 1 132 billion kg, and the per capita share was less than 2 10 kg. In 2008, the total grain output reached 528.5 billion kilograms, increasing for five consecutive years, and the per capita possession reached 406 kilograms, effectively responding to the global food crisis. We have solved the problem of feeding 22% of the world's population with 0/0% of the world's arable land, and the food self-sufficiency rate has reached 95%!
Second, the level of agricultural mechanization has been greatly improved, and "scientific and technological efficiency" has achieved fruitful results. In the 60 years since the founding of New China, especially in the 30 years since the reform and opening-up, the mechanical working area of main crops such as wheat, rice and soybean has increased greatly. The total power of agricultural machinery in China increased from 1. 1.75 million kilowatts to 765.9 million kilowatts in 2007, an increase of 5.5 times. Agricultural science and technology have made breakthroughs in a series of major core technologies such as hybrid rice, hybrid corn and transgenic insect-resistant cotton, and cultivated and popularized more than 6,000 new crop varieties and combinations. At the same time, the popularization and application of a large number of achievements such as major cultivation techniques and integrated pest control have increased the grain output from 65438+68.6 kg per mu in 0949 to more than 3 10 kg in 2008. In particular, hybrid rice breeding technology is in the leading position in the world, and the yield of rice is as high as 800 kg.
Third, the agricultural structure is constantly optimized, and agriculture, agriculture, animal husbandry, fishing and forestry go hand in hand. After 60 years of adjustment, China has basically formed regional production of planting industry. Commercial grain provided by Henan, Heilongjiang and other major grain-producing provinces 13 accounts for more than 80% of the country; China has formed the northeast soybean and corn belt. Peanut and wheat belt in Huang-Huai-Hai area; Rapeseed belt in the Yangtze River basin; Yellow River Basin and Northwest Inland Cotton Industry Belt. Since the reform and opening up, the "courtyard economy" benefits of planting fruit trees in front of farmers' houses are obvious, and the fruit and vegetable bases facing large and medium-sized cities have developed rapidly. The production capacity of animal husbandry has been significantly enhanced. At present, the total output of meat and eggs in China ranks first in the world; The per capita possession of meat, milk and eggs exceeds the world average. The development of fishery production is strong, and the average annual growth rate of aquatic products reaches 10.5%, which is 7.4% higher than that of the world fishery in the same period, ranking among the top in the world. Ten key projects, such as "preventing and controlling desertification", "returning farmland to forests", afforestation and improving the ecological environment, have achieved results. The forest area in China has increased from 82.8 million hectares in 1949, and the forest coverage rate is only 8.6%, increasing to 1745438+00000 hectares. The plantation area ranks first in the world and the coverage rate has increased to 18.438+0%.
Fourth, the development of township industries has promoted the process of urbanization. 1978, the added value of township enterprises nationwide was 20.9 billion yuan, reaching nearly 1 trillion yuan in 2007. With the process of rural industrialization, the urbanization level of China has also increased from 1978 to 17.9% in 2007, which has become a strong driving force for economic growth.
If agriculture is abundant, the foundation will be strong, if farmers are rich, the country will prosper, and if the countryside is stable, the society will be safe. "Agriculture, rural areas and farmers" will be the top priority of future economic development, and the prospect of new socialist countryside can be expected!
Three livelihood improvements: from being hungry to drinking slimming tea.
Food is the most important thing for people. However, for a long time after the founding of New China, due to natural and man-made disasters, there was a serious shortage of materials and food, and it became people's greatest wish to have enough to eat. Uncle Zhang lives in the countryside and can say a lot about eating. When I was a child, it was "pumpkin pumpkin, eat it every day, no oil and little salt, it is rare"; Now, he often says, "In the 1970s, we were full; In the 1980s, we tasted the sweetness; In the 1990s, we had quality. Today, we eat healthily. Many people are beginning to worry about losing weight and drinking slimming tea! "
Uncle Zhang's story is a microcosm of the improvement of people's livelihood in China. There are four main achievements in people's livelihood in these 60 years:
First, the income level of urban and rural residents has improved significantly. In the early days of the founding of New China, according to the United Nations Human Development Index, China was a giant slum: 90% of the population's annual net income did not exceed 60 yuan RMB. After the founding of New China, the Party and the state put improving people's livelihood in the first place. Especially after the reform and opening up, China has gradually established a distribution system with distribution according to work as the main body and multiple distribution methods coexisting. The income channels of urban and rural residents have been continuously broadened, and operational income and property income have doubled. The per capita net income of rural residents increased from 133.6 yuan in 978 to 476/kloc-0 yuan in 2008; The per capita disposable income of urban residents increased from 343.4 yuan in 1978 to 1578 1 yuan; The total savings deposits of residents increased from 2 1.978 yuan to 2 1 .7885 billion yuan, an increase of 1.037 times.
