Qigong (Qigong) is a kind of physical and mental exercise method to strengthen the body, prevent and cure diseases, strengthen the body and prolong life, and develop potential by adjusting breathing, physical activity and consciousness (breath adjustment, body adjustment and inner adjustment). The birthplace of Qigong is China. Qigong has a long history in China. In ancient times, the contents of Qigong were usually called breathing, moving qi, persuasion, guidance, alchemy, cultivation, meditation and so on. China's classical Qigong theory is based on the traditional Chinese medicine fitness theory. It turns out that part of Qigong is called "dance", such as Lu's "Spring and Autumn", "The bones and muscles can't shrink, so dance is used to promote it". During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, part of Qigong was summarized as "guiding and pressing stilts". Huangdi Neijing, a monograph of traditional Chinese medicine, records the cultivation methods of "lifting heaven and earth, grasping yin and yang, absorbing essence, nourishing the mind independently, nourishing the muscles as one", "concentrating" and "nourishing the mind as one". Lao Zi mentioned the breathing skills of "Hush or Blow" and "Connect if you have it". "Zhuangzi" also has "bragging and panting, getting rid of the old and getting new, and the bear is stretched out by the bird, just for longevity. Peng Zushou's hobby as a candidate is also recorded. Among the cultural relics unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha, Hunan Province, there are the silk book "Birds Eat Together" and the colorful silk painting guide map. Quegu Shi Qi is a book that mainly introduces the methods of breathing and vomiting. The guide map is the earliest map of Qigong, with 44 images, which is a portrayal of ancient people using Qigong to prevent and treat diseases. There are many kinds of qigong, which are divided into dynamic and static. Dynamic exercise refers to qigong, which is mainly physical activity. For example, the guidance group focuses on dynamic exercise, which is characterized by emphasizing physical operation combined with emotion. Static qigong refers to qigong in which the body does not move and only depends on the self-control of consciousness and breathing. Most qigong methods are dynamic and static. In religion, Taoist priests often practice Qigong, and meditation and meditation in Buddhism also include Qigong. Qigong is usually practiced with martial arts or meditation. Chinese medicine practitioners who practice acupuncture often practice Qigong to improve the curative effect. Hua Tuo, a famous doctor in the Han Dynasty, created and edited the Wuqin Opera, which was handed down to later generations. In China Wushu, the definition and classification are mostly carried out at the same time when practicing riding and standing piles, mainly to make the muscles of the whole body tense, so as to consciously control each group of voluntary muscles and semi-voluntary muscles, and the qi needs to sink into the abdomen (concept point). The modern term is abdominal breathing. Try to pull down the diaphragm and tighten the lowest part of the abdominal muscles, and feel that the gas in the body has reached the abdomen. Hard qigong, Buddhist meditation and Taoist body-building exercises (as well as modern soft gymnastics) all belong to this category. There is no need to tighten muscles. Pay attention to take a deep breath and let it have no distractions. The China Wushu Wing Chun Boxing of Taiji Slow Preaching and Nanquan School, the first set of boxing ideas in the initial introductory practice, belong to this category. Soft qigong can not only enhance vital capacity without consuming a lot of physical strength, but also exercise all muscles, including semi-voluntary muscles in the human body and (passively) move internal organs, so it is suitable for all kinds of people to practice. Especially suitable for the elderly, ladies and patients who can't do a lot of exercise. The main project of soft qigong: Qi is a concept of traditional Chinese medicine. Its original meaning refers to air, which extends human breath. Although Qi is a general concept, there is no strict definition. Qi can be used to refer to physiological phenomena, such as nourishing qi, defending qi, harmonizing qi and turbid qi. In addition to physiological phenomena, the concept of qi is also used to describe emotional phenomena and consciousness phenomena, such as healthy qi and evil qi. Although the concept of qi has application value to both Chinese medicine and martial artists, there is no final conclusion about the nature of qi at present. The concept of qi refers to the feeling of heat, numbness or itching when practicing qigong or concentrating on a certain part of the body. Although qi sensation is an experience that most people who practice qigong will have, the causes of qi sensation have not been studied. There is a theory that qigong is an illusion, but this illusion is not meaningless. It is to use simulated sensory signals instead of real signals to drive autonomic nerves to perform psychosomatic functions (psychosomatic function theory in dreams). The illusion of swelling and numbness in qigong can promote the repair of autonomic nerves and achieve the purpose of fitness. In addition, sometimes, the following physiological reactions are often called "qi sensation" by qigong practitioners: originally, with the above modern terms, qi sensation has become something that can be explained by science, not an illusion, and it is possible to have a dialogue and exchange with western science. However, due to this way of expression, there is no such word as "Yin-Yang deficiency and excess", or there is no analogy with five lines of gossip. When you are deeply relaxed, the feeling of microvascular microcirculation is mostly warm. If there is still itching, Chinese medicine also calls it "wind". Beginners often say that this is "gas to the fingertips." "Breathing