In today's Aobao and Gandell of Ejinhoro Banner in Ordos Plateau, Inner Mongolia, there is a Genghis Khan cemetery, which is "the pride of a generation who only knows how to shoot an eagle with a bow". Different from other cemeteries, it only has commemorative significance, only Genghis Khan's "relics", bows and arrows, saddles and so on. What is buried here is not the body of Khan in Chengxing Temple, that is to say, it is not his own burial place. So, where is Genghis Khan buried? For many years, it has been an issue of interest to scholars at home and abroad. The most popular legend is that Genghis Khan himself went to Xixia, and when he passed by Yina Shankou, his whip fell to the ground involuntarily. Genghis Khan was shocked and suddenly found that the scenery around here was excellent and intoxicating. He couldn't help but write a poem casually: "The place where sika deer lived, the place where larks hatched, the place where the declining dynasty revived, and the country where white-haired old people lived." He said to his entourage, "I'd better be buried here after I die." In the same year, he died in Liupanshan. When the car carrying his body back to his hometown passed by, the wheels got stuck in a mud pit and could not move forward. People remembered his hymns and exhortations before he died, so they reported to the priest. After discussion, they decided to transport his body back to Mobei and bury his clothes, boots and socks here to build a "white house" for the family to pay taxes. However, Genghis Khan's body is kept strictly secret in the burial place of Mongolian Khan. Coffins and graves are buried in the depths of the prairie and can't afford to pile up. The horse was driven to gallop through the floating crowd to confuse their tracks. In the coming year, the surrounding vegetation will turn into grassland or dense forest, and people can't tell where the grave is. Ye's "Vegetation" reads: "After burial, ride ten thousand horses to make it flat, kill camels on it, and guard it with thousands of horses. Next year, when the spring grass is born, it will move away, hoping for a balance, and no one knows. When you want to sacrifice, you should be guided by the mother of the camel you killed, and you will know where to bury it, depending on where it makes a sound. " The history of Genghis Khan's burial time and place is also ambiguous, and opinions vary. Written in the Secret History of Mongolia in the 13th year after Genghis Khan's death, Genghis Khan died in 1227, moved to Duoermiao (now ningwu county, Ningxia) in Xixia, and died there. This book is the earliest historical record of Genghis Khan's death, but it doesn't mention the burial place of Genghis Khan, and it doesn't mention the burial of Genghis Khan who died thirteen years ago. This book was written on 1240 by Peng Dashu and Xu Ting in the Southern Song Dynasty. There is a record saying: "Do you see the tomb of truth, which is surrounded by mountains and rivers by the Hugou River? According to legend, Tetou was born here, so he was buried here, and the truth is unknown. I still remember that day:' If the tomb is not blocked, it will be fixed by horses to make it as flat as the ground'. If there is no real grave, you will think it is a wall (30 miles wide) and ride it as a guard. " During the reign of Jia in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1237- 1240), they made a field trip to Mongolia. After returning to the south, they co-edited A Brief History of Heller. From the time point of view, Genghis Khan's cemetery appeared more than ten years after Genghis Khan's death. I also saw it on the spot, which is the earliest record in the history books of China. The Yuan History Taizu Ji, compiled in the early Ming Dynasty, records: "In the twenty-second year, Ding Haiqiu died in the afternoon of July, which was unexpected and ugly, and collapsed in He Zhi's official trip in Sulichuan. ..... 66. Bury the valley. " According to the Outline of Mongolian Golden History, after Genghis Khan's death, he was "transported to the land of Hanshan, where he built tombs for generations, became the guardian of the great prime minister, became the god of all peoples, and established the eternal strong man Ding Bai." "And its true identity, some people say, is buried in Hareton; Some people say that it is buried in the shadow of Altai Mountain and the sun of Kent Mountain, which is called Great Otok. " Similarly, in the fourth volume of "The Origin of Mongolia" written by Sakachechin, Genghis Khan "withdrew his troops in Lingzhou City on July 12, 966." "Because it is impossible to clear out the whole body, we have the tomb of Yong 'an and built the world in the eighth room. This is a place where the whole body of the Lord is buried in Altay Mountain, and he is willing to stay in Yang Shan and visit Turkey. "Because the author Sanang is the descendant of Belleek Morgan who crushed agriculture and failed in Erdos, he