Second, the quality of people's lives has improved significantly. People are "not short of money", consumption is naturally prosperous, and the quality of life is correspondingly improved. Food consumption has gradually changed from food and clothing to nutrition; The catering service industry is booming, and people can enjoy the delicacies of various countries. Dress changes from "dressing warmly" to "dressing beautifully"; Now, China is not only the largest clothing consumer in the world, but also the largest clothing producer. In 2008, foreign exchange earned by export was119.8 billion USD. With the gradual modernization of household equipment, the "three major" durable goods have changed from bicycles, sewing machines and watches in the 1980s to color TVs, refrigerators and washing machines in the 1990s, and have been updated into mobile phones, computers and private cars in the new century. In 2007, the per capita living area of urban residents reached 22.6 square meters, and the per capita housing area in rural areas was 3 1.6 square meters. In recent years, the proportion of development-oriented and enjoyment-oriented consumption such as education, culture, entertainment and services has obviously increased, and leisure, fitness and tourism have become an important part of life. In 2008, the Engel coefficient of urban and rural residents was 37.9% and 43.7% respectively. According to FAO's standard classification, rural residents are now in a well-off stage, urban residents are moving from well-off to well-off, and 654.38+03 billion people are generally well-off.
Third, remarkable achievements have been made in medical and health undertakings. In old China, there were 0.07 health institutions and 9.32 health technicians per 10,000 people. The mortality rate is as high as 20‰, and the average life expectancy of residents is only 35 years old. Since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening-up, the public health service system has been gradually improved, and the level of medical technology has been significantly improved. By 2008, China has 2.25 health institutions and 59.6 health technicians per 10,000 people. The mortality rate dropped to 7.06‰, and the average life expectancy of residents increased to 73 years, reaching the level of moderately developed countries. In order to effectively alleviate the problem of "difficult and expensive medical treatment", in April 2009, the Central Committee and the State Council issued a "new medical reform plan", which highlighted the improvement of public health service, medical service system and medical security system, and let the people see the bright future of difficult medical treatment.
Fourth, social security has been gradually improved. Social security is an important mechanism to promote social fairness and justice. In the process of strengthening the construction of social security system, the government has made great efforts to improve the rural social security system in view of the characteristics of farmers in China. Since June 2003, the new rural cooperative medical system has been piloted. By 2008, the population participating in the new rural cooperative medical system reached 810.5 million, and the participation rate reached 910.5%, which achieved the goal of basically covering all rural areas two years earlier than expected. In June this year, the State Council decided to launch a pilot project of new rural social endowment insurance in 0/0% counties (cities, districts) across the country, and eligible farmers who have reached the age of 60 can receive basic pensions. It seems that the day when there are no children to support the elderly is not far off.
In commemoration of the 30th anniversary of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, Hu Jintao described the grand blueprint of "two 100"-to build a well-off society at a higher level and benefit more than one billion people by the 100 anniversary of the founding of our Party; By the 0/00th anniversary of the founding of New China, we will basically realize modernization and build a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized and harmonious socialist modern country. As long as we don't waver, slack off and toss about, our goal will certainly be achieved.
Rejuvenating the country through science and education: from 80% "illiterate" to the top of engineers
1949 In the autumn, an urgent secret letter was sent to a village head in Ning 'an County, Heilongjiang Province. The village chief couldn't read, so he found a villager named "scholar" to read the letter. The scholar ran away after reading the letter. It turns out that this is a secret letter to "hunt down the murderer", and the suspect in the letter monitored by the village head is the "scholar" himself. Behind the true story is the grim reality: when New China was founded, the national quality was very low, the primary school enrollment rate was only 20%, the illiteracy rate was as high as 80%, and "I didn't know a word", and there were even fewer high-end talents such as scientists and engineers. There are no more than 50,000 scientific and technological personnel in China, of which less than 500 are specialized in scientific research.