is deep and long, the blood gas is vigorous, and the brain of the limbs gets enough blood supply and oxygen supply. It is often described as "feeling a surge of air", even the movement of big and small days, the improvement of internal force and so on. Enter a state similar to pantomime or self-hypnosis, and try to influence the feeling of uncontrollable parts (involuntary muscles such as internal organs) with consciousness. Sometimes the limbs will be in a posture that they seldom do (unlike Gong Zhuang), and their center of gravity and weight-bearing position will be different in peacetime, and then they will cooperate with imagination and breathing, thus stimulating some postures and even internal organs that rarely exercise at ordinary times, so that they can all be exercised, bringing an unusual but very pleasant personal realm experience to practitioners. This is often said to guide qi with intention, guide qi with conductor, and even get through the heart meridian of hand shaoyin and lung meridian of hand Taiyin. Bioelectrical responses of nerves, such as muscle jumping, eyebrow jumping and even cramping. If these reactions are expected by qigong practice, or under control and expectation, it may be said that this is a "miraculous achievement"; If it is unexpected or out of control, it is called "deviation", so that people often have some strange experiences in the process of practicing Qigong. The more common ones are qi, sharpness, calmness and so on. Qigong Experience Qigong is in a state of folk circulation in history, forming many schools such as medicine, Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and martial arts. Physician qigong emphasizes health and longevity, Taoist qigong emphasizes double cultivation of life, Buddhist qigong emphasizes understanding of nature, and Wushu qigong attaches importance to the use of martial arts. Qigong is essentially different from religion. Qigong School 1955, Liu's important works have been translated into Japanese, English, Indonesian and other languages, and his Qigong concept has also spread all over the world. Now, it caused the first national qigong climax, and leaders such as Chen Yi, Lin and Xie Juezai also practiced or wrote inscriptions. 1966 After the Cultural Revolution began, the first Qigong craze came to an abrupt end. 1976 qigong was liberated again. Wang played an important role in promoting the second qigong wave. The State Science and Technology Commission, the National Defense Science and Technology Commission, the National Security Bureau and other important departments have all studied and promoted Qigong, and many media, including Xinhua News Agency, have played an important role in promoting Qigong fever. Qian Xuesen, a famous scientist, pointed out: "China qigong and special functions are the most cutting-edge science and technology, high-tech and cutting-edge technology in modern times." He also pointed out: "The in-depth study of human science will certainly change human understanding and ability to transform nature and benefit mankind. This may lead to a new scientific revolution in 2 1 century, perhaps a greater scientific revolution than quantum mechanics and relativity in the early 20th century, which will definitely bring about the second Renaissance and another leap in human history. "The Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine established a Qigong laboratory in 1983 and a master's degree in Qigong in 1986. During the study of Qigong 1978, Ms. Gu Hansen published several research reports in China Journal of Nature, claiming to have found physical evidence of Qigong's "external qi" such as electromagnetic waves, particle flow and static electricity. The following year, Tang Yu's special function of ear reading was discovered in Sichuan Province and widely reported. These two events caused a craze for learning Qigong. 1In the mid-1980s, Dr. Yan Xin, Lv Zuyin and Li Shengping from Tsinghua University conducted experiments on the influence of external qi of Qigong on molecular structure. Guangming Daily and other important media widely reprinted. Zhang Zhenhuan, president of Qigong Association, and famous scientists Qian Xuesen, Bei and Fang recommended the research report after confirming its reliability. In Taoism, Fuyong and Leifa are similar to the external qi function of modern Qigong. Chinese medicine also has the theory of invigorating qi therapy. Opponents of qigong and qigong with special functions believe that qigong is very similar to witchcraft in practice and thinking and cannot be explained by mainstream scientific concepts. They think that Qigong may be useful as breathing regulation training and psychological suggestion therapy, but it is pseudoscience to claim that supernatural abilities (such as releasing "external qi") can be obtained from it. Qigong is so mysterious that modern science can't fully explain it, so some people cheat in the name of Qigong. These activities are called "pseudo qigong". Supporters of qigong supernatural phenomena often cite some reports and research cases about qigong special phenomena, thinking that these reports show that the methods and tools used by qigong researchers are also used by ordinary scientific researchers, so if the results contradict the mainstream scientific theory, then there is reason to admit that the mainstream theory needs to be improved instead of denying the authenticity of these reports. Opponents believe that these reports and studies have serious doubts. In some qigong experiments, although some methods and scientific instruments similar to conventional academic research are used, the organization of the whole activity is not in line with conventional scientific research. Some experiments are not supervised by the neutral party, and even some involved parties publicly declare that they have nothing to do with them, and their credibility is in doubt. In addition, the technical details of the research are also controversial.