can use the main historical documents at that time, as well as the secrets and home port that others can't see, so the historical records in his works, including the burial place of Genghis Khan, have certain authority. In addition, it is also written in Marco Polo's Travels that Genghis Khan "died in the middle of his knee when he entered a fortress of Caffard: llv." The descendants of the first monarch listed should all be buried on a mountain in Altai (Sichuan and Yunnan). No matter where the monarch dies, he will be buried in it. Although the land is still off the agenda, he must be buried on this mountain. "Historical records are so vague that it has caused great trouble for future generations to study and determine the real cemetery of Genghis Khan. At the beginning of this century, scholars launched a heated debate on this issue, and basically formed the theory of "Erdos Yijinhuoluo" and "Qi Zhanggu", that is, the west of the Karen River bend in outer Mongolia, the east of the Shangla River and the sun in Kent Mountain. Zhang is a representative figure of the theory of "Yi Jin Luo". He has published "The Origin of Genghis Khan's National Sleeping" and "Analysis of Genghis Khan's Mausoleum Sleeping" in the Journal of Geoscience. There are three reasons: first, according to (Yuan Shi Taizu Ji): "The city collapsed in Surrey) F! The old man is an official and buried in the valley. " Zhang believes that "Sarichuan is divided into territorial rivers, and Hatu also chose to join the old disciples, so that the Haliutu River meets the two rivers. The Great Wall is west of Yulin, and the Wuding River also flows downstream. "In Ejinhoro, where the mausoleum of Genghis Khan is located in Ordos," Hutugou, the so-called chariot valley, seems to be very close to the translator. " Secondly, according to the origin of Mongolia, the burial place is "in the ash Turk of Aritan Mountain, where the mountains are bright and sunny". Zhang believes that when he suddenly sees Ertu, it is "dozens of miles to the south, the mountains are getting higher and the sandbags are yellow. Almost the so-called Hardy Mountain is translated as a mountain peak. Koethke, Nando, and Erdo are all the same sound, which translates into the accounting office, which is the big curtain of the stone box. "Third, according to the example of the Qing court," Yikezhao League has Genghis Khan Garden Bed, and Erdos Seven Banners hold 500 households in Dalhart, which is the caretaker bed ",so it can be seen that Genghis Khan Mausoleum must be in Erdos. Zhang also believes that Genghis Khan died in the battle of Xixia, and his territory is in Xixia, so the burial place is "the old disciple of Suri Chuanha, of course, in Xixia, but there is no doubt." In Surrey, there are officers of Genghis Khan in Chuanha. According to the Secret History of Mongolia, Genghis Khan conquered Xixia and his wife followed suit. After the collapse of Genghis Khan, Xixia people were given wives as servants. After Yuan invited Khan to die, "there was a law of inheritance", so "there must be a Taizu official in Xixia". Moreover, after the fourth year of Taizu (A.D. 1209), the Hetao was not owned by Xixia, but was placed under the territory of Mongolia for a long time, so Genghis Khan was buried here after his death, which is the "land of Sobujian" mentioned in The Origin of Mongolia. The land of Chang 'an "does not necessarily refer to the Bailun River, the guest of Genghis Khan's prosperous time. For example, Genghis Khan died in Xixia and was buried in Nanhe, which started here. "It's a long way, across the Yellow River desert. How did the 8th come about? "It's really impossible. The theory of "Beginning Valley" is represented by Juqi. He also published "Appraisal Certificate of Genghis Khan Mausoleum in Ansi" in Earth Science magazine. The reasons are as follows: First, according to the record of "Brother Ha's uterus collapsed and buried in the valley" in Yuan history, the explanation of this sentence is completely different from what Zhang said. He thinks that Su Lichuan-that is, "except Ali's forehead" in the secret history, except Ali is Su Li, which means yellow; The amount of guest means yes. (Personal record) Select Shuilichuan, which is located to the west of Kelulian River. Kent Mountain IV, east of Tula River. The official of the trip to Kazakhstan and Laos, Tucheng, was stationed in the camp when Khan started, and acceded to the throne as what Steiding called the old camp. In the Krupp River as stated in the Personal Travel Record, "When I set out to visit the South River, I met several tower workers and despised the ancient teachings and laughed at my disciples, I lived in Halianze." According to the "Yuan Li Shiding Emperor Ji" cloud, "that is, Lalong lives in the river, forgives the cloud, and commands the four great emperors Genghis Khan. The Longju River is the heart of Lu, and the first ear of the four ears is the Ha Lao Tu Gong "; Chichario Valley-the location of Genghis Khan Cemetery, "that is, East Cullen of Xiehan Banner". Secondly, according to the Origin of Mongolia, Aritan Mountain-Altai Mountain and Yijinshan Mountain, located on the right bank of the Krulun River source, the southern enemy of Kent Mountain in Tuxie Tuhan Department, is one of Pantuo; Hardy Mountain, namely Kent Mountain, is suitable for the second water source of Laculun River, while "Yinshan Mountain and Hardy Mountain with fields are located at the source of Hulun River, and the west is close to the second water source of Lahu River and Nanhe River". Hui Turkic means tribe, which refers to the place sent overseas by Mongolian headquarters. Third, according to Rustin's historical records, Genghis Khan's four major or ears were all in a foreign land, and they all died in mourning at the same time, so the base will be in Outer Mongolia. Ju Ji believes that before the demise of Xixia, the land claimed by Hetao was not the territory of Mongolia that month. In fact, in the five campaigns of Mongolia's expedition to Xixia, the first four did not enter the land of Hetao. Genghis Khan died on the eve of the demise of Xixia, and the secret did not send out mourning. Xixia just died and the cave was in turmoil, so it is impossible to be buried in Xixia. In addition, from the time when Wang Baobao was expelled from Hetao in the early Ming Dynasty to the time when Arochu and other departments joined the society in the sixth year of Shunshun tomorrow (AD 1462), there were no Mongolian riders in Hetao for more than 90 years, and no one lived outside Yulin. In the fifth year of Bi Cheng (AD 1469), there were eight episodes of Manchu and Dulu, and the date was set as Tongba Episode. The so-called "man is doomed to have nothing" is actually the land of Ricky under the disguise of the Mongols in Ordos. Chen Ye thought it would be a pity to send it later. 1983 social science front published the article "Genghis Khan's burial place and cemetery" in the 4th issue. Based on the issue of Genghis Khan's tomb and the historical development process since ancient times, this paper makes a detailed investigation of the changes of "Zhu Boding", and holds that Genghis Khan's burial place was in ancient Chinese mainland at that time, that is, "North". Now Yijinhuoluo in Erdos, Inner Mongolia is the home cave. He believes that according to Mongolian custom, the burial place of evaluation is extremely secret. The base drove the horse off the ground, and the cemetery and the forest were indistinguishable. Passers-by killed it on the way to the funeral, all in order to keep the Philippines secret and let future generations have no graves to find. No such strict custom has been found in the Philippines. However, according to historical records, the secret is only a place to fill one's family, and the ceremony of Dongba is openly carried out and passed down. "Self-determination" is the place of nuclear adjustment and the symbol of the mausoleum. The separation between burial ground and family land is still caused by the frequent movement and migration of nomadic people. Especially because of the war, the occupied land can be gained and lost, and the burial place can only be kept secret to avoid damage. However, the family ceremony cannot be abolished because of this, so it has to be passed down through this symbolic mausoleum and inherited by the Ministry. This is why white rooms can flow. "What is certain is that Genghis Khan's burial place is in Mobei, and the land is separated from it. Later, he went to Monan. As for the exact location of the Philippines, new materials and further research are needed, and archaeological discoveries are needed in burial sites. " Why the Ming Tombs were built in Changping, Ming Taizu, Beijing and Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the rule of the Yuan Dynasty. After the Ming Dynasty was founded, Nanjing was its capital. Just outside Nanjing, it chose its own mausoleum site, built a mausoleum, and was buried there after its death. This is the Ming Tombs. Zhu was the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty. It stands to reason that his successor should also set up a mausoleum outside Nanjing. As a matter of fact, apart from the burial of Amin's tomb in Zhu Yuanlu, no other tombs of Ming Di were built outside Nanjing. So, where did all the later imperial tombs go? They are all built in front of Tianshou Mountain in Changping, Beijing, which is the Ming Tombs. Why should the Ming Tombs be built in Changping County, Beijing? This is because after Zhu Yuanzhang's death, the prince of Yan launched a "difficult vote" when he came to school, overthrew Wen Jian's regime, became emperor himself, and moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing. How did the "Battle of Jingnan" come about? This should start with Zhu Yuanjin's sealing the king before his death. Zhu * * * had twenty-three sons, all of