Education is backward and science and technology are naturally weak. When the western industrial revolution appeared 16 spindle spinning wheel, China was still single spindle and three spindles; 1922, Britain has more than 3000 kilowatts of power generation equipment, generating capacity10 billion kwh. It was not until the eve of the founding of New China that we made power generation equipment. Sixty years later, China has more than 4.2 million scientists and engineers, equivalent to the United States; The total amount of scientific and technological human resources exceeds 50 million, ranking first in the world. Lee Kuan Yew, the "father of Singapore", said: "China has more technicians than many countries, which is really enviable." China is realizing a "gorgeous turn" from a country with a large population to a country with a large human resources, and rejuvenating the country through science and education is becoming a reality.
The educational achievements are obvious to all. First, basically popularize nine-year compulsory education. From 65438 to 0986, China promulgated the Compulsory Education Law; In 2000, compulsory education was basically popularized and illiteracy among young people was basically eliminated; In the spring of 2007, tuition and miscellaneous fees for rural compulsory education were exempted; In the autumn of 2008, tuition and miscellaneous fees were exempted from compulsory education in cities nationwide ... Since the founding of New China 60 years ago, an unprecedented education policy has benefited people's livelihood and warmed people's hearts. At present, the net enrollment rate of primary school-age children in China has reached 99.5%, and the gross enrollment rate of junior high schools has reached 98%. The scale of basic education is huge, ranking first in the world. The second is to establish the largest higher education in the world. 1977, which was interrupted by the Cultural Revolution 1 1 year, the college entrance examination resumed, and China once again ushered in the spring of respecting knowledge and talents. During the 20 years from 1978 to 1998, the number of colleges and universities in China increased from 598 to 1022, and the enrollment scale increased by about 9% annually. From 65438 to 0999, the enrollment scale of higher education was further expanded. In the more than 30 years since 1977, 36 million people have been admitted to colleges and universities nationwide, and the admission rate of colleges and universities has increased from 4.7% in 1977 to 57% in 2008. In 2008, the total number of students in higher education exceeded 27 million, and the gross enrollment rate reached 23%. Higher education has entered the threshold of popularization, ranking first in the world. The third is the all-round development of secondary vocational education, adult education and continuing education. In 2008, secondary vocational education enrolled more than 865,438+million students, with 20,563,000 students. Adult vocational training has developed rapidly. Quality education and the construction of lifelong education system have become the main theme of China's education development, and an education system with China characteristics has been formed.
Scientific and technological achievements are inspiring. First, "two bombs and one satellite" has created a brilliant symbol of new China's scientific and technological undertakings. In order to break the imperialist nuclear monopoly and blackmail and break through the frontier technology of national defense science and technology, China has successfully developed "two bombs and one satellite", which has become an important symbol of the scientific and technological achievements of new China and greatly enhanced China's national defense and scientific and technological strength. Deng Xiaoping once pointed out: "If China didn't have atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs and satellites from the 1960s, it wouldn't be called a big country with important influence, and it wouldn't have such an international status now." Second, space science and technology have entered the advanced ranks in the world. On September 27th, 2008, 16: 4 1, China astronaut Zhai Zhigang went into space from the Shenzhou VII hatch, leaving the footprints of China people for the first time in the vast space. Since then, China has become the third country after Russia and the United States to master the key technology of space extravehicular activities. 1992, China's manned spaceflight project was formally established. 17 years, from scientific research, technical experiments to engineering applications, China has been among the advanced countries in the world in the fields of satellite recovery, geosynchronous orbit satellite positioning, spacecraft development and manned space flight, creating another miracle of "China leap"! Third, independent innovation has become a new driving force for economic and social development. Some people commented that 2008 may be the first year for China to move from "manufacturing" to "intelligent manufacturing". A strong evidence is that Huawei's international patent applications for R&D and communication equipment manufacturing in China reached 1737, setting a world record. Over the years, China's manufacturing capacity accounts for 15% of the world, second only to the United States, but only three ten thousandths of enterprises have their own technology, which leads to a serious "rat phenomenon", that is, a mouse produced in China sells for $40 in the United States, while we only have $3, and most of the profits are taken away by foreign countries. In 2004, the central government proposed to build China into an innovative country in 15 years. In the past two years, the investment in science and technology has increased by more than 20% every year, which is the only one in the world. In these five years, the number of patents reached 3 million, while in the first 55 years of New China, the total number was only 2 million. China has gradually entered a new stage of development driven by innovation.
Building an innovative country is a major strategic task, with education and technology as its wings and Scientific Outlook on Development as its soul. It will guide our country forward with an iron rhythm!
5. Democracy and the Rule of Law: From "Don't Talk about State Affairs" to Chairman's Online Chat
Before liberation, restaurants and tea shops often posted warnings of "Don't talk about state affairs". Even if China people talk about state affairs, they are in danger of going to jail and beheading, let alone participating in politics. After the founding of New China, people became masters of their own affairs, and there were more and more channels for political participation. On June 20th, 2008, Hu Jintao, president visited People's Network to communicate with netizens, which became the "happiest online event" for netizens in China. Premier Wen's online discussion with the public has become a unique landscape of the "two sessions" in recent years. Not only that, officials at all levels have "touched the net" and "lived in the temple and stayed away from the rivers and lakes", which is the first time in history that they can offer advice and suggestions for the country!
Cultural development: from learning from Lei Feng to volunteers
"People's life is limited, but serving the people is infinite. I want to devote my limited life to serving the people indefinitely. " This passage in the Diary of Lei Feng is widely celebrated. The "Lei Feng Spirit" has influenced and touched generations of China people, although its manifestations are different in different years. In 2003, poor students graduated from Xu Benyu University, gave up the opportunity to earn money to support their families and attend graduate school, and volunteered to teach in Guizhou mountainous areas for two years. There, there is no road and no telephone, so you can only light oil lamps at night and run up the 18 km mountain road to post letters at weekends. Therefore, he was selected by CCTV as the person of the year who moved China in 2004. In 2007, Xu Benyu volunteered to teach again, this time in Africa. The gift he gave to his beloved girl was a diary of Lei Feng.
This is just one of the stories of millions of volunteers. In the Wenchuan earthquake in May 2008, 200,000 volunteers went to the disaster area voluntarily, and more than/kloc-0,000 volunteers participated in disaster relief propaganda, fundraising and delivery of materials. At the Beijing Olympic Games in August, 654.38 million+700 million volunteers participated in it, setting a record in the history of the Olympic Games ... In the past 60 years, our spiritual and cultural life has moved from single to multiple; From rigidity to vitality, it has never been so prosperous and full of vitality as it is today.
7. National defense construction: from "universal card" to modernization
On June 6th, Mao Zedong inspected the China People's Liberation Army at the Tiananmen Gate. The troops under study are cavalry and horse-drawn artillery. At that time, the mechanization level of our army was not high, and the per capita mechanization capacity was only 0.2 horsepower, which was less than 2% of the world average at that time. Most of the weapons were "Wan Guo Brand" trophies. Sixty years later, on April 23rd, 2009, on the occasion of the 60th birthday of China Navy, Hu Jintao conducted a military parade in the Yellow Sea near Qingdao. Nuclear submarines, destroyers and frigates are like moving sea castles; New fighter formations such as early warning aircraft, reconnaissance planes and fighter-bombers soar in the air. Delegations from 29 countries,12 1 ships from 4 countries, gathered together to make the world prosperous.
Looking back on modern China, a great eastern country that once led human civilization for a long time, was invaded and humiliated by almost all imperialist countries in the world. After the founding of New China, Mao Zedong solemnly declared: "Our national defense will be consolidated and no imperialists will be allowed to invade our country again." Since then, national defense construction has begun, and remarkable achievements have been made in the past 60 years, mainly in four aspects:
1. Build a modernized and regularized revolutionary army. Shortly after the founding of New China, China put forward the general policy and task of "building an excellent modern revolutionary army", which quickly realized the transformation from a single service to a multi-service synthetic service, and established a unified command system, establishment system and formal training for the whole army. After the reform and opening up, the People's Liberation Army of China re-established the general goal of building a powerful modern and regular revolutionary army. Especially since the Gulf War, the People's Liberation Army has actively promoted the military transformation with China characteristics, embarked on a leap-forward development path based on mechanization, guided by informationization and promoted each other, and greatly accelerated the modernization process of national defense and the army.