whom were made princes and stayed in Beijing, except those who were over the standard. The other 22 sons were crowned kings one after another, distributed all over the country. They can build palaces, set up official posts and command an army of 3,000 to19,000 people. They can also seal kings along the Great Wall and command more troops. There is only one restriction on them, that is, they must not interfere in local affairs, and local civil affairs are managed by local officials at all levels. In doing so, Zhu wanted to use the flesh-and-blood relationship between kings and royalty to maintain a clear rule. In the event of an incident in the local area, all localities should ask the king to handle it nearby so as not to cause confusion; Once the capital is in danger, princes all over the country can lead troops to help the king and help the royal family turn the corner, thus ensuring the safety of the surname dynasty. However, the development of things is not as wonderful as Lai Yuanjin thought. In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1398), Zhu suddenly died of illness. Because Zhu Biao had died in the 25th year of Hongwu, he had to be succeeded by Huang Taisun, the son of Zhu Biao, from the second year to the first year. This is his emperor. Emperor Jianwen was only twenty-one years old at that time. He was not only young and lacked political experience, but also generous and weak in nature and lacked the spirit of fortitude and determination. The vassals who were enfeoffed all over the country were his uncles, including not only military commanders who made meritorious deeds in World War I, but also veterans who were proficient in politics. Therefore, they don't pay much attention to him as a little emperor. Rough, disobedient and illegal things happen from time to time. Especially the fourth prince Zhu came to the oak forest. He is wise in SHEN WOO and supports northern Xinjiang, and he is even more unwilling to kneel in front of his nephew. To this end, he privately made weapons in Beijing Palace, printed money himself, recruited soldiers and recruited talents. First, in order to consolidate the central political power in Wen Jian, some ministers proposed a separatist regime, but because of Wen Jian's indecision, they lost the opportunity. For example, in the first year of the Prince of Yan (1399), the Prince of Yan came to Nanjing according to the rules of the imperial court to meet his uncle, and he deliberately shelved his uncle and could not give gifts to the monarch and his subjects. Censor Zeng Fengyun immediately tried to make him disrespectful, so he should be arrested and punished. However, when Emperor Wen Jian saw the prince, he softened and said, "Uncle is a close relative, so let's forget this little thing!" Later, the prince's strength increased and his ambition increased, so Wen Jian could no longer discuss countermeasures with court officials. Qi Yao, the minister of the Ministry of War, suggested: "The prince of Yan is based in Beiping and lives on one side, so he has a rebellious heart. In my humble opinion, it is better to strike first, and the dragon head will naturally collapse if the prince is removed. " Imperial academy Jinshi, Taichang Palace Minister Huang Zicheng, knew that the prince was the most ambitious and threatening. But don't think this way. He said: "The Prince of Yan was thoughtful and prepared, and it was hard to come by." He advocated splitting Zhou Zheng first. Cut off my king's hands and feet and isolate him. He went further and said, "Zhou Wang has always broken the law, and his misdeeds are obvious. He has been arrested and punished, and his teacher has made a name for himself and will not cause criticism. " He agreed with Huang Zicheng's opinion, so he decided to tear the knife from Zhou's hand first, and sent Li Jinglong, the king of Zeng Hou, to arrest him in Kaifeng and waste it. Then, the acting kings Zhu Gui, Luo Lan Zhu Ji and Wang Qi were beaten, their titles were cut, or sent to other places, or abolished as Shu Ren, or imprisoned. Zhu Xiang, a worker in Hunan Province, made counterfeit money and indulged in extravagance, so that Bo was punished. ""He set himself on fire in the palace and died. At the same time, the Ministry of Industry sent Lang as the ambassador to the North, Xie Gui and Zhang Xin as the viceroy, and closely monitored the actions of the Prince. Less than a year. The five princes were abolished one after another, and the court's monitoring of themselves became more and more strict, which made the prince uneasy day and night. He is clearly aware that the situation is very unfavorable to himself. If he can't make up his mind and start an uprising as soon as possible, I don't know that Kaiji will end up like other princes that day. To this end, he took the initiative, in July of the first year of Wen Jian (1399). Resolutely transfer troops to rebel against the imperial court. This is the famous "Jingnan War" in history. The Prince of Yan called his rebellion "Jingnan" on the pretext that Qizou and Topaz became traitors, which should be discussed. After the rise of the Prince, after three years of hard struggle, although he defeated the four conquering armies led by the imperial generals Lian Bingwen and Li Jinglong, he captured many places, but most of the land he gained was lost and could not be held. In fact, there are only small websites, such as Level, Daning Baoding and so on. Compared with the imperial court, less than one percent, oneself also lost a lot of troops. Although the imperial army was defeated in many wars, it was mainly because of the incompetence of the general, not the lack of strength. If the court elects a competent chief commander, the future is hard to predict. Faced with this situation, the prince was very anxious. Coincidentally, at this time, Nanjing's eunuch, who was dissatisfied with him as the emperor, sent a message saying that the capital was empty, and suggested that the prince quickly enter and take it directly. Therefore, the prince changed his policy against the northern conquering army. In December of Wen Jian's third year, he sent his troops south, without attacking the city along the way, and took the capital directly. After five months of fighting, in May of the following year, the army of the Prince of Yan crossed the Huaihe River and hit the north bank of the Yangtze River, occupying Yangzhou, Gaoyou, Tongzhou (now Nantong, Jiangsu) and Taizhou. The imperial court was in a state of panic, and there was nothing they could do, so they had to accept Fang Xiaoru's suggestion and send someone to see the prince for peace, hoping to divide the north and the south with the Yangtze River as the boundary. The prince thought that the capital could be ruled by the sun, so he simply ignored it. On June 3, he commanded an army, crossed the Yangtze River and took Nanjing at the gates. Emperor Wen Jian tried to make peace with others again, but the prince still refused. The officers and men of the imperial court saw that the tide was gone and surrendered in succession. On June 12th, Tso Li Jinglong opened the door to meet the enemy in Prince Edward City, and all 200,000 troops in the city surrendered. After the prince entered Beijing, the palace caught fire, and the queen Ma Shi and the seven-year-old prince set themselves on fire. The whereabouts of Emperor Wen Jian is unknown. With the support of ministers, the prince ascended the throne, and the next year was changed to the first year of Yongle. This is the ancestor in the history of the Ming Dynasty. After Zhu Xiang, the prince of Yan, proclaimed himself emperor, he cleaned the princes and ministers who opposed himself and were loyal to Jianwen Emperor on a large scale, killing tens of thousands of people successively. Then completely cut the princes and relieve them of their military power. The separation of princes is conducive to strengthening centralized feudal rule. On the northern border of Ming dynasty, near Mongolia, their cavalry came and went, and they needed to be on guard. Besides, Beiping is not like the ground. He is familiar with the situation there and is determined to move the capital to Beijing. So in the first year of Yongle, Beiping was changed to Beijing. In the fourth year of Yongle, he ordered the construction of Beijing Palace and the reconstruction of Beijing City. In the 18th year of Yongle (1420), the temple was built. Immediately after the completion of Beijing, Zhu Xiang announced that Beijing would be its capital from next year. As for why the Ming Tombs were built in Tianshou Mountain, Changping, Beijing, but not in other places, this is determined by the geographical environment of the Ming Tombs. The Ming Tombs are located in the north of Beijing, less than 100 miles from Beijing. East side. The west and north are surrounded by mountains, and the south is an open small basin. Wengou River runs through the middle, with beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. Especially on the east and west sides of the southern end of the small basin, the two hills, Dragon (now Mangshan Mountain) and Tiger, stand side by side, just like natural barriers, guarding the gate of the Ming Tombs, adding its solemn momentum. The Ming Dynasty alchemists thought it was a rare "Feng Shui" resort and an excellent "auspicious place", which was very suitable for being elected as the "first merit" of the emperor. The alchemist reported their discovery to Cheng Zu, who personally observed it and thought it was very good, so he decided to designate it as a mausoleum site and began to build a mausoleum, which is the largest mausoleum in the middle of the basin. After the death of Cheng Zu, he succeeded to the throne as emperor, and successively built 13 mausoleums: Xianling, Jingling, Yuling, Maoling, Tailing, Kangling, Yongling, Zhaoling, Dingling, Qingling, Deling and Sixian.