Second, take the road of elite soldiers with China characteristics. Soldiers are more valuable than elites. Starting from 1975, Deng Xiaoping advocated "army reorganization" and successively reduced the number of army posts by more than 2 million, but the scale of 4 million was still too large. Deng Xiaoping said worriedly, "It's very convenient to direct the war. What's useful now? You can't cope with the war without expansion. " At the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission 1985, disarmament was decisively declared 1 10,000. After the news came out, the whole world shook. 1997, our army further reduced by 500,000; In 2003, it was reduced by 200,000, and the total size of the army was reduced to 2.3 million. Through streamlining, reorganization and structural reform, the People's Liberation Army has taken solid steps towards the goal of lean organization, flexible command, quick response and strong combat effectiveness, and its modernization level has been greatly improved.
Third, promote the strategy of strengthening the army through science and technology and the modernization of weapons and equipment. During the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, China imported a lot of weapons and equipment from the former Soviet Union. Since then, China has gradually begun to imitate Soviet-style weapons and equipment, built more than large and medium-sized military enterprises 100, increased the number of scientific research institutions to more than 20, and the national defense science and technology industry has begun to take shape, quickly realizing the standardization and initial localization of weapons and equipment. In 1960s, China relied on its own strength to develop cutting-edge national defense technology, and the success of "two bombs and one satellite" shocked the world. After the reform and opening-up, the army has established a fast-moving and three-dimensional assault equipment system; The navy has established an equipment system that integrates sea and air and adapts to offshore defense operations; The air force has established an air-ground integrated equipment system with both offensive and defensive capabilities; The Second Artillery Corps established a surface-to-surface missile equipment system with both nuclear and normal capabilities and range convergence. Electronic information equipment is developing towards comprehensive integration and integration.
4. Defended national sovereignty, national dignity and people's peaceful life. 1In June, 950, the Korean War broke out, and American imperialism burned the war to the Yalu River, which seriously threatened China's security. In June 5438+10, Chinese people's Volunteer Army crossed the Yalu River and fought side by side with the Korean People's Army, repelling the "United Nations Army" led by the United States to the south of the 38th parallel. 1953, the United States had to sign the Korean armistice agreement. The victory of the war greatly enhanced the confidence of the people of China and won a relatively stable and peaceful environment for the construction of a new China. In addition, our army has also carried out many counter-attacks in border self-defense and won, defending national security and territorial integrity.
Over the past 60 years, under the absolute leadership of the China Production Party, national defense and army building have made great strides towards the goal of revolutionization, modernization and regularization, weapons and equipment have changed with each passing day, and the integration of logistics support has been steadily advanced; What will never fade is the soldiers who listen to the party's command and serve the people-war, flood, earthquake ... wherever there is danger, they are all confirming the core values of their contemporary revolutionary soldiers, that is, "loyalty to the party, love for the people, serve the country, devote themselves to their mission and advocate honor."
Great cause of reunification: from mutual isolation to peaceful development
For a long time after the founding of New China, Chiang Kai-shek, who fled Taiwan Province Province, never forgot to counterattack the mainland. Hong Kong and Macao are also isolated from the motherland, and the great cause of reunification has a long way to go. After the reform and opening up, Deng Xiaoping put forward the strategic concept of "one country, two systems" with superhuman wisdom, and successfully practiced it in Hong Kong and Macao, clearing the century-old shame of the Chinese nation. The right path in the world is vicissitudes. Due to the intervention of external forces such as the United States, the road to cross-strait reunification has experienced many twists and turns. Now the overall situation of cross-strait peace and development has initially taken shape, and the future prospects can be expected. Over the past 60 years, China's road to reunification has never been seen before, and it has contributed valuable experience to the world. To sum up, two points are particularly worth sharing:
Diplomatic Brilliance: From "Sick Man of East Asia" to Oriental Giant
Over the past 60 years, China's diplomacy has completely reversed the situation of "forced opening" in old China and "forced closing" in new China for nearly 30 years, and finally embarked on the road of "active opening", becoming the backbone of world peace and the "engine" of the global economy. The good play is yet to come!
Shifang construction